Popular Protest in Late-Medieval Europe Italy, France and Flanders

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ISBN: 9780719067310 | 0719067316
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Copyright: 12/9/2004

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The documents in this fascinating volume focus on the "contagion of rebellion" that followed the Black Death, which ravaged Europe in the years between 1355 and 1382. They comprise a diversity of sources and cover a variety of forms of popular protest in different social, political and economic settings. Their authors include revolutionaries, the artistocracy, merchants and representatives from the church. Of more than 200 documents presented here, most have been translated into English for the first time, providing students and scholars with a new opportunity to compare social movements across Europe over two centuries.

Series editor's foreword

Acknowledgements

xvi

List of maps

xvii

Notes to the reader

xviii

Introduction

(14)

Before the Black Death, 1245--1348

(72)

Flanders and Northern France

(22)

A crusade of shepherds and many children, 1251

(1)

Legislation against strikes in Douai in 1245

(1)

Strikes and disturbances to work in Douai, 1266

(1)

Sentences against cloth workers on strike in Douai, 1280

(1)

Inquest at Poperinghe, after the rebellion of textile workers in Ypres (Ieper), 3 April 1280

(1)

The Count of Flanders fines the drapers after the revolt of textile workers, known as the Cockeruelle, Ypres, 1281

(1)

Revolt against the mayor and city council of Rouen in 1281

(1)

Weavers' revolt in Tournai, 1281

(1)

Legislation against strikes for higher wages; argument for the swift repression of revolts; advice against overtaxing the poor, Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, c. 1283

(1)

Revolt of commoners against their masters and the officials of the king, Rouen, 1291

(1)

Revolt in Flanders of the people of little wealth, 1297

(1)

Revolt in Bruges and Ghent against the patricians and taxes, 1301

(1)

An Italian's account of the revolt of Bruges, 1299--1301

(3)

Commoners revolt against changes in currency and the rise of rents in Paris, 1307

(2)

Tax revolt in Tournai, 1307

(3)

Revolt of fullers, Tournai, 1307

(1)

Shepherds' movement, 1320

(1)

Revolt of Flanders, 1323--28: Chronicon comitum Flandrensium

(2)

Revolt of Flanders, 1324--28: Anciennes Chroniques de Flandre

(2)

Revolt of Bruges, 1323: an Italian view

(1)

`A general rebellion' against new taxes, Rouen, 1347

(1)

Southern France

(1)

Two clerics accused of heresy for leading a revolt in Carcassonne, 1306

(1)

Central and Northern Italy

(40)

The rise of the Primo Popolo: the people's victory over the aristocracy, Florence, 1250

(2)

Tax revolt in Venice, 1266

(1)

Gran tumulto in Viterbo, 1282: the people chase the nobility out of the city

(2)

Magnates versus merchants and the `weak': the first anti-magnate laws in Florence, 1293

(1)

The revolt of `the people without underpants', Bologna, 1289

(1)

Aristocratic backlash in Florence, 1295

(2)

`How the magnates of Florence instigated a revolt to break the People', 1295

(2)

Revolt of disenfranchised gentlemen, Venice, 1299

(1)

Fra Dolcino's heretical kingdom, 1305--7

(1)

A Sienese account of Fra Dolcino's movement

(1)

A riot of butchers and blacksmiths, Siena, 1318

(3)

Student solidarity, Bologna, 1321

(1)

`Of the riots and great turmoil that occurred in the city of Pisa', 1322

(1)

A match of fisticuffs explodes into city-wide riots in Siena, 1324

(2)

The political consequences of food shortages in Rome, 1328

(1)

How the Florentines avoided food riots, 1328--30

(1)

Florentine craftsmen start up clubs and have parties, 1333

(1)

The people topple the Doges in Genoa and Savona, 1339

(1)

The people of Ancona hound out their Magnates, 1342

(1)

A revolution from above: the Duke of Athens sides with the lowliest artisans and workers of Florence, 1342--43

(2)

The Duke of Athens flies the banner of the people in a, last-ditch attempt to placate them

(1)

A mad lord rouses wool carders to revolt against taxes and the fat cats, Florence, 1343

(2)

A street-corner revolt, Florence, 1343

(1)

A riot of wool carders and the lower classes [gente minuta] explodes in Florence, 1343

(1)

A union of wool workers with a strike fund, Florence, 1345

(1)

The popolo minuto of Siena organise secret meetings and revolt

(2)

The Podesta of Florence condemns the insurgents of Siena, 1346

(2)

Cola di Rienzo's revolt of Rome and his rise as champion [tribuno] of the People, 1347

(2)

Farm workers in the contado of Florence go on strike, 1347

(1)

Southern Italy

(5)

Rural and small-town insurrections in southern Italy, 1310--28

(3)

The villagers of Lauria, Basilicata, overthrow their governor, 1317

(1)

Tax revolt in Ascoli-Piceno, Marche, 1269

(1)

A peace march by small children in Naples, 1347

(1)

From the Black Death to 1378

(56)

Northern France and Flanders

(6)

The merchants' revolt against new royal taxes, Rouen, 1351

(1)

Seizure of the royal castle at Rouen, 1358

(1)

Internecine artisan conflict in Bruges and its resolution, 1359

(2)

The weavers and fullers of Flanders unite, 1360

(1)

Tax revolt in Tournai, 1365

(3)

Southern France

(10)

The Tuchins: a retrospective view from the north

(2)

Locals try to rid their region of a band of Tuchins, 1367

101

(1)

The Tuchins and personal antagonisms in a village outside Saint-Flour

102

(2)

Tuchins, cattle raids, and the gang of Guillaume Gracia

104

(1)

Village assassins and the early training of a Tuchin

105

(1)

Conflict between aristocrats and commoners in the region of Toulouse, 1364

106

(1)

The people of Carcassonne attack a royal castle, 1364

107

(2)

Italy

109

(34)

A tavern riot over earlier election results, 1348

109

(1)

A riot of the `people' cut down to size by the Bentivoglio of Bologna, 1350

110

(1)

The Roman people [popolo] kick Luca Savelli out of town, 1353

111

(1)

The popolo minuto, magnates, and the emperor boot the Nine out of Siena, 1355

112

(5)

The organisation of the guilds in the new regime of the Twelve, Siena, 1355

117

(1)

Tax revolt in Ravenna, 1357

118

(2)

Taxes beyond measure, Bologna, 1357

120

(1)

Conspiracy of artisans, workers, priests, and friars, Pisa, 1360

121

(1)

Independence and resistance of a subject town, Montalcino, 1359

122

(1)

Riot over the cardinal's pretty little dog, Viterbo, 1367

123

(1)

A grain riot in Florence because of the high price of bread, 1368

124

(2)

Regime change in Siena, six governments in five months, 1368-69

126

(3)

A failed conspiracy of artisans, Lucca, 1369: a chronicler's view

129

(1)

A failed conspiracy of artisans, Lucca, 1369: the judicial records

130

(2)

Revolt of the wool workers in Perugia, 1371

132

(1)

Wool workers and carders of Siena clash with their bosses over wages: the revolt of the Club of the Caterpillar, 1371

133

(2)

Domestic servants of the Governor of Cortona attempt to kill him and overthrow the government, 1371

135

(1)

A subject town rebels, Galliano, Lucchesia, 1372

135

(1)

Overthrow of Papal authority in Cento, 1375

136

(1)

The city of Fermo rebels against the Papacy and creates a government of the People, 1375

137

(1)

Revolt of mountain men against the cardinal legate of Bologna, 1376: the story from the judicial records

137

(3)

The same: the chroniclers' view

140

(1)

Ascoli creates a government of the People and rebels against the Church, 1377

141

(2)

The Jacquerie

143

(58)

A view from the church elite: Jean le Bel

150

(5)

An aristocrat's view: Froissart

155

(3)

A view from the Norman clergy

158

(5)

A view of a provincial knight

163

(3)

The official view of the king's chronicler

166

(3)

Another view close to the royal councillors: the chronicler of the abbey of Saint-Denis

169

(1)

The view of a Carmelite: the chronicle of the supposed Jean de Venette

170

(2)

An outsider's view from the north of England

172

(1)

An outsider's view from Florence

173

(3)

A minor courtier's view

176

(1)

Letter of Etienne Marcel to the Communes of Picardy and Flanders

177

(1)

A soldier's view: the testimony of Bascot de Mauleon in 1388

178

(1)

Letters of remission: annulment of penalties meted out to the city of Paris

179

(2)

Authorisation given to the chapter of Meaux to close the gates of a street, July 1358

181

(1)

Remission granted to Jean de Congi, bourgeois of the Marche of Meaux

182

(1)

Remission granted to Guillaume de Chavenoil, priest and canon of Meaux

183

(1)

Remission granted to Jean Chandelier, draper, resident of the Marche of Meaux

183

(1)

Remission granted to Hue of Sailleville, elected by the villagers of Angicourt as their captain

184

(1)

Remission granted to Colart du Four, a rebel of the Beauvaisis

185

(1)

Remission granted to Jean Hersent, who announced Etienne Marcel's order to assemble all the men of the region to arm themselves

186

(1)

General remission granted to the villagers of Bettancourt and Vroil

187

(1)

Remission granted to Jean Morel, curate of Blacy, who had been forced to follow his parishioners to an assembly of commoners

188

(1)

Fragment of a letter of remission mentioning an attempt by Pierre de Montfort to spread revolutionary propaganda in the city of Caen

189

(1)

Remission granted to Jean Flageolet of Favresse, elected as leader of several villages of Perthois

190

(1)

Remission granted to Mahieu de Leurel, mason, condemned as an accomplice to the execution of Jean Bernier

191

(1)

Remission granted to Guillaume le Fevre, bourgeois of Paris and fishmonger, giving the false reasons for the Parisians revolt against the king

192

(2)

Letter of Charles, granting to the marshal of Boucicaut the use rights of all properties which had belonged personally to Robert le Coq, bishop of Laon

194

(1)

Letter of pardon of King John II to the Parisians involved in the revolt

195

(2)

Remission granted to the inhabitants of Amiens, concerning various crimes and excesses they committed

197

(2)

Remission granted to those rebels who planned to seize the city of Paris

199

(2)

The Revolt of the Ciompi, 1378--82

201

(60)

A diary of the Ciompi by an anonymous Florentine, 1378--82

206

(32)

Petitions granted to artisans and other workers, 21 July 1378

238

(2)

On Michele di Lando

240

(2)

Economic and social policies of the Ciompi

242

(1)

On the Eight of Santa Maria Novella, 27 August 1378

243

(1)

The revolution betrayed, 27--29 August 1378

244

(1)

Criminal proceedings against the Ciompi and the radicals of the Eight of Santa Maria Novella, August 1378

245

(4)

The laws transforming the government of the Ciompi to that of the Minor Guilds

249

(2)

The chronicle of a worker

251

(7)

Dissension between the guild of the dyers and the wool bosses, 1380

258

(1)

The end of the two revolutionary guilds of workmen, February 1382

259

(2)

The Cluster North of the Alps, 1378-82

261

(77)

Northern France and Flanders

267

(58)

The first popular uprising [commocione] before the crowning of King Charles VI

267

(3)

The king eases the tax burden imposed by his father on the people

270

(3)

Crimes committed by the Parisian insurgents, particularly against the Jews

273

(1)

The lords try in vain to re-impose the subsidies on the plebes

274

(1)

The uprisings at Paris and Rouen because of the subsidies, 1382

275

(6)

The people of Rouen are punished for their crimes

281

(1)

The king pardons the Parisians for their offence

281

(1)

The Parisians refuse the subsidies with a new stubbornness

282

(3)

Philippe van Artevelde vigorously urges the Flemings to fight valiantly, 1383

285

(1)

The French pursue the Flemings as they flee

286

(1)

Tax revolts and attacks on Jews in Paris, 1380

287

(1)

Tax revolts in Picardy, 1380

288

(1)

The Harelle of Rouen and its ramifications for the commoners of Paris

289

(3)

The Harelle, according to Pierre Cochon

292

(2)

The hammer men of Paris and the spread of tax revolts through Langue d'oil

294

(5)

The hammer men according to Pierre Cochon

299

(1)

The hammer men according to Cousinot le Chancelier

300

(1)

The hammer men according to Jean Froissart

301

(1)

The eyewitness account of the Florentine Buonaccorso Pitti

302

(1)

The `troubles' in Flanders in 1379 to 1382

303

(2)

Ordinance of the three estates of Langue d'oil, abolishing all the taxes set since the reign of Philippe le Bel

305

(1)

Renunciation imposed on the abbey of Saint-Ouen during the uprising of the Harelle, 25 February 1381 [2]

306

(1)

Charter of Charles VI granting pardon to those of Rouen for the uprising of the Harelle, 5 April 1381 [2]

307

(1)

Charter of Charles VI suppressing the Commune of Rouen

308

(3)

Remission to a vendor of vinegar for acts of rebellion during the hammer men's revolt

311

(1)

Remission to a furrier's journeyman for acts of rebellion during the hammer men's revolt

312

(2)

Remission to a poor man for acts of rebellion during the hammer men's revolt

314

(1)

An innocent bystander swept up in the crowds of the hammer men

315

(1)

A wool shearer and the massacre of Jews in the hammer men's revolt

315

(1)

Remission to a salt merchant for acts of rebellion during the hammer men's revolt

316

(1)

Hammer men pardoned for crimes of rebellion on 1 March 1382, identified by occupation

317

(1)

Tax revolts in Laon, 1380

318

(2)

The troubles in Saint-Quentin, 1380

320

(1)

Tax evasion in Dieppe, 1382

321

(1)

A rope-maker stirs up rebellion in Caen, early 1380s

322

(1)

Collective fine against the bourgeois and commoners of Caen because of their rebellion, early 1380s

323

(1)

Eustache Deschamps's ballad of the hammer men

324

(1)

Southern France

325

(13)

Tax revolt sparked in the cathedral at Le Puy when the Virgin was unveiled, 1378

325

(2)

A notice of the revolt in Beziers, 1381

327

(1)

Rebellion in Montpellier according to the official chronicler of King Charles V, 1379

327

(1)

Rebellion in Montpellier according to a local chronicler

328

(1)

Revolt of Clermont de Lodeve, 1379

329

(2)

Revolt in Ales, 1380

331

(1)

Rebellions and raids in the region of Toulouse in 1381 and 1382

332

(3)

The ravages of the companies in the Velay

335

(1)

Tax revolt in Lyon, 1382

336

(2)

EPILOGUE: After the Cluster, 1382-1423

338

(38)

France

How the University of Paris had a big quarrel with Lord Charles of Savoy, 1404

341

(2)

A student brawl in Orleans, 13 November 1408

343

(1)

The revolt of the butchers and the people of the wretched estate [vil estat] of Paris, March 1413

344

(1)

Rebellion of Paris and the imprisonment of the dukes of Bar and of Bavaria, April 1413

345

(1)

The first revolt of the Parisians, sparked by the most squalid, April 1413

346

(2)

The laws inspired by the butcher Caboche, May 1413

348

(1)

Rebellion at Chalons-en-Champagne, 1418

349

(1)

Southern France

350

(1)

Raids and illicit agreements with the enemy in the war-torn mountains above Saint-Flour, 1391

350

(1)

Italy

351

(25)

The Ciompi try to restore their revolutionary guilds, 24 January 1382

351

(1)

Another failed attempt by the Ciompi and the successful counterrevolution by the old families

352

(3)

How rioting again erupted in Florence with the Ciompi and those recently recalled from exile arming themselves, March 1382

355

(1)

How the Ciompi and the exiles re-armed, hoping to bring about a new order [nuova cosa], March 1382

355

(1)

How a conspiracy was planned in Florence solely by those of the lower orders [gente minuta], July 1383

356

(1)

Perugia rioted, March 1383: a contemporary version from Siena

357

(1)

Perugia rioted: a later version from Perugia

357

(1)

A riot in Perugia to change the regime and in support of the Church, July 1392

358

(1)

Art and co-optation of the people's victory, Perugia, 1392

359

(1)

How the Captain of the Emergency Council [Balia] in Florence cut off the heads of several artisans and hanged others, 1393

359

(1)

Peasant revolt in Parma, 1385

360

(1)

A peasant revolt outside Ferrara, April 1395

361

(1)

Mountain peasants lay siege to the Florentine stronghold of Firenzuola, 1402

362

(5)

The Florentine state makes major concessions to the mountain rebels of the Alpi Fiorentine, 1402-3

367

(3)

Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli's version of the mountain rebels, 1402

370

(1)

Gregorio Dati's version of the same

371

(1)

Village rivalry near Monte San Savino, 1406

372

(2)

Village vigilantes seek justice after a monstrous murder of a baby in its crib, 1423

374

(1)

The people of the city and countryside of Siena curse the city rulers, 1423[4]

374

(2)

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Popular Protest in Late-Medieval Europe Italy, France and Flanders

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