Politics by Other Means The Free German League of Culture in London, 1939-1946

Politics by Other Means traces the development and historical significance of the Free German League of Culture, the foremost organization representing anti-Nazi German refugees in Britain during the years of the Second World War. During its lifetime (1939-46), the League held a regular program of cultural events ranging from concerts and theatre performances to publications and art exhibitions, as well as a 'university in exile.' Because of the restrictions on refugees imposed by the British authorities, this cultural program served very much as a surrogate for direct political activity: the continuation of politics by other means. The study concludes by tracing the fate of those who returned to a now-divided Germany and the post-war integration of those who remained into British arts and society. The book is based largely on primary sources, using documentary material held in Frankfurt and Berlin which historians have hitherto neglected, thus most of the content and findings are new. Though based on scholarly research, the book is written in a readable and accessible style.

Charmian Brinson is Professor of German at Imperial College London and a founder member of the Research Centre for German and Austrian Exile Studies. She has published extensively on German-speaking exile in Britain, including on life in the alien internment camps during the Second World War. Richard Dove is the author of He Was a German. Anna Müller-Härlin is an Art Historian who did her PhD on Fred Uhlman at the Courtauld Institute of Art, London. She has worked for the Kicken Berlin gallery and the Sprengel Museum in Hanover. She has published widely on the arts in exile in Great Britain.