Polymer and Composite Rheology, Second

An analysis of polymer and composite rheology. This second edition covers flow properties of thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, and general principles and applications of all phases of polymer rheology, with new chapters on the rheology of particulate and fibre composites. It also includes new and expanded detail on polymer blends and emulsions, foams, reacting systems, and flow through porous media as well as composite processing operations.

Rakesh K. Gupta is GE Plastics Professor of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown.

Preface

v

Introduction to Polymer Rheology

1

(12)

Rheology

1

(1)

Material Functions in Viscometric Flows

2

(5)

Extensional Flow

7

(1)

The Stress Tensor

8

(3)

The Rate of Strain Tensor

11

(2)

References

12

(1)

Instruments for Shear Rheology

13

(21)

Introduction

13

(1)

Capillary Viscometers

14

(6)

Coaxial Cylinder Viscometers

20

(2)

Cone-and-Plate Viscometers

22

(2)

Parallel-Plate Viscometers

24

(2)

Sliding-Plate Viscometers

26

(2)

Other Viscometers

28

(6)

References

32

(2)

Shear Viscosity of Melts of Flexible Chain Polymers

34

(29)

Introduction

34

(3)

Zero-Shear Viscosity

37

(14)

Shear Rate--Dependent Viscosity

51

(7)

Concluding Remarks

58

(5)

References

59

(4)

Shear Viscosity of Polymer Solutions

63

(26)

Introduction

63

(2)

Intrinsic Viscosity---The Limit of Infinite Dilution

65

(3)

Zero-Shear Viscosity as a Function of Molecular Weight and Concentration

68

(5)

Influence of Structural Factors, Temperature, and Pressure on the Zero-Shear Viscosity

73

(3)

Shear Rate--Dependent Viscosity

76

(1)

Viscosity of Polyelectrolytes

77

(3)

Surfactant Solutions and Associative Thickeners

80

(9)

References

86

(3)

Normal Stress Differences in Polymers During Shear Flow

89

(28)

Introduction

89

(7)

Low-Shear-Rate Behavior of the First Normal Stress Difference

96

(7)

Measurement of N1 at High Shear Rates

103

(6)

Measurement of the Second Normal Stress Difference

109

(3)

Concluding Remarks

112

(5)

References

113

(4)

Dynamic Mechanical Properties

117

(23)

Introduction

117

(4)

Dependence of Polymer Melt Dynamic Mechanical Properties on Temperature, Molecular Weight, and Polymer Structure

121

(4)

Boltzmann Superposition Principle

125

(2)

Stress Relaxation Modules

127

(4)

Dynamic Rheological Properties of Solutions

131

(4)

Relevance to Nonlinear viscoelasticity

135

(2)

Concluding Remarks

137

(3)

References

138

(2)

Extensional Viscosity

140

(30)

Introduction

140

(3)

Low-Stretch-Rate Behavior of Extensional Viscosity

143

(12)

Extensional Viscosity at High Stretch Rates

155

(9)

Concluding Remarks

164

(6)

References

165

(5)

Rigid-Rod and Liquid-Crystal Polymer Rheology

170

(27)

Introduction

170

(5)

Viscosity Behavior in the Isotropic State

175

(6)

Constant-Shear-Rate Behavior in the Nematic State

181

(9)

Extensional Flow

190

(2)

Polydomains and Transient Flow

192

(5)

References

194

(3)

Yield Stress, Wall Slip, Particle Migration, and Other Observations with Multiphase Systems

197

(27)

Introduction

197

(3)

Unstable Suspensions

200

(4)

Yield Stress Measurement

204

(6)

Measurement of the Wall Slip Velocity

210

(7)

Migration of Particles Across Streamlines

217

(3)

Concluding Remarks

220

(4)

References

220

(4)

Solid-in-Liquid Suspensions

224

(42)

Introduction

224

(2)

Shear Viscosity of Concentrated Suspension of Noncolloidal Particulates

226

(9)

Shear Viscosity of Colloidal Hard Spheres

235

(4)

Shear Thickening in Colloidal Hard Sphere Suspensions

239

(2)

Elastic Effects

241

(5)

Flocculated Suspensions

246

(13)

Electrorheology

259

(2)

Concluding Remarks

261

(5)

References

262

(4)

Short-Fiber Suspensions

266

(18)

Introduction

266

(2)

Dilute Fiber Suspensions

268

(3)

Semiconcentrated Fiber Suspensions

271

(4)

Concentrated Fiber Suspensions

275

(5)

Concluding Remarks

280

(4)

References

281

(3)

Emulsions

284

(20)

Introduction

284

(3)

Viscosity of a Dilute Emulsion of Spherical Droplets

287

(1)

Drop Deformation and Breakup

288

(3)

Elasticity of dilute Emulsions

291

(1)

Droplet Coalescence During Shear Flow

292

(2)

Rheology of Concentrated Emulsions

294

(5)

Concluding Remarks

299

(5)

References

300

(4)

Gas-Containing Melts and Foams

304

(12)

Introduction

304

(1)

Viscosity of Gas-Containing Polymers

305

(3)

Yielding of Foam

308

(3)

Foam Viscosity

311

(3)

Concluding Remarks

314

(2)

References

314

(2)

Rheology of Powders and Granular Materials

316

(16)

Introduction

316

(1)

Instruments

317

(3)

Flow Behavior of Particulate Solids

320

(10)

Concluding Remarks

330

(2)

References

330

(2)

Chemorheology and Gelation

332

(20)

Introduction

332

(3)

Thermal Characterization of Curing Reactions

335

(4)

Mechanistic Models of Curing

339

(1)

Viscosity as a Function of Conversion

340

(4)

Polymer Gelation

344

(4)

Polymer vitrification

348

(4)

References

349

(3)

Flow Through Porous Media

352

(23)

Introduction

352

(2)

Dimensional Considerations

354

(1)

Capillary Model

355

(3)

Effect of a Shear-Thinning Viscosity

358

(2)

Permeability Measurement

360

(2)

Fibrous Porous Media

362

(3)

Pore Geometry Effects

365

(2)

Viscoelastic Effects

367

(4)

Concluding Remarks

371

(4)

References

371

(4)

Melt Fracture

375

(12)

Introduction

375

(1)

Historical Perspective

376

(3)

Tying Melt Fracture to Wall Slip

379

(4)

Adhesion Promotion or Slip Promotion?

383

(1)

Concluding Remarks

383

(4)

References

383

(4)

Index

387

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

FREE SHIPPING

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Polymer and Composite Rheology, Second Edition,

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials