Plant-Derived Antimycotics: Current Trends and Future Prospects

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ISBN: 9781560229261 | 1560229268
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 6/6/2003

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Here is a comprehensive and innovative examination of the antimycotic potential of essential plant oils and extracts against fungal infections affecting humans, animals, plants, and foodstuffs. Plant-Derived Antimycotics looks at antifungal compounds that strengthen plant-defense systems, traditional herbs that have revealed their antifungal properties, newer, faster methods of screening and evaluating antifungal drugs, new bioactive antifungal molecules, and much more. The Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients says that this book "BRINGS THE READER UP-TO-DATE on this dynamic field of inquiry that is taking place worldwide. . . . Consolidates diverse research and presents it in a way that will surely pique the interest of researchers and accelerate further investigation."

About the Editors

xiii

Contributors

Foreword

xxi

Alessandro Bruni

Preface

xxiii

The Need for New Antifungal Drugs: Screening for Antifungal Compounds with a Selective Mode of Action with Emphasis on the Inhibitors of the Fungal Cell Wall

(48)

Susana A. Zacchino

Rosendo A. Yunes

Valdir Cechinel Filho

R. Daniel Enriz

Vladimir Kouznetsov

Juan C. Ribas

Introduction

(2)

Drugs of Clinical Importance: Benefits and Drawbacks

(5)

Trends in the Search for New Antifungal Agents

(7)

Current Methods for the Detection of Fungal Cell Wall Inhibitors

(5)

Detection of New Antifungal Compounds with Inhibitory Capacity of Fungal Cell Wall Synthesis

(14)

Conclusions

(1)

Future Directions in the Discovery of New Antifungal Agents

(15)

Natural Antimycotics from Croatian Plants

(32)

Stjepan Pepeljnjak

Ivan Kosalec

Zdenka Kalodera

Danica Kustrak

Introduction

(1)

Biologically Active Components of Plant Species

(2)

Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils

(1)

Methods of Antimicrobial Investigation

(7)

Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils and Plant Extracts

(10)

Experimental Treatment of Mycosis with Natural Antimycotics

(3)

Conclusions

(8)

Antimycotic Activity of the Members of Meliaceae

(36)

Maria Cecilia Carpinella

Carlos Guillermo Ferrayoli

Maria Sara Palacios

Introduction

(2)

Azadirachta indica A. Juss

(17)

Melia azedarach L.

100

(9)

Other Meliaceae Members with Fungitoxic Properties

109

(8)

Plant-Derived Extracts and Preparations As Antimycotics

117

(28)

Tadeusz Wolski

Kazimierz Glowniak

Introduction

117

(4)

Materials and Methods

121

(2)

Microbiological Examinations

123

(1)

Clinical Studies

124

(1)

Results

125

(10)

Discussion

135

(3)

Conclusions

138

(7)

Dermatophytes As a Tool in the Discovery of New Natural Substances to Be Used As Antimycotics: Use of Microsporum cookei As a Vehicle for Reflections on the Protoanemonin Action Mechanism

145

(20)

Donatella Mares

Introduction

145

(3)

The Techniques

148

(2)

Microsporum cookei (= Nannizzia cajetani) As a Primary Test Dermatophyte

150

(5)

Mechanism of Action

155

(6)

Conclusions

161

(1)

Future Directions

162

(3)

Plant-Derived Antimycotics: Potential of Asteraceous Plants

165

(32)

Mahendra Rai

Deepak Acharya

Prasad Wadegaonkar

Introduction

165

(9)

Antifungal Potential of Some Important Asteraceous Plants

174

(6)

Sesquiterpenes As Antimycotics

180

(4)

Mechanism of Action

184

(1)

Conclusions and Future Perspectives

185

(12)

Recent Advances in the Search for Antimycotic Activity in South American Plants

197

(16)

Elena Mongelli

Introduction

197

(2)

Isolation of Antifungal Compounds from Plants

199

(1)

Searching for Antimycotic Activity in South American Plants

200

(8)

Conclusions and Future Directions

208

(5)

Current State and Future Directions in Plant-Derived Antimycotics

213

(16)

P.G. Latha

Acham Abraham

S.R. Suja

S. Rajasekharan

Introduction

213

(1)

Existing Assays for Detecting Antifungal Compounds

214

(5)

The Most Important Antifungal Compounds from Plants

219

(4)

Conclusion

223

(6)

Plant Screening for Light-Activated Antifungal Activity

229

(28)

Olivia de Matos

Candido P. Pinto Ricardo

Introduction

229

(1)

Antifungal Activity in Plant Extracts

230

(5)

Techniques

235

(7)

Characterization of the Bioactive Compounds

242

(7)

Conclusions and Perspectives

249

(8)

Antifungal Saponins from White Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) Bottoms and Their Physiological Role in the Plant Defense System

257

(22)

Makoto Shimoyamada

Shigeki Nakashima

Kyoko Nakashima

Kazuyoshi Okubo

Kenji Watanabe

Introduction

257

(1)

Techniques

258

(3)

Antifungal Activity of Saponin Fraction from White Asparagus Bottom Cut

261

(7)

Antifungal Activities of Asparagus Saponins and Saponin Fraction Obtained from Fresh White Asparagus Plant

268

(2)

Relationship Between Structures and Antifungal Activities of Asparagus Saponins

270

(2)

Antifungal Activities of White Asparagus and Physiological Role of Saponin in the Plant Defense System

272

(2)

Conclusion and Future Directions

274

(5)

Activity of Plant Extracts, Essential Oils, and Pure Compounds Against Fungi Contaminating Foodstuffs and Causing Infections in Human Beings and Animals: A Six-Year Experience (1995-2000)

279

(28)

Guido Flamini

Pier Luigi Cioni

Introduction

279

(1)

Activity on Foodstuffs

280

(4)

Activity Against Yeasts (Candida albicans and Aspergillusniger)

284

(5)

Veterinary Parasites

289

(8)

Conclusions and Future Directions

297

(10)

Antimycotic Activity of Essential Oils: The Possibility of Using New Bioactive Products Derived from Plants

307

(36)

K.P. Svoboda

S.K. Kyle

J.B. Hampson

G. Ruzickova

S. Brocklehurst

Introduction

307

(3)

Biological Activity of Volatile Oils

310

(1)

Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Oils

311

(5)

The Brine Shrimp Bioassay---A Simple Method for Testing of Volatile Oil Toxicity

316

(4)

Case Studies

320

(12)

Conclusions on Fungicidal Bioactivity of Essential Oils

332

(4)

The Future of Molecular Plant Pathology---Gene Expression

336

(7)

Antimycotic Potential in Some Naturally Occurring Essential Oils

343

(14)

A.K. Pandey

Mahendra Rai

Introduction

343

(1)

Cymbopogon winterianus (Citronella)

344

(2)

Turmeric Oil

346

(1)

Eucalyptus Oil

346

(2)

Screening for Antifungal Activity

348

(3)

Conclusion and Future Prospects

351

(6)

Antimycotic Essential Oils: Impact on Skin Microflora

357

(10)

Jean-Pierre Chaumont

Introduction

357

(1)

The Techniques

358

(1)

Impact of Essential Oils on Skin Microflora

359

(5)

Conclusions

364

(3)

Antimycotic Potential in Plants of Central and West Africa

367

(10)

Jean-Pierre Chaumont

Introduction

367

(1)

Central Africa: Cameroon, Republic of Congo, and Zaire

368

(2)

Western Africa: Togo and Benin

370

(3)

Conclusion

373

(4)

Antimycotic Principles of Pentanema indicum (L.) Ling

377

(6)

Saradha Vasanth

Mahendra Rai

Introduction

377

(1)

Morphology

378

(1)

Chemistry

378

(2)

The Test Organisms

380

(1)

Vicolides As Potent Antimycotics

380

(3)

Rapid Test Methods for Evaluation of Antifungal Activity

383

(10)

Lennart Gip

Christina Gip

Introduction

383

(1)

The Techniques

384

(6)

Benefits

390

(3)

A New Technique for the Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of an Alcohol Extract of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunberg on Penicillium digitatum

393

(6)

Carlo Romagnoli

Gianni Sacchetti

Introduction

393

(1)

The Technique

394

(3)

Discussion and Conclusion

397

(2)

Palestinian Plants As a Source of Antimycotics

399

(30)

M.S. Ali-Shtayeh

Rabee A. G. Zayed

Rana M. F. Jamous

Introduction

399

(1)

Major Groups of Antimycotic Compounds from Plants

400

(1)

Plants Used in Folk Medicine in Palestine for the Treatment of Skin Diseases and Ailments: An Ethnobotanical Study

401

(7)

Review of Recent Experimental Studies on Antimycotic Activity of Some Plants Used for the Treatment of Skin Diseases in Palestinian Folkloric Medicine

408

(4)

Experimental Work on Antimycotic Activity of Some Plants from Palestine

412

(9)

Traditional Medicine As a Source of Antifungals

421

(2)

Conclusions

423

(6)

Native Use of Herbal Drugs for Treatment of Skin Diseases in Nepal

429

(12)

Narayan Prasad Manandhar

Introduction

429

(1)

Collection of Ethnobotanical Information

430

(1)

Enumeration of Plants

430

(6)

Diversity of Plants Used in the Treatment of Skin Infections

436

(1)

Conclusions

437

(1)

Future Prospects

438

(3)

The Antimycotic Potential of Fijian Plants

441

(18)

Kannoth Panicker Sreekumar

Subramaniam Sotheeswaran

Introduction

441

(1)

List of Plants Showing Antimycotic Activity

442

(1)

Antimycotic Activity of Plants

443

(14)

Conclusions

457

(2)

Triterpenic Glycosides---Their Isolation Methods and Antifungal Activities

459

(38)

Suheyla Kirmizigul

Introduction

459

(1)

Techniques

460

(1)

Glycosides As a Pharmacodynamic Group

461

(7)

Antifungal Activity

468

(1)

Conclusion

469

(1)

Future Directions

470

(27)

Structure, Function, and Biological Activity of Rice Phytoalexins and Elicitors

497

(28)

Jinichiro Koga

Introduction

497

(2)

Phytoalexins

499

(6)

Elicitors

505

(8)

Conclusions

513

(1)

Future Perspectives

513

(12)

Antifungal Agents from Traditional Chinese Medicines Against Rice Blast Fungus Pyricularia oryzae Cavara

525

(26)

Ke Hu

Aijun Dong

Hisayoshi Kobayashi

Shigeo Iwasaki

Xinsheng Yao

Introduction

525

(3)

Active TCM Extracts Against P. oryzae

528

(9)

Antifungal Compounds 1-14 from D. collettii var. hypoglauca Against P. oryzae

537

(4)

Antifungal Compounds 15-17 from S. nigrum Against P. oryzae

541

(1)

Antifungal Compounds 18-23 from W. indica Against P. oryzae

542

(2)

Conclusion

544

(7)

Index

551

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Plant-Derived Antimycotics: Current Trends and Future Prospects

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Plant-Derived Antimycotics: Current Trends and Future Prospects

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