Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites

Serves as a one-stop reference resource for important research accomplishments in the area of polyvinyl alcohol-based biocomposites and bionanocomposites.

Many recent research accomplishments in the area of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based biocomposites and bionanocomposites are summarized in this book. In it, the editors discuss as many topics as possible on the most recent state-of-the-art developments regarding these biocomposites and bionanocomposites, the challenges faced when using them, and their future prospects. In addition to providing a biodegradation study of them, their significance and applications are also discussed, along with practical steps toward their commercialization. Moreover, PVA/cellulose-based and PVA/starch-based biocomposites and bionanocomposites are discussed, along with the biomedical applications of PVA-based composites and nanocomposites, and PVA-based hybrid interpolymeric complexes and their applications.

Audience

This book will be a very valuable reference source for polymer researchers, materials scientists, biochemists, engineers, graduate and postgraduate students working on polymers, composites, and nanocomposites, especially in the area of polyvinyl alcohol-based bionanocomposites.

Visakh P.M., PhD, has been an assistant professor at TUSUR University, Tomsk, Russia since 2017. He completed his Post doc. research at Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia (2014-2017). He obtained his PhD from the School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. He has edited 35 books and published more than 25 journal articles, four review articles, and more than 30 book chapters.

Olga Nazarenko, PhD, is a professor in the Division for Testing and Diagnostics, School of Non-Destructive Testing, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia. Her first degree was in electrical engineering (1985), followed by a PhD in high voltage technique (1996) and DSc in chemical engineering (2007). Her areas of interest include metals and chemical compounds nanopowders—production, their characterization, and application, electrical explosion of wires, polymer composites, and fire-retardant polymers.

Preface xi

1 Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites: State-of-the-Art, New Challenges and Opportunities 1
Visakh P. M.

1.1 Biodegradation Study of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 1

1.2 Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites: Significance and Applications, Practical Step Toward Commercialization 4

1.3 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Cellulose-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 7

1.4 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Starch-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 9

1.5 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polylactic Acid–Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 11

1.6 Biomedical Applications of Polyvinyl Alcohol‑Based Bionanocomposites 13

1.7 Hybrid Interpolymeric Complexes 16

References 18

2 Biodegradation Study of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 31
Zahid Majeed, Muhammad Mubashir, Pau Loke Show and Eefa Manzoor

2.1 Introduction 32

2.2 Biodegradable PVA Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 38

2.2.1 PVA/Cellulose-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 39

2.2.2 PVA/Chitin-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 40

2.3 PVA/Starch-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 42

2.4 PVA/Hemicellulose-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 45

2.5 PVA/Polylactic Acid-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 48

2.6 PVA/Polyhydroxyalkanoates-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 49

2.7 Conclusion 51

References 52

3 Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Bionanocomposites: Significance and Applications, Practical Step Towards Commercialization 59
S. Mohanapriya

3.1 Introduction: Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) 60

3.2 Properties of PVA 61

3.3 PVA Composites and Nancomposites 61

3.3.1 Fabrication of PVA-Based Composites and Bionanocomposites 64

3.4 Categorization and Advantages of PVA Composites 65

3.5 Issues Associated with PVA-Based Composites/Nanocomposites 66

3.6 Diverse Applications of PVA-Based Composites/Nanocomposites 66

3.6.1 Biomedical Applications 66

3.6.1.1 Wound Dressing Material 68

3.6.2 Cartilage and Orthopedic Applications 68

3.6.3 Electrochemical Applications 69

3.6.4 Optical and Photonic Applications 71

3.6.5 Renewable Energy Source-Based Applications 71

3.6.6 Food Packaging Applications 74

3.7 PVA Composites/Nanocomposites: Future Outlook 76

References 76

4 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Cellulose-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 81
Nor Asikin Awang, Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed and Wan Norharyati Wan Salleh

4.1 Introduction 82

4.2 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Cellulose-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites and Their Preparation 84

4.2.1 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Cellulose Fibers 84

4.2.2 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Cellulose Acetate 86

4.2.3 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Bacterial Cellulose 87

4.2.4 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Regenerated Cellulose 90

4.2.5 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Cellulose Aerogel or Hydrogel 92

4.2.6 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Cellulose Nanocrystals 94

4.2.7 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Cellulose Nanofiber 96

4.3 Properties and Characterizations Techniques 98

4.3.1 Tensile Characterizations 98

4.3.2 Thermal Characterizations 99

4.3.3 X-Ray Diffraction 100

4.3.4 Morphological Characterizations 101

4.3.5 Rheological and Viscoelastic Characterizations 104

4.4 Potential Applications 108

4.4.1 Biomedical Applications 108

4.4.2 Packaging Applications 110

4.4.3 Heavy Metal Applications 113

4.4.4 Gas Separation 114

4.5 Conclusion 116

References 116

5 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Starch-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 131
Nor Fasihah Binti Zaaba and Hanafi Bin Ismail

5.1 Introduction 131

5.2 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Starch-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 132

5.3 Preparation 134

5.4 Characterizations 135

5.4.1 Mechanical Properties 135

5.4.2 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy 137

5.4.3 Differential Scanning Calorimetry 138

5.4.4 Thermogravimetric Analysis 141

5.5 Applications 143

5.6 Conclusion 143

References 144

6 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polylactic Acid-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 151
Ashitha Jose and Radhakrishnan E.K.

6.1 Introduction 152

6.2 PVA Composites and Bionanocomposites 153

6.3 Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) Composites and Bionanocomposites 155

6.4 The Role of Plasticizers and Fillers in Composite Development 157

6.5 Methods Employed in the Development of Structured Polymers 158

6.5.1 Melt Compounding 158

6.5.2 Solvent-Based Methods 158

6.5.3 Electrospinning 158

6.5.3.1 Melt Electrospinning 159

6.5.3.2 Near Field Electrospinning (NFES) 160

6.5.3.3 Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) 160

6.5.3.4 Coelectrospinning 161

6.6 Techniques for Analyzing the Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 162

6.6.1 FTIR 162

6.6.2 Thermal Properties of Films 163

6.6.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy 164

6.6.4 TEM 165

6.6.5 Barrier Properties 165

6.6.5.1 Light Barrier Properties and Transparency 165

6.6.5.2 Oxygen Barrier Properties 165

6.6.5.3 Water Vapour Barrier Property 166

6.7 Application of Polymers in Food Industry 167

6.8 Application of Polymers in Medicine 168

6.9 Biodegradability of PVA 170

6.10 Conclusions 174

References 175

7 Biomedical Applications of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Bionanocomposites 179
Bruno Leandro Pereira, Viviane Seba Sampaio, Gabriel Goetten de Lima, Carlos Maurício Lepienski, Mozart Marins, Bor Shin Chee and Michael J. D. Nugent

7.1 Introduction 180

7.2 Application in Drug Delivery Systems 181

7.3 Applications in Wound Healing 184

7.4 Applications in Tissue Engineering 189

7.5 Applications in Regenerative Medicine 192

7.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 193

References 194

8 Hybrid Interpolymeric Complexes 205
Igor Prosanov

8.1 Introduction 205

8.1.1 Historical Overview 205

8.1.2 General Description of HICs 207

8.1.3 Relative Materials 210

8.1.4 To Summarize 211

8.2 Production of HICs 211

8.2.1 To Summarize 215

8.3 Structure of Hybrid Interpolymeric Complexes 215

8.3.1 General Description of Experimental Methods and Computations 215

8.3.2 Halides of Second Group Elements as HICs Components 217

8.3.2.1 Cadmium Halides Based HICs 220

8.3.2.2 Zinc Halides Based HICs 227

8.3.3 Sulfides as HICs Components 227

8.3.4 Boric Acid as HIC Component 230

8.3.5 Copper Hydroxide/Oxide as HIC Component 232

8.3.6 Hydroxides and Oxides Other then Copper Elements as HICs Components 236

8.3.7 To Summarize 243

8.4 Possible Applications of HICs 243

8.4.1 To Summarize 247

8.5 Conclusion 248

References 248

Index 253

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