Php in a Nutshell

The book not only provides a brief history of PHP and how programmers use it to generate web content, it also offers an objective analysis of PHP versus other languages-including a frank discussion of when it's best to use PHP and when another language, such as Perl, is a better idea. The reference section scrupulously documents variables, operators, functions and files, details methods for using PHP with databases, explores object- oriented programming, and discusses PHP and XML. Readers will also find in-depth coverage of networking and security issues. PHP in a Nutshell is the most complete treatment available for this increasingly popular language.

Paul Hudson, an avid PHP programmer, is Deputy Editor of the popular European Linux journal Linux Format, and author of the publication's PHP tutorial section. He is the author of Fedora 4 Unleashed and of the online book Practical PHP Programming available at http://www.hudzilla.org.

Preface

xi

Introduction to PHP

1

(10)

PHP History

1

(1)

Advantages of PHP

2

(2)

Getting Help

4

(3)

Getting Certified

7

(1)

PHP Resources

7

(4)

Installing PHP

11

(8)

Installing on Windows

11

(3)

Installing on Unix

14

(3)

Testing Your Configuration

17

(1)

System Configuration

17

(2)

The PHP Interpreter

19

(4)

Running PHP Scripts

19

(1)

Extending PHP

20

(1)

PEAR

21

(1)

Abnormal Script Termination

22

(1)

The PHP Language

23

(24)

The Basics of PHP

23

(1)

Variables

24

(2)

Whitespace

26

(1)

Heredoc

26

(1)

Brief Introduction to Variable Types

27

(1)

Code Blocks

27

(1)

Opening and Closing Code Islands

27

(1)

Comments

28

(1)

Conditional Statements

28

(2)

Case Switching

30

(1)

Loops

31

(3)

Infinite Loops

34

(1)

Special Loop Keywords

34

(1)

Loops Within Loops

35

(2)

Mixed-Mode Processing

37

(1)

Including Other Files

37

(2)

Functions

39

(8)

Variables and Constants

47

(32)

Types of Data

47

(1)

True or False

48

(1)

Strings

48

(1)

Integers

49

(1)

Floats

50

(1)

Automatic Type Conversion

51

(1)

Checking Whether a Variable Is Set: isset()

52

(1)

Variable Scope

52

(1)

Variable Variables

53

(1)

Superglobals

54

(1)

Using $_ENV and $_SERVER

55

(2)

References

57

(1)

Constants

58

(2)

Arrays

60

(19)

Operators

79

(10)

Arithmetic Operators

79

(1)

Assignment Operators

80

(1)

String Operators

81

(1)

Bitwise Operators

81

(1)

Comparison Operators

82

(1)

Incrementing and Decrementing Operators

83

(1)

Logical Operators

84

(1)

Some Operator Examples

85

(1)

The Ternary Operator

86

(1)

The Execution Operator

86

(1)

Operator Precedence and Associativity

87

(2)

Function Reference

89

(39)

Undocumented Functions

90

(1)

Handling Non-English Characters

90

(38)

Object-Oriented PHP

128

(29)

Conceptual Overview

128

(1)

Classes

129

(2)

Objects

131

(1)

Properties

132

(1)

The `this' Variable

133

(1)

Objects Within Objects

133

(1)

Access Control Modifiers

134

(6)

Object Type Information

140

(1)

Class Type Hints

141

(1)

Constructors and Destructors

142

(3)

Copying Objects

145

(1)

Comparing Objects with == and ===

146

(1)

Saving Objects

147

(1)

Magic Methods

148

(4)

Static Class Methods and Properties

152

(1)

Helpful Utility Functions

153

(1)

Interfaces

153

(3)

Dereferencing Object Return Values

156

(1)

HTML Forms

157

(13)

What Does It Mean to Be Dynamic?

158

(1)

Designing a Form

158

(4)

Handling Data

162

(4)

Splitting Forms Across Pages

166

(1)

Validating Input

166

(3)

Form Design

169

(1)

Summary

169

(1)

Cookies and Sessions

170

(11)

Cookies Versus Sessions

170

(1)

Using Cookies

171

(2)

Using Sessions

173

(6)

Storing Complex Data Types

179

(2)

Output Buffering

181

(9)

Why Use Output Buffering?

181

(1)

Getting Started

182

(1)

Reusing Buffers

182

(1)

Stacking Buffers

182

(1)

Flushing Stacked Buffers

183

(1)

Reading Buffers

184

(1)

Other OB Functions

185

(1)

Flushing Output

185

(2)

Compressing Output

187

(1)

URL Rewriting

188

(2)

Security

190

(5)

Security Tips

190

(2)

Encryption

192

(3)

Files

195

(21)

Reading Files

195

(4)

Creating and Changing Files

199

(1)

Moving, Copying, and Deleting Files

200

(2)

Other File Functions

202

(1)

Checking Whether a File Exists

203

(1)

Retrieving File Time Information

203

(1)

Dissecting Filename Information

204

(1)

Handling File Uploads

205

(1)

Locking Files with flock()

206

(2)

Reading File Permissions and Status

208

(1)

Changing File Permissions and Ownership

209

(1)

Working with Links

210

(1)

Working with Directories

210

(2)

Remote Files

212

(1)

File Checksums

213

(1)

Parsing a Configuration File

213

(3)

Databases

216

(18)

Using MySQL with PHP

216

(7)

PEAR:: DB

223

(5)

SQLite

228

(4)

Persistent Connections

232

(1)

MySQL Improved

233

(1)

Regular Expressions

234

(10)

Basic Regexps with preg_match() and preg_match_all()

234

(1)

Regexp Character Classes

235

(1)

Regexp Special Characters

236

(3)

Words and Whitespace Regexps

239

(1)

Storing Matched Strings

240

(1)

Regular Expression Replacements

240

(2)

Regular Expression Syntax Examples

242

(1)

The Regular Expressions Coach

243

(1)

Manipulating Images

244

(27)

Getting Started

244

(2)

Choosing a Format

246

(1)

Getting Arty

247

(1)

More Shapes

248

(2)

Complex Shapes

250

(1)

Outputting Text

251

(3)

Loading Existing Images

254

(1)

Color and Image Fills

255

(2)

Adding Transparency

257

(1)

Using Brushes

258

(2)

Basic Image Copying

260

(2)

Scaling and Rotating

262

(3)

Points and Lines

265

(2)

Special Effects Using imagefilter()

267

(2)

Interlacing an Image

269

(1)

Getting an Image's MIME Type

269

(2)

Creating PDFs

271

(6)

Getting Started

271

(2)

Adding More Pages and More Style

273

(1)

Adding Images

274

(1)

PDF Special Effects

275

(1)

Adding Document Data

275

(2)

Creating Flash

277

(7)

A Simple Movie

277

(2)

Flash Text

279

(1)

Actions

280

(2)

Animation

282

(2)

XML & XSLT

284

(9)

SimpleXML

284

(6)

Transforming XML Using XSLT

290

(3)

Network Programming

293

(20)

Sockets

293

(4)

HTTP

297

(3)

Sending Mail

300

(6)

Curl

306

(7)

Distributing Your Code

313

(4)

Cross-Platform Code 1: Loading Extensions

313

(1)

Cross-Platform Code 2: Using Extensions

314

(1)

Cross-Platform Code 3: Path and Line Separators

314

(1)

Cross-Platform Code 4: Coping with php.ini Differences

315

(1)

Cross-Platform Code 5: Checking the PHP Version with phpversion() and version_compare()

316

(1)

Debugging

317

(18)

The Most Basic Debugging Technique

317

(1)

Making Assertions

318

(2)

Triggering Your Own Errors

320

(1)

Testing with php_check_syntax()

321

(1)

Source Highlighting

321

(1)

Handling MySQL Errors

322

(1)

Exception Handling

323

(2)

Backtracing Your Code

325

(2)

Custom Error Handlers

327

(3)

Custom Exception Handlers

330

(1)

Using @ to Disable Errors

330

(1)

phpinfo()

331

(1)

Output Style

331

(4)

Performance

335

(4)

Write Your Code Sensibly

335

(1)

Use the Zend Optimizer

336

(1)

Use a PHP Code Cache

336

(1)

Compress Your Output

336

(1)

Don't Use CGI

337

(1)

Debug Your Code

337

(1)

Use Persistent Connections

337

(1)

Compile Right

337

(2)

Index

339

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Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials