Photographic Manual of Regional Orthopaedic and Neurologic Tests

Now in its Fifth Edition, this Photographic Manual of Regional Orthopaedic and Neurologic Tests describes in step-by-step fashion how to perform these tests. Each chapter begins with a decision tree of the orthopaedic examination of an anatomic area, followed by a brief description of the anatomic area, usually with an accompanying drawing. The presentation of each test begins with a clinical description and a box of clinical signs and symptoms, followed by a brief description of the procedure with a photograph demonstrating the position of the clinician and the patient. The author then presents a brief rationale for the test and suggests diagnostic imaging procedures where appropriate. An accompanying DVD demonstrates a typical examination.

CONTENTS PREFACE ivACKNOWLEDGMENTS vINTRODUCTION TO EVIDENCEBASED VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATION PROCEDURES vii1 PROTOCOL CLINICAL ASSESSMENT1Patient History 2Observation/Inspection 4Palpation 4Range of Motion Evaluation 5Special Physical, Orthopaedic, and Neurological Testing 8Diagnostic Imaging and other Specialized Structural Testing 9Functional Testing 132 POSTURAL ASSESSMENT 15by Steven P.Weiniger, DC Why Posture Is Important 16Architectural versus Adaptive Postural Changes: Body Types, Injury, and Habit 16Posture Evaluation: Methods and Observations 19Posture Types 25Postural Syndromes 26Other Postural Distortions, Adaptations, and Pathologies 283 TESTS CERVICAL ORTHOPAEDIC39Cervical Orthopaedic Examination Flow Chart 40Cervical Palpation 41Cervical Range of Motion 47Cervical Resistive Isometric Muscle Testing 52Vertebrobasilar Circulation Assessment 56Subclavian Artery Compromise 68Differential Diagnosis: Strain versus Sprain 70 Cervical Fractures 72Cervical Instability 76 Space-Occupying Lesions 80Cervical Neurological Compression and Irritation 824 LESIONS CERVICAL NERVE ROOT92C5 96C6 98C7 100C8 102T1 1045 TESTS SHOULDER ORTHOPAEDIC106Shoulder Orthopaedic Examination Flow Chart 107Shoulder Palpation 108Shoulder Range of Motion 116Impingement Syndrome (Supraspinatus) 122Tendinitis (Bicipital) 125Bursitis 129Anterior Glenohumeral Instability 132Posterior Glenohumeral Instability 139Multidirectional Shoulder Instability 142Labral Tears (Slap Lesions) 145 Rotator Cuff Instability 149 Biceps Tendon Instability 151Thoracic Outlet Syndrome 156Brachial Plexus Irritation 1626 TESTS ELBOW ORTHOPAEDIC168Elbow Orthopaedic Examination Flow Chart 169Elbow Palpation 170Elbow Range of Motion 178Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) 181Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer\u2019s Elbow) 185Ligamentous Instability 186Neuropathy/Compression Syndromes 1897 TESTS WRIST ORTHOPAEDIC195Wrist Orthopaedic Examination Flow Chart 196Wrist Palpation 197Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 207Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome 212Stenosing Tenosynovitis 213Carpal Instability 2148 HAND ORTHOPAEDIC TESTS 217Hand Palpation 218Joint Instability 222Joint Capsule Tests 224Tendon Instability 2269 TESTS THORACIC ORTHOPAEDIC230Thoracic Orthopaedic Examination Flow Chart 231Palpation 232Thoracic Range of Motion 239Scoliosis/Kyphosis Screening 242Thoracic Fractures 245Nerve Root Lesions 247Costovertebral Joint Ankylosis 25010 TESTS LUMBAR ORTHOPAEDIC252Lumbar Orthopaedic Examination Flow Chart 253Palpation 254Lumbar Range of Motion 260Joint Dysfunction Tests 263Lumbar Fractures 267Lumbar Nerve Root and Sciatic Nerve Irritation/Compression Tests 268Space-Occupying Lesions 289Differential Diagnosis: Lumbar versus Sacroiliac Involvement 29211 LESIONS LUMBAR NERVE ROOT298T12, L1, L2, L3 299L2, L3, L4 305L4 307L5 309S1 31312 TESTS SACROILIAC ORTHOPAEDIC316Sacroiliac Orthopaedic Examination Flow Chart 317Palpation 318Sacroiliac Sprain 320Piriformis Syndrome 325General Sacroiliac Joint Lesions 32813 TESTS HIP JOINT ORTHOPAEDIC333Hip Joint Orthopaedic Examination Flow Chart 334Palpation 335Hip Range of Motion 341Congenital Hip Dysplasia 347Hip Fractures 350Hip Contracture Tests 352General Hip Joint Lesions 35714 TESTS KNEE ORTHOPAEDIC362Knee Orthopaedic Examination Flow Chart 363Palpation 364Knee Range of Motion 375Meniscus Instability 377Plica Tests 388Ligamentous Instability 391Patellofemoral Dysfunction 401Knee Joint Effusion 40515 TESTS ANKLE ORTHOPAEDIC408Ankle Orthopaedic Examination Flow Chart 409Palpation 410Ankle Range of Motion 420Ligamentous Instability 424Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome 428Achilles Tendon Rupture 43016 TESTS MISCELLANEOUS ORTHOPAEDIC434Peripheral Arterial Insufficiency 435Deep Vein Thrombosis 437Somatosensory Amplification Assessment 438Meningeal Irritation and Inflammation 446Leg Measurements 44917 CRANIAL NERVES 451Olfactory Nerve (I) 453Optic Nerve (II) 454Ophthalmoscopic Examination 457Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nerves (III, IV, VI) 459Trigeminal Nerve (V) 462Facial Nerve (VII) 465Auditory Nerve (VIII) 468Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves (IX, X) 474Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI) 477Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) 47818 REFLEXES 480Pathological Upper Extremity Reflexes 481Pathological Lower Extremity Reflexes 485Superficial Cutaneous Reflexes 49019 TESTS CEREBELLAR FUNCTION493Upper Extremity 494Lower Extremity 499INDEX 503