Pocket Keys For Speakers

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ISBN: 9780618230464 | 0618230467
Cover: Spiral Bound
Copyright: 5/27/2003

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Combining the expertise of two successful Houghton Mifflin authors, this new handbook offers students a practical, "how-to" approach to speaking throughout their academic and professional careers. This resource offers students clear and accessible information on organizing, developing, and presenting a speech across the disciplines, along with quick references on grammar and mechanics. In addition, the authors clearly distinguish the principles of oral and written communication. The text's convenient handbook size and format, along with its indispensable, timeless content, make it an ideal lifelong resource. Public speaking coverage addresses ethics, listening, communication apprehension, and strategies for speaking in a variety of contexts. Grammar sections cover clarity and written style, sentence basics, punctuation, mechanics, and multilingual/ESL strategies.

Preface: Why and How You Should Use Pocket Keys for Speakers	p. xvii
Keys to Effective Speaking	p. 1
Getting Started as a Speaker	p. 5
Begin the Speechmaking Process	p. 4
The benefits of speechmaking	p. 5
Determine why you are speaking	p. 6
Understand the Seven Basic Principles of Effective Speaking	p. 8
Purpose: Why are you speaking?	p. 8
Audience: How will you adapt to your audience?	p. 8
Logistics: Where and when will you be speaking?	p. 9
Content: What ideas and information should you include?	p. 9
Organization: How should you arrange your content?	p. 9
Credibility: Are you believable?	p. 9
Performance: How should you deliver your speech?	p. 10
Reduce Your Speaking Anxiety	p. 10
Understand the sources of your nervousness	p. 10
Build your confidence	p. 11
Use anxiety-reducing techniques	p. 12
Listen to Others	p. 14
Learn to listen	p. 15
Listen to your audience	p. 16
Listen to and evaluate other presenters	p. 17
Speak Ethically	p. 19
Follow ethical principles	p. 19
Apply ethical standards to speechmaking	p. 19
Avoid plagiarism	p. 21
Determining Your Purpose and Topic	p. 23
Establish Your Purpose	p. 24
Identify your purpose	p. 24
Differentiate public and private purposes	p. 24
Move from Purpose to Topic	p. 25
Select a good topic	p. 26
Narrow your topic	p. 28
Develop a purpose statement	p. 29
Analyzing Your Audience and Adapting Your Presentation	p. 31
Analyze and Adapt to Your Audience	p. 32
Analyze your audience	p. 33
Gather audience information	p. 37
Adapt to your audience	p. 38
Adapt to cultural differences	p. 40
Analyze and Adapt to Logistics	p. 41
Analyze and adapt to the setting	p. 42
Adapt to time	p. 44
Analyze and adapt to the occasion	p. 44
Dress for the occasion	p. 45
Supporting Your Presentation	p. 47
Select Supporting Material	p. 48
Find the right types of supporting material	p. 48
Search for supporting materials	p. 52
Evaluate Your Content	p. 56
Test your content	p. 58
Keep track of your content	p. 60
Cite Your Sources	p. 61
Cite your sources in writing	p. 61
Use paraphrases	p. 62
Cite your sources orally	p. 63
Organizing and Outlining Your Presentation	p. 65
Organize Your Content	p. 66
Select your key points	p. 67
Identify your central idea	p. 69
Select an organizational pattern	p. 70
Order your key points	p. 74
Outline Your Presentation	p. 75
Create a preliminary (working) outline	p. 75
Create a formal outline	p. 76
Create a presentation outline	p. 77
Connect Your Key Points	p. 78
Provide internal previews and summaries	p. 78
Include transitions and signposts	p. 79
Begin Your Presentation with Flair	p. 80
Goals of the introduction	p. 80
Ways to begin	p. 81
Conclude Your Presentation with Flair	p. 85
Goals of the conclusion	p. 85
Ways to Conclude	p. 85
Generating Credibility and Interest	p. 89
Enhance Your Credibility	p. 90
Include the components of credibility	p. 90
Develop a credible presentation	p. 91
Use Effective Language	p. 92
Follow the 5C's of style	p. 92
Choose effective oral language	p. 92
Generate Interest	p. 95
Overcome the boredom factor	p. 95
Tell stories	p. 96
Use humor	p. 98
Involve your audience	p. 99
Delivering Your Presentation	p. 101
Achieve Effective Delivery	p. 102
Choose your mode of delivery	p. 102
Use notes effectively	p. 106
Practice your presentation	p. 107
Enhance Your Vocal Delivery	p. 108
Vocal characteristics	p. 108
Clarity and correctness	p. 111
Enhance Your Physical Delivery	p. 114
Components of physical delivery	p. 114
Delivering mediated presentations	p. 117
Use Presentation Aids	p. 118
Functions of presentation aids	p. 118
Types of presentation aids	p. 118
Select appropriate media	p. 121
Design effective presentation aids	p. 121
Handle presentation aids successfully	p. 123
Speaking to Inform and Persuade	p. 125
Speak to Inform	p. 126
Informative speaking strategies	p. 127
Informative speaking tips	p. 132
Sample informative presentation outline	p. 133
Speak to Persuade	p. 138
Adapt to audience attitudes	p. 139
Persuasive speaking methods	p. 142
Persuasive speaking tips	p. 144
Persuasive organizational patterns	p. 147
Sample persuasive presentation	p. 152
Speaking in Special Contexts	p. 159
Adapt to Special Occasions	p. 160
Introducing a speaker	p. 160
Sample presentation: Introducing a speaker	p. 162
Welcoming an audience	p. 164
Sample welcoming remarks	p. 165
Making a toast	p. 166
Sample toast	p. 168
Delivering a eulogy	p. 168
Sample eulogy	p. 171
Learn How to Speak Impromptu	p. 174
Impromptu speaking strategies	p. 175
Question-and-answer sessions	p. 177
"Learn How to Speak in Business Settings	p. 178
Business briefings	p. 178
Sales presentations	p. 179
Speaking in groups	p. 184
Team presentations	p. 185
Speaking in the Classroom	p. 187
Speak to Learn	p. 188
Differentiate Written and Oral Reports	p. 189
Organize your report like a speech	p. 190
Focus on your delivery	p. 190
Apply the Seven Principles to Classroom Speaking	p. 193
Determine the instructor's purpose	p. 193
Adapt to the classroom audience	p. 194
Adjust to classroom logistics	p. 197
Choose appropriate content	p. 198
Organize to meet the assignment	p. 198
Enlist your credibility to improve your grade	p. 199
Use appropriate delivery	p. 199
Adapt to Academic Disciplines	p. 200
Arts and humanities	p. 200
Engineering and technology	p. 201
Science and mathematics	p. 203
Social sciences	p. 205
Social services	p. 206
Business	p. 207
Education	p. 208
Classroom Debates	p. 210
Keys to Style, Grammar, and ESL	p. 215
The 5 C's of Style	p. 217
The First C: Cut	p. 218
Cut wordiness	p. 218
Cut formulaic phrases	p. 219
The Second C: Check for Action ("Who's Doing What?")	p. 220
Ask "Who's doing what?" about subject and verb	p. 220
Use caution in beginning a sentence with there or it	p. 221
Avoid unnecessary passive voice constructions	p. 221
The Third C: Connect	p. 222
Apply the principle of consistent subjects	p. 222
Connect with transitional words and expressions	p. 222
Vary the way you connect and combine your ideas	p. 223
Connect ideas and paragraphs	p. 223
The Fourth C: Commit	p. 223
Commit to critical thinking	p. 224
Commit to a point of view	p. 224
The Fifth C: Choose Vivid, Appropriate, and Inclusive Words	p. 224
Choose vivid and specific words	p. 224
Avoid slang, regionalisms, and jargon	p. 225
Avoid biased and exclusionary language	p. 226
Basic Grammar	p. 229
Sentence Snarls	p. 230
Tangles: Mixed constructions, faulty comparisons, and convoluted syntax	p. 231
Misplaced modifiers	p. 232
Dangling modifiers	p. 233
Shifts	p. 233
Faulty predication	p. 234
Definitions and reasons: Avoiding is when and the reason is because	p. 234
Lack of parallel structures	p. 235
Necessary words in compound structures and comparisons	p. 236
Verbs	p. 236
Verb forms in Standard English	p. 236
Verb forms after auxiliaries	p. 240
Verbs commonly confused	p. 242
Verb tenses	p. 243
Past tense and past participle forms	p. 246
Verbs in conditional sentences, wishes, requests, demands, and recommendations	p. 247
Passive voice	p. 249
Subject-Verb Agreement	p. 250
Basic principles	p. 250
Words between subject and verb	p. 251
Subject after verb	p. 251
Tricky subjects	p. 252
Collective nouns	p. 253
Compound subjects	p. 254
Indefinite pronouns	p. 254
Quantity words	p. 255
Relative clauses (who, which, that)	p. 256
Pronouns	p. 256
Personal pronouns	p. 256
Clear reference	p. 259
Agreement with antecedent	p. 260
Appropriate use of you	p. 261
Who, whom, which, that	p. 261
Adjectives and Adverbs	p. 262
Correct forms of adjectives and adverbs	p. 263
When to use adjectives and adverbs	p. 263
Compound adjectives	p. 264
Avoiding double negatives	p. 264
Comparative and superlative forms	p. 265
Avoiding faulty and incomplete comparisons	p. 266
For Multilingual Speakers (ESL)	p. 267
A, An, and The	p. 268
What you need to know about nouns	p. 268
Articles: Four basic questions	p. 269
Basic rules for articles	p. 271
The for a specific reference	p. 271
Infinitive, -ing, and -ed Verb Forms	p. 272
Verb followed by an infinitive	p. 272
Verb followed by -ing (gerund)	p. 273
Verb followed by a preposition + -ing	p. 274
Verb followed by an infinitive or -ing	p. 274
ing and -ed forms as adjectives	p. 274
Sentence Structure and Word Order	p. 275
Basic rules of order	p. 275
Direct and indirect object	p. 276
Direct and indirect questions	p. 277
Although and because clauses	p. 278
Endnotes	p. 279
Glossaries and Index	p. 281
Glossary of Speaking Terms	p. 282
Glossary of Usage	p. 295
Glossary of Grammatical Terms	p. 303
Index	p. 313
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Pocket Keys For Speakers

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