Physics of Ferromagnetism

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ISBN: 9780198517764 | 0198517769
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 4/24/1997

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This textbook offers students and researchers an overview of the physical aspects of ferromagnetism. It emphasizes the explanations of physical concepts rather than rigorous theoretical treatments that require a more advanced background than is assumed here. The book includes recent developments and techniques in magnetics, and describes magnetic phenomena and engineering applications in magnetism.

Part I Classical Magnetism

(50)

1 MAGNETOSTATIC PHENOMENA

(30)

1.1 Magnetic moment

(4)

1.2 Magnetic materials and magnetization

(4)

1.3 Magnetization of ferromagnetic materials and demagnetizating fields

(6)

1.4 Magnetic circuit

(5)

1.5 Magnetostatic energy

(5)

1.6 Magnetic hysteresis

(4)

Problems

(1)

References

(1)

2 MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS

(20)

2.1 Production of magnetic fields

(6)

2.2 Measurement of magnetic fields

(3)

2.3 Measurement of magnetization

(7)

Problems

(1)

References

(4)

Part II Magnetism of Atoms

(54)

3 ATOMIC MAGNETIC MOMENTS

(31)

3.1 Structure of atoms

(6)

3.2 Vector model

(9)

3.3 Gyromagnetic effect and ferromagnetic resonance

(6)

3.4 Crystalline field and quenching of orbital angular momentum

(7)

Problems

(2)

References

(1)

4 MICROSCOPIC EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES

(23)

4.1 Nuclear magnetic moments and related experimental techniques

(9)

4.2 Neutron diffraction

(7)

4.3 Muon spin rotation (XXXSR)

100

(4)

Problems

104

(1)

References

104

(3)

Part III Magnetic Ordering

107

(56)

5 MAGNETIC DISORDER

107

(11)

5.1 Diamagnetism

107

(3)

5.2 Paramagnetism

110

(6)

Problems

116

(1)

References

117

(1)

6 FERROMAGNETISM

118

(16)

6.1 Weiss theory of ferromagnetism

118

(6)

6.2 Various statistical theories

124

(5)

6.3 Exchange interaction

129

(4)

Problems

133

(1)

References

133

(1)

7 ANTIFERROMAGNETISM AND FERRIMAGNETISM

134

(29)

7.1 Antiferromagnetism

134

(8)

7.2 Ferrimagnetism

142

(6)

7.3 Helimagnetism

148

(3)

7.4 Parasitic ferromagnetism

151

(2)

7.5 Mictomagnetism and spin glasses

153

(5)

Problems

158

(1)

References

159

(4)

Part IV Magnetic Behavior and Structure of Materials

163

(86)

8 MAGNETISM OF METALS AND ALLOYS

163

(34)

8.1 Band structure of metals and their magnetic behavior

163

(10)

8.2 Magnetism of 3d transition metals and alloys

173

(8)

8.3 Magnetism of rare earth metals

181

(7)

8.4 Magnetism of intermetallic compounds

188

(5)

Problems

193

(1)

References

193

(4)

9 MAGNETISM OF FERRIMAGNETIC OXIDES

197

(25)

9.1 Crystal and magnetic structure of oxides

197

(2)

9.2 Magnetism of spinel-type oxides

199

(8)

9.3 Magnetism of rare earth iron garnets

207

(3)

9.4 Magnetism of hexagonal magnetoplumbite-type oxides

210

(5)

9.5 Magnetism of other magnetic oxides

215

(5)

Problems

220

(1)

References

220

(2)

10 MAGNETISM OF COMPOUNDS

222

(17)

10.1 3d Transition versus IIIb Group magnetic compounds

223

(3)

10.2 3d-IVb Group magnetic compounds

226

(2)

10.3 3d-Vb Group magnetic compounds

228

(4)

10.4 3d-VIb Group magnetic compounds

232

(2)

10.5 3d-VIIb (halogen) Group magnetic compounds

234

(1)

10.6 Rare earth compounds

235

(1)

Problems

236

(1)

References

236

(3)

11 MAGNETISM OF AMORPHOUS MATERIALS

239

(10)

11.1 Magnetism of 3d transition metal-base amorphous materials

240

(3)

11.2 Magnetism of 3d transition plus rare earth amorphous alloys

243

(1)

Problem

244

(2)

References

245

(4)

Part V Magnetic Anisotropy and Magnetostriction

249

(138)

12 MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY

249

(50)

12.1 Phenemenology of magnetocrystalline anisotropy

249

(7)

12.2 Methods for measuring magnetic anisotropy

256

(10)

12.3 Mechanism of magnetic anisotropy

266

(8)

12.4 Experimental data

274

(22)

Problems

296

(1)

References

296

(3)

13 INDUCED MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY

299

(44)

13.1 Magnetic annealing effect

299

(10)

13.2 Roll magnetic anisotropy

309

(9)

13.3 Induced magnetic anisotropy associated with crystallographic transformations

318

(11)

13.4 Other induced magnetic anisotropies

329

(10)

Problems

339

(1)

References

339

(4)

14 MAGNETOSTRICTION

343

(44)

14.1 Phenomenology of magnetostriction

343

(6)

14.2 Mechanism of magnetostriction

349

(8)

14.3 Measuring technique

357

(2)

14.4 Experimental data

359

(4)

14.5 Volume magnetostriction and anomalous thermal expansion

363

(13)

14.6 Magnetic anisotropy caused by magnetostriction

376

(3)

14.7 Elastic anomaly and magnetostriction

379

(2)

Problems

381

(1)

References

381

(6)

Part VI Domain Structures

387

(80)

15 OBSERVATION OF DOMAIN STRUCTURES

387

(20)

15.1 History of domain observations and powder-pattern method

387

(6)

15.2 Magneto-optical method

393

(1)

15.3 Lorentz electron microscopy

394

(2)

15.4 Scanning electron microscopy

396

(5)

15.5 X-ray topography

401

(1)

15.6 Electron holography

402

(3)

References

405

(2)

16 SPIN DISTRIBUTION AND DOMAIN WALLS

407

(26)

16.1 Micromagnetics

407

(4)

16.2 Domain walls

411

(6)

16.3 180(XXX) walls

417

(5)

16.4 90(XXX) walls

422

(6)

16.5 Special-type domain walls

428

(4)

Problems

432

(1)

References

432

(1)

17 MAGNETIC DOMAIN STRUCTURES

433

(34)

17.1 Magnetostatic energy of domain structures

433

(6)

17.2 Size of magnetic domains

439

(6)

17.3 Bubble domains

445

(5)

17.4 Stripe domains

450

(3)

17.5 Domain structure of fine particles

453

(4)

17.6 Domain structures in non-ideal ferromagnets

457

(6)

Problems

463

(1)

References

464

(3)

Part VII Magnetization Processes

467

(118)

18 TECHNICAL MAGNETIZATION

467

(51)

18.1 Magnetization curve and domain distribution

467

(13)

18.2 Domain wall displacement

480

(11)

18.3 Magnetization rotation

491

(7)

18.4 Rayleigh loop

498

(5)

18.5 Law of approach to saturation

503

(6)

18.6 Shape of hysteresis loop

509

(7)

Problems

516

(1)

References

516

(2)

19 SPIN PHASE TRANSITION

518

(19)

19.1 Metamagnetic magnetization processes

518

(3)

19.2 Spin flop in ferrimagnetism

521

(8)

19.3 High-field magnetization process

529

(4)

19.4 Spin reorientation

533

(2)

Problems

535

(1)

References

536

(1)

20 DYNAMIC MAGNETIZATION PROCESSES

537

(48)

20.1 Magnetic after-effect

537

(14)

20.2 Eddy current loss

551

(5)

20.3 High-frequency characteristics of magnetization

556

(6)

20.4 Spin dynamics

562

(5)

20.5 Ferro-, ferri-, and antiferro-magnetic resonance

567

(7)

20.6 Equation of motion for domain walls

574

(6)

Problems

580

(1)

References

581

(4)

Part VIII Associated Phenomena and Engineering Applications

585

(30)

21 VARIOUS PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH MAGNETIZATION

585

(15)

21.1 Magnetothermal effects

585

(5)

21.2 Magnetoelectric effects

590

(6)

21.3 Magneto-optical phenomena

596

(2)

References

598

(2)

22 ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS

600

(15)

22.1 Soft magnetic materials

600

(5)

22.2 Hard magnetic materials

605

(3)

22.3 Magnetic memory and memory materials

608

(5)

References

613

(2)

Solutions to problems

615

(13)

Appendix 1. Symbols used in the text

628

(3)

Appendix 2. Conversion of various units of energy

631

(1)

Appendix 3. Important physical constants

632

(1)

Appendix 4. Periodic table of elements and magnetic elements

633

(5)

Appendix 5. Conversion of magnetic quantities - MKSA and CGS systems

638

(1)

Appendix 6. Conversion of various units for magnetic field

639

(2)

Material index

641

(8)

Subject index

649

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Physics of Ferromagnetism

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials