Pocket Guide to Clinical Microbiology

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ISBN: 9781555811372 | 155581137X
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 9/1/1998

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Completely revised, updated and expanded, the Pocket Guide to Clinical Microbiology, 2nd edition will help laboratory associates quickly locate answers to the most commonly asked questions they encounter in their daily business. This pocket-sized resource for clinical microbiologists offers immediate access to essential information needed in lab work. The author has organized the information in this book to follow the lab process - from differential diagnosis to specimen collection, transport, and processing and then to identification, susceptibility testing, immunodiagnostic testing, and finally, reportable diseases. Each major group of microbes - bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites - is discussed comprehensively in the individual sections. As an added feature, the Pocket Guide presents a uniform approach to the taxonomy of the organisms, clearly showing the relationships among the many clinically relevant microbes. This unique reference presents its valuable data in charts, diagrams, and figures, making it a very easy-to-use, time-saving resource.

Preface

xiii

SECTION 1 Taxonomic Classification of Medically Important Microorganisms

(20)

General Comments

(1)

Taxonomic Classification of Bacteria

(7)

Taxonomic Classification of Human Viruses

(4)

Taxonomic Classification of Fungi

(3)

Taxonomic Classification of Parasites

(5)

SECTION 2 Indigenous and Pathogenic Microbes of Humans

(60)

General Comments

(2)

Table 2.1 Human Indigenous Flora

(13)

Microbes Responsible for Human Disease

(18)

Arthropod Vectors of Medically Important Diseases

(3)

Table 2.2 Fungal Pathogens and Geographic Distribution

(11)

Table 2.3 Parasitic Pathogens and Geographic Distribution

(12)

SECTION 3 Specimen Collection and Transport

(52)

General Comments

(1)

Organism-Specific Guidelines for Specimen Collection and Transport

(26)

Table 3.1 General Specimen Collection and Transport Guidelines

108

(20)

Table 3.2 Confirmation of Food-Borne Infectious Disease Outbreaks

128

(5)

SECTION 4 Specimen Processing

133

(42)

General Comments

134

(1)

Primary Plating Media: Bacteria

134

(11)

Primary Plating Media: Mycobacteria

145

(2)

Primary Plating Media: Fungi

147

(3)

Table 4.1 Dyes and pH Indicators

150

(1)

Table 4.2 Cells Used for Virus or Chlamydia Isolation

151

(2)

Microscopy

153

(5)

Table 4.3 Recommendations for Primary Stains and Bacterial Culture Media

158

(3)

Table 4.4 Recommendations for Primary Stains and Fungal Culture Media

161

(3)

Table 4.5 Selection of Diagnostic Tests for Specific Viral Diseases

164

(7)

Table 4.6 Selection of Diagnostic Tests for Specific Parasitic Diseases

171

(4)

SECTION 5 Microbial Identification

175

(68)

General Comments

176

(1)

Identification Tables: Bacteria

177

(35)

Table 5.1 Differential Characteristics of Catalase-Positive, Gram-Positive Cocci

177

(1)

Table 5.2 Differential Characteristics of Common Staphylococcus Species

178

(1)

Table 5.3 Differential Characteristics of Catalase-Negative, Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

179

(1)

Table 5.4 Differential Characteristics of Catalase-Negative, Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase-Positive, Gram-Positive Cocci

180

(1)

Table 5.5 Differential Characteristics of Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci

181

(1)

Table 5.6 Differential Characteristics of Selected Viridans Streptococci

182

(1)

Table 5.7 Differential Characteristics of Enterococcus Groups

183

(1)

Table 5.8 Differential Characteristics of Common Enterococcus Species

184

(1)

Table 5.9 Differential Characteristics of Selected Corynebacterium Species

185

(1)

Table 5.10 Differential Characteristics of Nonpigmented Coryneform Bacteria

186

(1)

Table 5.11 Differential Characteristics of Yellow-Pigmented Coryneform Bacteria

187

(1)

Table 5.12 Differential Characteristics of Selected Bacillus Species

188

(1)

Table 5.13 Differential Characteristics of Partially Acid-Fast Organisms: Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Tsukamurella, and Gordona Species

189

(1)

Table 5.14 Differential Characteristics of Rapidly Growing Mycobacterium Species

190

(1)

Table 5.15 Differential Characteristics of Nonchromogenic, Slow-Growing Mycobacterium Species

191

(1)

Table 5.16 Differential Characteristics of Chromogenic, Slow-Growing Mycobacterium Species

192

(1)

Table 5.17 Differential Characteristics of Non-Spore-Forming, Gram-Positive, Anaerobic Bacilli

193

(1)

Table 5.18 Differential Characteristics of Selected Actinomyces and Propionibacterium Species

194

(1)

Table 5.19 Differential Characteristics of Selected Clostridium Species

195

(2)

Table 5.20 Differential Characteristics of Selected Oxidase-Negative, Fermentative, Gram-Negative Bacilli

197

(1)

Table 5.21 Differential Characteristics of Selected Members of the Enterobacteriaceae

198

(2)

Table 5.22 Differential Characteristics of Selected Oxidase-Positive, Fermentative, Gram-Negative Bacilli

200

(1)

Table 5.23 Differential Characteristics of Selected Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Plesiomonas Species

201

(1)

Table 5.24 Differential Characteristics of Haemophilus Species

202

(1)

Table 5.25 Differential Characteristics of Selected Oxidase-Negative, Oxidative, Gram-Negative Bacilli

203

(1)

Table 5.26 Differential Characteristics of Selected Oxidase-Positive, Oxidative, Gram-Negative Bacilli

204

(1)

Table 5.27 Differential Characteristics of the Gram-Negative Bacteria Neisseria, Moraxella, and Kingella Species

205

(1)

Table 5.28 Differential Characteristics of Selected Oxidase-Negative, Nonoxidative, Gram-Negative Bacilli

206

(1)

Table 5.29 Differential Characteristics of Selected Oxidase-Positive, Nonoxidative, Gram-Negative Bacilli

207

(2)

Table 5.30 Differential Characteristics of Selected Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter Species

209

(1)

Table 5.31 Differential Characteristics of Anaerobic, Gram-Negative Bacteria

210

(1)

Table 5.32 Differential Characteristics of the Bacteroides fragilis Group

211

(1)

Identification: Fungi

212

(8)

Table 5.33 Differential Characteristics of Fermentative Yeasts

212

(1)

Table 5.34 Differential Characteristics of Nonfermentative Yeasts and Yeast-Like Organisms

213

(1)

Identification of Filamentous Fungi

214

(6)

Identification: Parasites

220

(23)

Table 5.35 Trophozoites of Common Intestinal Amebae

220

(2)

Table 5.36 Cysts of Common Intestinal Amebae

222

(2)

Figure 5.1 Amebae and Flagellate Found in Human Stool Specimens

224

(1)

Table 5.37 Morphological Characteristics of Ciliates, Coccidia, and Tissue Protozoa

225

(2)

Figure 5.2 Ciliate, Coccidia, and Blastocystis hominis Found in Human Stool Specimens

227

(1)

Table 5.38 Trophozoites of Flagellates

228

(3)

Table 5.39 Cysts of Flagellates

231

(2)

Figure 5.3 Flagellates Found in Human Stool Specimens

233

(1)

Table 5.40 Morphological Characteristics of Parasites Found in Blood

234

(2)

Figure 5.4 Relative Sizes of Helminth Eggs

236

(2)

Table 5.41 Morphological Characteristics of Helminths

238

(3)

Table 5.42 Key to Adult Stages of Common Arthropods of Medical Importance

241

(2)

SECTION 6 Vaccines, Antibiotics, and Susceptibility Testing

243

(50)

General Comments

244

(1)

Immunization Recommendations for the United States

244

(4)

Table 6.1 List of Common Antibiotics: Generic and Trade Names

248

(12)

Table 6.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties of Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antifungal, and Antiparasitic Agents

260

(8)

Table 6.3 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) Documents Related to Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

268

(1)

Table 6.4 Quality Control Organisms for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

269

(2)

Table 6.5 Summary of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Methods for Bacteria, Mycobacteria, and Fungi

271

(3)

Table 6.6 Susceptibility Patterns for Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacteria

274

(3)

Table 6.7 Susceptibility of Common Gram-Negative Bacilli to Selected Penicillins

277

(1)

Table 6.8 Susceptibility of Common Gram-Negative Bacilli to Selected Cephalosporins

278

(1)

Table 6.9 Susceptibility of Common Gram-Negative Bacilli to Imipenem and Selected Quinolones

279

(1)

Table 6.10 Susceptibility Patterns for Miscellaneous Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacteria

280

(2)

Table 6.11 Susceptibility Patterns for Fastidious Bacteria

282

(2)

Table 6.12 Susceptibility Patterns for Anaerobic Bacteria

284

(1)

Table 6.13 Susceptibility Patterns for Mycobacteria

285

(2)

Table 6.14 Susceptibility Patterns for Viruses

287

(1)

Table 6.15 Susceptibility Patterns for Fungi

288

(2)

Table 6.16 Susceptibility Patterns for Parasites

290

(3)

SECTION 7 Immunodiagnostic Tests

293

(38)

General Comments

294

(1)

Immunodiagnostic Tests: Interpretive Values

295

(36)

Table 7.1 Criteria for Diagnosis of Syphilis

327

(2)

Table 7.2 Correlation of Clinical Status and Characteristic Serological Responses to EBV Infection

329

(1)

Table 7.3 Interpretation of HBV Serological Markers in Patients with Hepatitis

330

(1)

SECTION 8 Notifiable Infectious Diseases

331

(12)

General Comments

332

(1)

Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases--1997

332

(2)

Geographic Distribution of Selected Notifiable Diseases--Totals for 1992-1996

334

(3)

Annual Incidence of Selected Notifiable Diseases (1987-1996)

337

(6)

Figure 8.1 AIDS, Syphilis, Chancroid, Gonorrhea, and Chlamydia

337

(1)

Figure 8.2 Tuberculosis, Lyme Disease, and Pertussis

338

(1)

Figure 8.3 Salmonella, Shigella, and S. typhi

339

(1)

Figure 8.4 Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C

340

(1)

Figure 8.5 Measles, Rubella, and Mumps

341

(2)

Bibliography

343

(2)

Index

345

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Pocket Guide to Clinical Microbiology

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials