The Political Science Toolbox A Research Companion to American Government
, by Frantzich, Stephen E.; Ernst, Howard R.- ISBN: 9780742547612 | 0742547612
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 8/7/2008
List of Skill Boxes | p. xv |
Preface | p. xvii |
Introduction: Thinking Like a Political Scientist | p. 1 |
The Science of Political Analysis | p. 1 |
What Makes Political Science a "Science"? | p. 2 |
Count It, Interpret It, and Feel It | p. 3 |
Thinking in Terms of Variables and Causal Relationships | p. 4 |
Standing on the Shoulders of Others: The Literature Review | p. 5 |
Thinking in Terms of Hypotheses | p. 6 |
Types of Academic Assignments | p. 7 |
Writing a Major Research Paper | p. 8 |
Making Use of Summary Tables | p. 11 |
Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due | p. 13 |
Types of Plagiarism | p. 14 |
The Case against Plagiarism | p. 14 |
Sources That Will Help You Understand the Research Process | p. 15 |
Resources for Citing Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism | p. 15 |
The Founding Era | p. 17 |
The Structure of the U.S. Constitution and the Intentions of the Founders | p. 17 |
The Basic Structure of the U.S. Constitution | p. 17 |
The Constitutional Amendment Process | p. 19 |
Composition of the National Government | p. 20 |
Key Governing Principles Embodied in the U.S. Constitution | p. 20 |
Basic Goals of the Constitution | p. 23 |
Key Constitutional Compromises | p. 24 |
Comparative Perspective | p. 26 |
Enduring Structural Questions and How to Research Them | p. 27 |
Idea Generator: A Sample of Structural Questions Related to the Constitution | p. 28 |
Participants | p. 32 |
Who Were the Framers of the U.S. Constitution? | p. 32 |
Comparative Perspective: Federalists versus Anti-Federalists | p. 34 |
The Federalist Papers | p. 35 |
Enduring Questions about the Framers and How to Research Them | p. 37 |
Idea Generator: A Sample of Additional Questions Related to the Framers | p. 38 |
Context and Performance | p. 44 |
Important Antecedents to the U.S. Constitution | p. 44 |
Historical Development of the Constitution | p. 49 |
Enduring Contextual Questions and How to Research Them | p. 50 |
Idea Generator: A Sample of Contextual Questions Related to the Constitution | p. 52 |
Secondary Sources That Will Help You Get Started | p. 54 |
Original Research That Will Impress Your Professor | p. 54 |
In Their Own Words: Primary Sources | p. 56 |
Where to Find It | p. 56 |
Congress | p. 59 |
The Structure and Intention of Congress | p. 59 |
Constitutional Basis | p. 60 |
Goals and Intentions | p. 60 |
Congress in Comparative Perspective | p. 65 |
Enduring Structural Questions and How to Research Them | p. 66 |
Idea Generator: Understanding Congress's Structure | p. 70 |
Participants in Congress | p. 72 |
Who Are the Participants and How Were They Elected? | p. 72 |
Congressional Demographics in Comparative Perspective | p. 74 |
Enduring Questions about Participants and How to Research Them | p. 74 |
Idea Generator: The Causes and Consequences of Congress's Demographic Mix | p. 79 |
Congressional Context and Performance | p. 80 |
Historical Development | p. 81 |
Public Support and Expectations-What Does the Public Want Congress to Do? | p. 81 |
Congress at Work | p. 83 |
Enduring Contextual and Performance Questions and How to Research Them | p. 84 |
Idea Generator: Congress at Work | p. 86 |
Major Data Sources on Congress | p. 86 |
Original Research That Will Impress Your Professor | p. 87 |
Where to Find It | p. 88 |
Taking Action-Contacting and Influencing Congress | p. 92 |
The Presidency and the Bureaucracy | p. 95 |
The Structure and Intention of the Presidency and the Bureaucracy | p. 95 |
Constitutional Basis and Extraconstitutional Roles | p. 95 |
Goals and Intentions | p. 97 |
Comparative Perspective: Presidents versus Prime Ministers | p. 98 |
Enduring Structural Questions and How to Research Them | p. 99 |
Idea Generator: Presidential Power and Roles | p. 105 |
Participants | p. 106 |
Who Are the Presidential and Bureaucratic Participants and Why Are They There? | p. 106 |
Comparative Perspective | p. 107 |
Enduring Questions about the Personnel of the Presidency and the Bureaucracy | p. 109 |
Idea Generator: Presidents and Bureaucrats? | p. 110 |
Context and Performance of the Presidency and the Bureaucracy | p. 112 |
Historical Development | p. 112 |
Public Support and Expectations | p. 112 |
The President and Bureaucracy at Work | p. 113 |
Enduring Questions about the Context and Performance of the Presidency and How to Research Them | p. 117 |
Idea Generator: Evaluating Presidential and Bureaucratic Performance | p. 123 |
Original Research That Will Impress Your Professor | p. 124 |
In Their Own Words: Primary Sources | p. 125 |
Where to Find It | p. 125 |
Taking Action-Contacting and Influencing the President and the Bureaucracy | p. 127 |
The Federal Judiciary | p. 129 |
The Structure and Function of the Federal Judiciary | p. 129 |
Constitutional Basis | p. 129 |
Goals and Intentions | p. 131 |
Comparative Perspective | p. 132 |
Enduring Structural Questions and How to Research Them | p. 132 |
Idea Generator: How the Courts Are Structured | p. 134 |
Participants in the Judicial Process | p. 135 |
Who Are the Participants and Why Are They There? | p. 135 |
Comparative Perspective | p. 137 |
Enduring Questions about the Participants and How to Research Them | p. 140 |
Idea Generator: Who Serves on the Courts and How Do They Get There? | p. 141 |
Context and Performance of the Courts | p. 142 |
Historical Development | p. 142 |
Public Support | p. 143 |
The Judiciary at Work | p. 144 |
Enduring Questions on the Context and Performance of the Courts and How to Research Them | p. 145 |
Idea Generator: Judging the Performance of Judges | p. 148 |
Original Research That Will Impress Your Professor | p. 149 |
Where to Find It | p. 149 |
Taking Action-Contacting and Influencing the Courts | p. 151 |
State and Local Government | p. 153 |
The Structure of American Federalism | p. 153 |
The Constitutional Relationship between State and Federal Governments | p. 153 |
The Relationship between State and Local Governments | p. 154 |
Types of State Governments | p. 155 |
Types of Local Governments | p. 158 |
American Federalism: Goals and Intentions of the Founders | p. 160 |
Comparative Perspective | p. 161 |
Enduring Structural and Institutional Questions and How to Research Them | p. 161 |
Idea Generator: Structural and Institutional Questions Related to Federalism | p. 163 |
Participants | p. 165 |
Governors | p. 165 |
Legislatures | p. 165 |
Judges | p. 165 |
Enduring Questions about the Participants | p. 169 |
Idea Generator: Additional Questions Related to State-Level Participants | p. 171 |
Context and Performance | p. 173 |
Historical Development of American Federalism | p. 173 |
The Historical Development of Home Rule | p. 176 |
The Decline of Political Machines and Party Bosses | p. 176 |
State and Local Governments at Work | p. 179 |
Enduring Contextual Questions and How to Research Them | p. 179 |
Idea Generator: A Sample of Additional Contextual Questions Related to State and Local Politics | p. 180 |
Secondary Sources That Will Help You Get Started | p. 183 |
Original Research That Will Impress Your Professor | p. 183 |
Where to Find It | p. 184 |
The Media | p. 187 |
The Structure and Function of the Media | p. 187 |
Constitutional and Legal Basis | p. 187 |
Goals and Intentions of the Media | p. 191 |
Comparative Perspective | p. 193 |
Enduring Structural Questions about the Media and How to Research Them | p. 193 |
Idea Generator: The Role of the Media in Society | p. 195 |
Participants | p. 197 |
The Media Players | p. 197 |
Enduring Questions about the Participants and How to Research Them | p. 199 |
Idea Generator: Who Are the Media Players? | p. 203 |
Context and Performance of the Media | p. 204 |
Historical Development | p. 204 |
Public Support and Expectations | p. 205 |
The Media at Work | p. 205 |
Enduring Questions on the Context and Performance of the Media and How to Research Them | p. 206 |
Idea Generator: How Well Does the Media Mediate? | p. 210 |
Secondary Sources That Will Help You Get You Started | p. 211 |
Original Research That Will Impress Your Professor | p. 211 |
Where to Find It | p. 211 |
Taking Action-Contacting and Influencing the Media | p. 214 |
Presenting Your Findings | p. 216 |
Political Parties and Interest Groups | p. 217 |
The Structure and Intention of Political Parties and Interest Groups | p. 217 |
Constitutional and Legal Basis | p. 217 |
Goals and Intentions | p. 220 |
Recent Changes in Campaign Laws That Influence Parties and Interest Groups | p. 222 |
Comparative Perspective | p. 223 |
Enduring Structural and Institutional Questions and How to Research Them | p. 225 |
Idea Generator: Structural Questions Related to Political Parties and Interest Groups | p. 227 |
Participants | p. 231 |
Who Are the Political Party and Interest Group Participants and Why Are They There? | p. 231 |
Comparative Perspective | p. 234 |
Enduring Questions about Political-Party and Interest-Group Participants and How to Research Them | p. 235 |
Idea Generator: Additional Questions Related to Political-Party and Interest-Group Participants | p. 237 |
Context and Performance | p. 242 |
Historical Development of Political Parties and Interest Groups | p. 242 |
Parties and Interest Groups at Work | p. 243 |
Red States versus Blue States Reconsidered | p. 247 |
Enduring Contextual Questions about Interest Groups and Political Parties and How to Research Them | p. 249 |
Idea Generator: Additional Contextual Questions Related to Interest Groups and Political Parties | p. 250 |
Secondary Sources That Will Help You Get Started | p. 253 |
Original Research That Will Impress Your Professor | p. 253 |
Where to Find It | p. 255 |
Elections and Voting Behavior | p. 259 |
The Structure and Intention of Elections | p. 259 |
Constitutional and Legal Basis | p. 259 |
Goals and Intentions | p. 261 |
Rules Governing the Funding of Political Campaigns | p. 262 |
Comparative Perspective | p. 264 |
Enduring Structural Questions and How to Research Them | p. 264 |
Idea Generator: A Sample of Additional Structural Questions Related to Elections | p. 267 |
Participants | p. 270 |
Who Are the Participants and Why Are They There? | p. 271 |
Comparative Perspective | p. 273 |
Enduring Questions about the Participants and How to Research Them | p. 274 |
Idea Generator: A Sample of Additional Questions Related to Electoral Participants | p. 276 |
Context and Performance | p. 280 |
Historical Development of Campaign Coverage and Polling | p. 280 |
Elections at Work: Contextual Factors That Matter | p. 283 |
Enduring Contextual Questions and How to Research Them | p. 286 |
Idea Generator: A Sample of Additional Contextual Questions Related to Elections | p. 288 |
Secondary Sources That Will Help You Get Started | p. 289 |
Original Research That Will Impress Your Professor | p. 289 |
Where to Find It | p. 290 |
Taking Action-Acting and Influencing | p. 291 |
Glossary | p. 293 |
Index | p. 311 |
About the Authors | p. 323 |
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