Plant Roots Growth, Activity and Interactions

The root system is a vital part of the plant, and understanding roots and their functioning is therefore key to agricultural, plant and soil scientists.

Professor Peter Gregory is internationally known and respected for his work on roots and is Director of the Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, UK.

Preface

ix

Plants, Roots and the Soil

1

(17)

The evolution of roots

2

(3)

Functional interdependence of roots and shoots

5

(5)

Balanced growth of roots and shoots

5

(2)

Communication between roots and shoots

7

(3)

Roots and the soil

10

(8)

The root--soil interface

10

(3)

Root-induced soil processes

13

(5)

Roots and the Architecture of Root Systems

18

(27)

Nomenclature and types of root

18

(3)

Root structure

21

(5)

Primary structure

22

(3)

Secondary structure

25

(1)

Extension and branching

26

(6)

Extension

26

(2)

Branching

28

(1)

Root hairs

29

(3)

The root tip

32

(5)

The root cap and border cells

32

(2)

Mucilage

34

(3)

Architecture of root systems

37

(8)

Development and Growth of Root Systems

45

(35)

Measurement of root systems

45

(7)

Washed soil cores

45

(4)

Rhizotrons and minirhizotrons

49

(3)

Other techniques

52

(1)

Root system development

52

(2)

Size and distribution of root systems

54

(10)

Mass and length

54

(5)

Depth of rooting

59

(2)

Distribution of roots

61

(3)

Root:shoot allocation of dry matter

64

(1)

Root longevity and turnover

65

(3)

Modelling of root systems

68

(12)

The Functioning Root System

80

(51)

Root anchorage

80

(9)

Uprooting

81

(3)

Overturning

84

(5)

Water uptake

89

(19)

The concept of water potential

90

(1)

The soil--plant--atmosphere continuum

91

(12)

Water uptake by plant root systems

103

(5)

Nutrient uptake

108

(23)

Nutrient requirements of plants and the availability of nutrients

108

(1)

Nutrient movement in soil solution

109

(4)

Nutrient uptake and movement across the root

113

(5)

Nutrient uptake by root systems

118

(13)

Roots and the Physico-Chemical Environment

131

(43)

Temperature

131

(6)

Root development and growth

132

(4)

Root orientation

136

(1)

Other root functions

137

(1)

Gravity and other tropistic responses

137

(5)

Gravisensing and the response of roots

138

(1)

Phototropism, hydrotropism and thigmotropism

139

(3)

Soil mechanical properties

142

(7)

Root elongation and mechanical impedance

143

(2)

Root responses to mechanical impedance

145

(4)

Roots and soil structure

149

(1)

Soil pores and their contents

149

(7)

Soil water

150

(2)

Soil aeration

152

(1)

Waterlogging and aerenchyma

153

(3)

The soil chemical environment

156

(8)

Plant nutrients

156

(5)

Low pH and aluminium

161

(2)

Salinity

163

(1)

Atmospheric CO2 concentration

164

(10)

Roots and the Biological Environment

174

(42)

Interactions of roots with soil organisms

174

(11)

Root-rhizosphere communication

174

(3)

Interactions with bacteria

177

(5)

Interactions with fungi

182

(1)

Interactions with protozoa

182

(1)

Interactions with nematodes and mesofauna

183

(2)

Symbiotic associations

185

(16)

Rhizobia and N fixation

185

(4)

Mycorrhizas

189

(12)

Root pathogens and parasitic associations

201

(8)

Fungal diseases

201

(1)

Nematodes

202

(3)

Parasitic weeds

205

(4)

Root herbivory by insects

209

(7)

The Rhizosphere

216

(37)

Rhizodeposition

216

(6)

Quantities of rhizodeposits

217

(3)

Composition of rhizodeposits

220

(1)

Nitrogen rhizodeposits

221

(1)

Chemical changes affecting nutrient acquisition

222

(22)

Rhizosolution composition and replenishment

223

(4)

Changes in pH

227

(11)

Changes in redox conditions

238

(3)

Root exudates and phytosiderophores

241

(2)

Enzyme activity

243

(1)

Physical changes in the rhizosphere

244

(9)

Bulk density and porosity

244

(2)

Water

246

(7)

Genetic Control of Root System Properties

253

(33)

Genotypic differences in root systems

253

(14)

Size and architecture

254

(6)

Functional properties

260

(7)

Genetics of root systems

267

(8)

Genetic control of root development and growth

267

(4)

Genetic control of root properties

271

(4)

Breeding better root systems

275

(11)

Use of markers and QTL

277

(9)

Root Systems as Management Tools

286

(23)

Optimal root systems and competition for resources

286

(2)

Intercropping and agroforestry

288

(8)

Crop rotations

296

(8)

Biological drilling

297

(1)

Utilization of subsoil water

298

(2)

Allelopathy

300

(2)

Biofumigation by brassicas

302

(2)

Phytoremediation

304

(5)

Index

309

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Plant Roots Growth, Activity and Interactions with the Soil

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

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Plant Roots Growth, Activity and Interactions with the Soil

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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