Plumer's Principles & Practice of Intravenous Therapy

, by Weinstein, Sharon M.; Plumer, Ada Lawrence

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ISBN: 9780397553112 | 0397553110
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 11/1/1996

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Part I Practice of Intravenous Therapy

(46)

History of Intravenous Therapy

(4)

Early History

(1)

Twentieth-Century Advances

(1)

The Nursing Role

(2)

Risk Reduction and Quality Improvement

(11)

Legal Implications

(2)

Guidelines

(3)

Placement of the Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter

(1)

Risk Management

(1)

Quality Assurance

(2)

Quality Improvement

(3)

Organization of an Intravenous Department

(13)

Intravenous Nursing Teams

(1)

Leadership

(1)

Philosophy and Objectives

(1)

Functions of the Department

(5)

Didactic Program

(5)

Impact of Cost Containment on Infusion Teams

(2)

Nursing Role and Responsibilities

(11)

Standards of Practice

(1)

Nursing Care Plan

(1)

Assessment

(1)

Initiation

(1)

Site Selection

(1)

Cannula Selection

(1)

Hair Removal

(1)

Site Preparation

(1)

Cannula Placement

(1)

Intravenous Administration Set Change

(2)

Intravenous Containers

(1)

Dressing Changes

(1)

Ambulating the Patient

(1)

Frequent Observation

(3)

Monitoring

(1)

Documentation

(1)

Discontinuation of Therapy and Cannula Removal

(2)

Cost Factors Associated With Infusion Therapy

(5)

Managed Care

(1)

Impact of Managed Care on Infusion Therapy

(4)

Part II Principles of Venipuncture

(88)

Anatomy and Physiology Applied to Intravascular Therapy

(9)

Anatomy and Physiology

(1)

The Vascular System

(5)

The Skin

(1)

Superficial Fascia

(2)

Techniques of Intravenous Therapy

(26)

Approach to the Patient

(1)

Selecting the Vein

(3)

Selecting the Cannula

(2)

Securing An Appropriate Environment

(1)

Venous Distention

(1)

Preparation

(1)

Procedure

(3)

Anchoring the Device

(1)

Application of Dressings

(2)

Other Techniques

(3)

Hypodermoclysis

(1)

Phlebotomy

(8)

Complications

(27)

Local Complications

(4)

Systemic Complications

(5)

Intravenous-Associated Infections

(1)

Sources of Bacteria

(2)

Factors Influencing the Survival of Bacteria

(3)

Factors Contributing to Infection

(4)

Care of the Venous Access Device

102

(1)

Intravenous-Associated Infections

103

(1)

Particulate Matter

104

(3)

Culturing

107

(1)

Practice Setting

108

(3)

Laboratory Tests

111

(24)

Venous Sampling

112

(2)

The Vacuum System

114

(1)

Peripheral Venipunctures

114

(2)

Central Venipunctures

116

(1)

Initiating an Infusion

116

(1)

Common Laboratory Tests

117

(5)

Measurements of Electrolyte Concentration

122

(2)

Venous Blood Measurements of Acid-Base Balance

124

(1)

Enzymes

125

(2)

Transaminase

127

(1)

Liver Function Tests

127

(2)

Kidney Function Tests

129

(1)

Blood Sugar Tests

130

(1)

Blood Typing

131

(4)

Part III Principles of Equipment Selection and Clinical Applications

135

(150)

Intravenous Equipment

137

(41)

Solution Containers

137

(1)

Delivery Systems

138

(1)

Administration Sets

139

(4)

Rate of Flow

143

(6)

Intravenous Accessories

149

(1)

Final Intravenous Filters

149

(4)

Latex Injection Ports

153

(1)

Needleless Systems

153

(1)

Peripheral Vascular Access Devices

154

(5)

Catheter Materials

159

(1)

Electronic Infusion Devices

160

(2)

Ambulatory Infusion Devices

162

(1)

Therapy-Specific Devices

163

(12)

ECRI and General Purpose Infusion Pumps

175

(1)

Product Selection and Evaluation

176

(2)

Central Venous Catheterization

178

(27)

Vascular Anatomy

178

(3)

Central Venous Pressure

181

(2)

Central Venous Pressure Monitoring

183

(3)

Approach to the Patient

186

(1)

Central Venous Cannulation

187

(1)

Insertion Sites

188

(1)

Central Insertion

188

(1)

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters

189

(5)

Peripheral Port

194

(1)

Complications of Central Venous Catheterization

195

(10)

Advanced Vascular Access

205

(55)

Devices

205

(1)

Catheter Materials

206

(1)

Bonded Catheters

207

(1)

Catheter Designs

208

(7)

Specialty Devices

215

(12)

Tunneled Catheters

227

(1)

Implanted Ports

228

(9)

Implanted Pumps

237

(4)

Intraosseous Access

241

(4)

Ventricular Reservoirs

245

(1)

Troubleshooting/Applicable Standards

246

(1)

Catheter Declotting

246

(1)

Catheter Repair

247

(2)

Catheter Site Care

249

(2)

Catheter Maintenance

251

(1)

Standards of Practice

252

(1)

Recommendations for Nursing Practice

252

(8)

Intra-arterial Therapy

260

(25)

Purpose

260

(1)

One-Time Arterial Blood Gas Sampling

261

(5)

Indwelling Arterial Catheter

266

(3)

Constant Arterial Pressure Monitoring

269

(3)

Swan-Ganz Catheters

272

(2)

Parameters

274

(4)

Primary Acid--Base Imbalances

278

(3)

Mixed Acid--Base Imbalances

281

(4)

Part IV Application of Intravenous Therapy for Homeostasis

285

(246)

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

287

(30)

Overview of Physiology

287

(1)

Fluid Content of the Body

288

(2)

Composition of Body Fluid

290

(4)

Homeostatic Mechanisms

294

(2)

Electrolytes of Biologic Fluids

296

(4)

Objectives of Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy

300

(3)

Electrolyte and Fluid Disturbances---Patient-Specific Approaches

303

(14)

Principles of Parenteral Fluid Administration

317

(28)

Parenteral Fluids

317

(3)

Dextrose in Water

320

(3)

Isotonic Sodium Chloride Infusions

323

(1)

Isotonic Saline With Dextrose

324

(1)

Hypertonic Sodium Chloride Infusions

325

(1)

Hypotonic Sodium Chloride in Water

326

(1)

Hydrating Fluids

326

(1)

Hypotonic Multiple-Electrolyte Fluids

327

(1)

Isotonic Multiple-Electrolyte Fluids

328

(1)

Alkalizing Fluids

329

(1)

Acidifying Infusions

330

(1)

Evaluation of Water and Electrolyte Balance

331

(5)

Clinical Disturbances of Water and Electrolyte Metabolism

336

(9)

Parenteral Nutrition

345

(44)

History

345

(1)

Indications

346

(1)

Nutritional Assessment

346

(8)

Nutritional Requirements

354

(4)

Total Parenteral Nutrition Solutions

358

(4)

Vascular Access

362

(4)

Parenteral Nutrition Administration

366

(4)

Nursing Management

370

(3)

Complications

373

(9)

Home Parenteral Nutrition

382

(2)

Summary

384

(5)

Transfusion Therapy

389

(31)

Basic Immunohematology

390

(1)

Mechanism of Immune Response

391

(1)

Mechanism of Red Blood Cell Destruction

392

(1)

Blood Group Systems

392

(1)

Pretransfusion Testing

393

(1)

Anticoagulants--Preservatives

394

(1)

Whole Blood

394

(2)

Red Blood Cell Components

396

(3)

Plasma

399

(5)

Blood Administration

404

(3)

Transfusion Reactions

407

(8)

Autologous Transfusions

415

(2)

Directed Donations

417

(3)

Drug Administration

420

(19)

Advantages of the IV Route

420

(1)

Hazards

421

(1)

Pharmacokinetics

421

(2)

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

423

(1)

Incompatibilities

424

(2)

PH and Its Role in Drug Stability

426

(1)

Vascular Irritation

426

(1)

Approved Drug Lists

427

(1)

The Physician's Responsibility

428

(1)

Admixture

428

(3)

Drug Delivery Systems

431

(2)

Important Checkpoints in IV Drug Administration

433

(1)

Drug Calculations

434

(2)

Expiration Dates

436

(1)

Administration of Investigational Drugs

436

(3)

Pain Management

439

(24)

Acute Pain

439

(2)

Chronic Pain

441

(1)

Opioids

441

(1)

Intravenous Patient--Controlled Analgesia

442

(2)

Subcutaneous Narcotic Infusions

444

(1)

Intraspinal Analgesia

445

(8)

Staff Education

453

(7)

Documentation

460

(3)

Antineoplastic Therapy

463

(68)

Education

464

(9)

Chemotherapeutic Agents

473

(38)

Controversial Issues

511

(4)

Complications

515

(16)

Part V Special Applications of Intravenous Therapy

531

(77)

Pediatric Intravenous Therapy

533

(47)

Preliminary Considerations

535

(1)

Emotional Considerations

536

(1)

Preparation for Venipuncture

537

(2)

Peripheral and Central Intravenous Access

539

(2)

Intravenous Insertion Techniques

541

(18)

Pediatric Intravenous Therapies

559

(16)

Alternative Site Pediatric IV Therapy

575

(1)

Summary of Pediatric Care

576

(4)

Intravenous Therapy in an Older Adult Patient

580

(7)

An Aging Population

580

(2)

Patient Assessment

582

(1)

Considerations in Providing Intravenous Therapy

583

(4)

Alternate Site Therapy

587

(21)

Growth of Home Care

587

(1)

Home Infusion Programs

587

(1)

Nursing Support

588

(1)

The Pharmacist

588

(1)

Policies and Procedures

589

(1)

Staff Development

590

(2)

Home Infusion Therapies

592

(3)

Candidates for Home Infusion

595

(5)

Plan of Treatment

600

(1)

Selecting a Home Infusion Provider

600

(1)

Equipment Needs

601

(3)

Compliance

604

(1)

Patient's Role in Home Care

604

(1)

Infectious Waste Management

604

(1)

Reimbursement

604

(1)

Infusion Therapy Centers

605

(3)

Appendix A Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse-Delivered Therapies

608

(3)

Appendix B Standards of Practice: Nutrition Support Nurse

611

(5)

Appendix C Standards of Practice: Standards for Home Nutrition Support

616

(9)

Appendix D ASHP Therapeutic Position Statement on the Institutional Use of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection to Maintain Patency of Peripheral Indwelling Intermittent Infusion Devices

625

(4)

Glossary

629

(5)

Answers to Questions

634

(3)

Index

637

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Plumer's Principles & Practice of Intravenous Therapy

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials