Pius XII, the Holocaust, and the Cold War

Using newly available material from the U.S. National Archives, Michael Phayer sheds new light on the actions of the Vatican and of the man whom some have mistakenly called "Hitler's Pope." As a new world war loomed, the Vatican believed it had to make a choice between communism and Nazism. Reluctantly, both Pius XII and his predecessor chose the Nazis as the lesser of two evils. In the balance rested the genocide of European Jews. As difficult as his wartime behavior is to accept, perhaps nothing demonstrates Pius's fear of communism more than his misguided and unethical attempt to thwart its growth in South America by abetting the escape of Nazis and Ustai war criminals. The story of these Vatican "ratlines" adds another facet to the complex picture of Pius XII and the Holocaust.

Michael Phayer, a recognized authority on the Catholic Church and the Holocaust, is Emeritus Professor of History at Marquette University and the Ida E. King Distinguished Visiting Scholar of Holocaust Studies at the Richard Stockton College of New Jersey. He is author of The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930-1965 (IUP, 2000). He lives in Columbia, Maryland.

Preface	p. ix
Introduction	p. xi
Eugenio Pacelli: 1900 to 1942	p. 1
The Genocides of Polish Catholics and Polish Jews	p. 17
Pius XII's 1942 Christmas Message: Genocide Decried	p. 42
1943: Pius XII Reverses Course	p. 65
Papal Capitalism during World War II	p. 96
The First Cold War Warrior	p. 134
The Origin of the Vatican Ratlines	p. 173
Bishop Hudal's Ratline	p. 195
Looted Gold and the Vatican	p. 208
Ante Pavelic: War Criminal, Murderer, and Defender of the Faith	p. 220
The Biggest Ratline	p. 231
An Obsession with Communism	p. 252
Notes	p. 269
Bibliography	p. 319
Index	p. 327
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Pius XII, the Holocaust, and the Cold War

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