Political Parties in New Democracies

Ingrid van Biezen provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of party formation and organizational development in recently established democracies. She focuses on four democracies in Southern and East-Central Europe and addresses political parties from a cross-regional perspective. Featuring a wealth of new information on party organization, this book provides a valuable theoretical and empirical contribution to our understanding of political parties in both old and new democracies.

Ingrid van Biezen is in the Department of Political Science and International studies, University of Birmingham.

List of Figure and Tables

x

Acknowledgements

xi

List of Party Acronyms

xiii

Introduction

1

(14)

Part I Framework

1 The Path towards Democracy: the Institutional Context of Party Formation

15

(13)

Party formation and organizational development: three scenarios

16

(2)

The path towards democracy

18

(2)

The Western European path: from competitive oligarchy to democracy

20

(4)

The emergence of new democracies: divergent trajectories

24

(4)

2 Party Formation and Organizational Development: Opportunities and Constraints

28

(25)

The sequence of organizational development

29

(4)

Institutional origins and institutional orientations

33

(2)

The weakness of cleavage structures and partisan identities

35

(3)

Access to mass media and public funding

38

(5)

Strategies of mobilization: electorates versus partisans

43

(4)

Conclusion

47

(6)

Part II Membership Organizations and Party Structures

3 Portugal

53

(24)

Parties and the party system

54

(5)

The membership organization

59

(9)

The organizational structure

68

(5)

The internal distribution of power

73

(2)

Conclusion

75

(2)

4 Spain

77

(28)

Parties and the party system

78

(5)

The membership organization

83

(10)

The organizational structure

93

(6)

The internal distribution of power

99

(3)

Conclusion

102

(3)

5 Hungary

105

(27)

Parties and the party system

105

(6)

The membership organization

111

(6)

The organizational structure

117

(5)

The internal distribution of power

122

(7)

Conclusion

129

(3)

6 The Czech Republic

132

(25)

Parties and the party system

133

(5)

The membership organization

138

(8)

The organizational structure

146

(4)

The internal distribution of power

150

(2)

Conclusion

152

(5)

Part III Cross-National Patterns

7 On the Internal Balance of Power: the Extra-Parliamentary Party vs the Party in Public Office

157

(20)

The predominance of the party in public office

157

(2)

Assessing public office predominance

159

(2)

Internal conceptions of the balance of power

161

(4)

Accumulation of mandates

165

(5)

The employment of party staff

170

(3)

The allocation of state subventions

173

(2)

Conclusion

175

(2)

8 Financing Parties in New Democracies

177

(25)

The legal framework of public funding

178

(4)

Restrictions, disclosure and enforcement

182

(3)

The relevance of public money

185

(8)

The role of society

193

(4)

Party finance and party organization

197

(2)

Conclusion

199

(3)

9 Patterns of Party Organization in New Democracies

202

(19)

On the relevance of members, professionals and party leaderships

204

(4)

Parties and society: a tenuous relationship

208

(4)

Encouraging étatisation through public funding

212

(2)

The predominance of the extra-parliamentary executive

214

(4)

Conclusion

218

(3)

Notes

221

(10)

References

231

(18)

Index

249

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Political Parties in New Democracies

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Political Parties in New Democracies

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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