Portable Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing

, by Kirszner, Laurie G.; Mandell, Stephen R.

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ISBN: 9781413022810 | 1413022812
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 3/30/2006

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Designed for literature classes that only need the essentials, The PORTABLE LITERATURE: READING, REACTING, WRITING, Sixth Edition is the affordable, portable alternative to full length-or even compact-introduction to literature texts.

Preface

xxiv

PART 1 A GUIDE TO WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE

(70)

1 READING AND WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE

(34)

Reading Literature

(4)

Previewing

(1)

Highlighting

(1)

Checklist: Using Highlighting Symbols

(1)

Maya Angelou, My Arkansas

(2)

Annotating

(1)

Writing about Literature

(30)

Planning an Essay

(6)

Drafting an Essay

(1)

Revising and Editing an Essay

(7)

Checklist: Using Sources

(1)

Checklist: Conventions of Writing about Literature

(1)

Three Model Student Papers

(15)

Student Paper: "The Secret Lion": Everything Changes

(4)

Student Paper: Digging for Memories

(4)

Student Paper: Desperate Measures: Acts of Defiance in Trifles

(6)

2 WRITING LITERARY ARGUMENTS

(16)

Planning a Literary Argument

(3)

Choosing a Debatable Topic

(1)

Developing an Argumentative Thesis

(1)

Defining Your Terms

(1)

Considering Your Audience

(1)

Refuting Opposing Arguments

(1)

Using Evidence Effectively

(3)

Supporting Your Literary Argument

(1)

Establishing Credibility

(2)

Being Fair

(1)

Using Visuals as Evidence

(1)

Organizing a literary Argument

(10)

Sample Student Paper: Writing a Literary Argument

(9)

Student Paper: The Politics of "Everyday Use"

(8)

3 DOCUMENTING SOURCES AND AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

(18)

Avoiding Plagiarism

(3)

Document All Material That Requires Documentation

(1)

Enclose Borrowed Words in Quotation Marks

(1)

Do Not Imitate a Source's Syntax and Phrasing

(1)

Differentiate Your Words from Those of Your Source

(1)

Checklist: Plagiarism and Internet Sources

(1)

Documenting Sources

(4)

Parenthetical References in the Text

(17)

Checklist: Guidelines for Punctuating Parenthetical References

(3)

The Works-Cited List

(9)

Content Notes

(2)

PART 2 FICTION

(366)

4 UNDERSTANDING FICTION

(12)

Origins of Modern Fiction

(6)

The History of the Novel

(4)

The History of the Short Story

(1)

Defining the Short Story

(5)

Ernest Hemingway, Hills Like White Elephants

(5)

Recognizing Kinds of fiction

(1)

5 FICTION SAMPLER: THE SHORT-SHORT

(15)

Gary Gildner, Sleepy Time Gal

(2)

Jonathan Safran Foer, A Primer for the Punctuation of Heart Disease

(5)

Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings

(3)

Jamaica Kincaid, Girl

(1)

Amanda Holzer, Love and Other Catastrophes: A Mix Tape

(1)

Monica Ware, Mislaid Plans

(2)

6 PLOT

100

(25)

Conflict

100

(1)

Stages of Plot

101

(1)

Order and Sequence

102

(20)

Checklist: Writing about Plot

103

(1)

Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour

103

(4)

Stephen Dobyns, Kansas

107

(6)

William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily

113

(9)

WRITING SUGGESTIONS: Plot

122

(3)

7 CHARACTER

125

(29)

Round and Flat Characters

125

(1)

Dynamic and Static Characters

126

(1)

Motivation

127

(26)

Checklist: Writing about Character

127

(1)

John Updike, A&P

128

(6)

Katherine Mansfield, Miss Brill

134

(5)

Charles Baxter, Gryphon

139

(14)

WRITING SUGGESTIONS: Character

153

(1)

8 SETTING

154

(28)

Historical Setting

155

(1)

Geographical Setting

155

(1)

Physical Setting

156

(25)

Checklist: Writing about Setting

157

(1)

Kate Chopin, The Storm

158

(5)

Sherman J. Alexie, This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona

163

(10)

Tillie Olsen, I Stand Here Ironing

173

(8)

WRITING SUGGESTIONS: Setting

181

(1)

9 POINT OF VIEW

182

(43)

First-Person Narrators

182

(3)

Unreliable Narrators

183

(2)

Third-Person Narrators

185

(2)

Omniscient Narrators

185

(1)

Limited Omniscient Narrators

186

(1)

Objective Narrators

187

(1)

Selecting an Appropriate Point of View

187

(37)

Checklist: Selecting an Appropriate Point of View: Review

190

(1)

Checklist: Writing about Point of View

191

(1)

Richard Wright, Big Black Good Man

191

(12)

Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado

203

(6)

William Faulkner, Barn Burning

209

(15)

WRITING SUGGESTIONS: Point of View

224

(1)

10 STYLE, TONE, AND LANGUAGE

225

(1)

Style and Tone

225

(1)

The Uses of Language

225

(2)

Formal and Informal Diction

227

(2)

Imagery

229

(1)

Figures of Speech

230

(36)

Checklist: Writing about Style, Tone, and Language

231

(1)

James Joyce, Araby

231

(7)

Flannery O'Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find

238

(13)

Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried

251

(15)

WRITING SUGGESTIONS: Style, Tone, and Language

266

(1)

11 SYMBOL, ALLEGORY, AND MYTH

267

(1)

Symbol

267

(2)

Literary Symbols

268

(1)

Recognizing Symbols

269

(1)

Allegory

269

(2)

Myth

271

(42)

Checklist: Writing about Symbol, Allegory, and Myth

273

(1)

Shirley Jackson, The Lottery

273

(8)

Alice Walker, Everyday Use

281

(8)

Raymond Carver, Cathedral

289

(13)

Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown

302

(11)

WRITING SUGGESTIONS: Symbol, Allegory, and Myth

313

(1)

12 THEME

314

(1)

Interpreting Themes

315

(1)

Identifying Themes

316

(36)

Checklist: Writing about Theme 318

Eudora Welty, A Worn Path

319

(7)

David Michael Kaplan, Doe Season

326

(13)

D.H. Lawrence, The Rocking-Horse Winner

339

(13)

WRITING SUGGESTIONS: Theme

352

(1)

13 FICTION FOR FURTHER READING

353

(1)

Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson

353

(6)

T. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy Lake

359

(8)

Gabriel Garcia Márquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings

367

(5)

Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper

372

(12)

Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?

384

(13)

Flannery O'Connor, Everything That Rises Must Converge

397

(12)

Edgar Allan Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart

409

(3)

Alberto Alvaro Rios, The Secret Lion

412

(4)

Amy Tan, Two Kinds

416

(9)

Hisaye Yamamoto, Seventeen Syllables

425

(12)

PART 3 POETRY

437

(1)

14 UNDERSTANDING POETRY

439

(270)

Marianne Moore, Poetry

439

(1)

Nikki Giovanni, Poetry

440

(1)

Origins of Modern Poetry

441

(6)

Bob Holman, 6 Short Poems

446

(1)

Defining Poetry

447

(3)

William Shakespeare, That time of year thou mayst in me behold

448

(1)

Louis Zukofsky, I walk in the old street

448

(1)

E.E. Cummings, I(a

449

(1)

Recognizing Kinds of Poetry

450

(4)

Narrative Poetry

450

(1)

Lyric Poetry

450

(2)

15 POETRY SAMPLER: VISUAL POETRY

452

(7)

George Herbert, Easter Wings

454

(1)

May Swenson, Women

455

(1)

Greg Williamson, Group Photo with Winter Trees

455

(1)

Charles Bernstein, this poem intentionally left blank

456

(1)

Ian Hamilton Finlay, Acrobats

456

(1)

Reed Altemus and Jim Leftwich, Flake upper phase

457

(1)

Bob Grumman, Mathemaku No. 10

458

(1)

16 VOICE

459

(1)

Emily Dickinson, I'm nobody! Who are you?

459

(1)

The Speaker in the Poem

459

(12)

Louise Glück, Gretel in Darkness

460

(2)

Leonard Adamé, My Grandmother Would Rock Quietly and Hum

462

(2)

Langston Hughes, Negro

464

(1)

Robert Browning, My Last Duchess

465

(2)

FURTHER READING: The Speaker in the Poem

467

(1)

Leslie Marmon Silko, Where Mountain Lion Lay Down with Deer

467

(1)

Janice Mirikitani, Suicide Note

468

(2)

Pat Mora, Veiled

470

(1)

The Tone of the Poem

471

(8)

Robert Frost, Fire and Ice

471

(1)

Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed

472

(1)

Amy Lowell, Patterns

473

(3)

FURTHER READING: Myth

615

(1)

William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan

615

(1)

W.H. Auden, Musee des Beaux Arts

616

(1)

T.S. Eliot, Journey of the Magi

617

(4)

Checklist: Writing about Symbol, Allegory, Allusion, Myth

619

(1)

WRITING SUGGESTIONS: Symbol, Allegory, Allusion, Myth

620

(1)

23 DISCOVERING THEMES IN POETRY

621

(1)

Poems about Parents

621

(7)

Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz

622

(1)

Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays

623

(1)

Edna St. Vincent Millay, The courage that my mother had

623

(1)

Seamus Heaney, Digging

624

(1)

Raymond Carver, Photograph of my Father in His Twenty-Second Year

625

(1)

Mitsuye Yamada, The Night Before Good-bye

625

(1)

Wanda Coleman, Dear Mama

626

(1)

Dylan Thomas, Do not go gentle into that good night

627

(1)

Poems about Nature

628

(6)

William Wordsworth, I wandered lonely as a cloud

628

(1)

Christina Rossetti, Summer

629

(1)

Gerard Manley Hopkins, The Windhover

630

(1)

Robert Frost, Birches

631

(1)

William Stafford, Traveling through the Dark

632

(1)

Joy Harjo, Morning Song

633

(1)

Richard Wilbur, In Trackless Woods

633

(1)

Poems about Love

634

(3)

Robert Browning, Meeting at Night

635

(1)

Robert Browning, Parting at Morning

635

(1)

Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee?

635

(1)

Edna St. Vincent Millay, What Lips My Lips Have Kissed

636

(1)

Dorothy Parker, General Review of the Sex Situation

636

(1)

Poems about War

637

(7)

Rupert Brooke, The Soldier

638

(1)

Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est

638

(1)

Robert Lowell, For the Union Dead

639

(2)

Denise Levertov, What Were They Like?

641

(1)

Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It

642

(1)

Wislawa Szymborska, The End and the Beginning

643

(1)

WRITING SUGGESTIONS: Discovering Themes in Poetry

644

(1)

24 POETRY FOR FURTHER READING

645

(66)

Sherman J. Alexie, Defending Walt Whitman

645

(2)

Maya Angelou, Africa

647

(1)

Anonymous, Bonny Barbara Allan

647

(2)

Anonymous, Go Down Moses

649

(1)

Anonymous, Western Wind

650

(1)

Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach

650

(1)

Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish

651

(2)

William Blake, The Lamb

653

(1)

William Blake, To see a World in a Grain of Sand

653

(1)

William Blake, The Tyger

653

(1)

Anne Bradstreet, The Author to Her Book

654

(1)

Gwendolyn Brooks, Medgar Evers

655

(1)

George Gordon, Lord Byron, She Walks in Beauty

655

(1)

Thomas Campion, There is a garden in her face

656

(1)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan

657

(1)

Billy Collins, Introduction to Poetry

658

(1)

Hart Crane, To Brooklyn Bridge

659

(1)

E.E. Cummings, Buffalo Bill's

660

(1)

E.E. Cummings, next to of course god america i

660

(1)

Emily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for Death—

661

(1)

Emily Dickinson, "Faith" is a fine invention

662

(1)

Emily Dickinson, I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—

662

(1)

John Donne, Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God

662

(1)

John Donne, Death Be Not Proud

663

(1)

John Donne, The Flea

663

(1)

Rita Dove, Fox Trot Fridays

664

(1)

Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask

665

(1)

T.S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

665

(4)

Louise Erdrich, Indian Boarding School: The Runaways

669

(1)

Robert Frost, Mending Wall

670

(1)

Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken

671

(1)

Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

672

(1)

H.D. (Hilda Doolittle), Helen

672

(1)

Thomas Hardy, The Convergence of the Twain

673

(1)

Seamus Heaney, Mid-Term Break

674

(1)

Edward Hirsch, Fast Break

675

(1)

Gerard Manley Hopkins, God's Grandeur

676

(1)

Langston Hughes, Theme for English B

677

(1)

Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers

678

(1)

John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci: A Ballad

679

(1)

John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn

680

(2)

John Keats, When I Have Fears

682

(1)

Aron Keesbury, On the Robbery across the Street

682

(1)

Yusef Komunyakaa, Ignis Fatuus

683

(1)

Ted Kooser, Selecting a Reader

684

(1)

Archibald MacLeish, Ars Poetica

685

(1)

Christopher Marlowe, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love

685

(1)

Claude McKay, If We Must Die

686

(1)

James Merrill, Page from the Koran

687

(1)

Pablo Neruda, The United Fruit Co.

687

(1)

Sharon Olds, The One Girl at the Boys' Party

688

(1)

Marge Piercy, Barbie Doll

689

(1)

Robert Pinsky, Shirt

690

(1)

Sylvia Plath, Mirror

691

(1)

Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter

692

(1)

Sir Walter Raleigh, The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd

693

(1)

Henry Reed, Naming of Parts

694

(1)

Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory

695

(1)

Sonia Sanchez, right on: white america

695

(1)

Carl Sandburg, Fog

696

(1)

William Shakespeare, Let me not to the marriage of true minds

696

(1)

William Shakespeare, Not marble, nor the gilded monuments

697

(1)

Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Wind

697

(3)

Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar

700

(1)

Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-Cream

700

(1)

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses

701

(2)

Phillis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America

703

(1)

Walt Whitman, A Noiseless Patient Spider

703

(1)

Walt Whitman, from "Song of Myself"

703

(2)

William Wordsworth, London, 1802

705

(1)

William Wordsworth, My heart leaps up when I behold

705

(1)

William Butler Yeats, Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop

706

(1)

William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree

706

(1)

William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium

707

(1)

William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming

708

(1)

PART 4 DRAMA

709

(1)

25 UNDERSTANDING DRAMA

711

Origins of Modern Drama

711

(9)

The Ancient Greek Theater

711

(2)

The Elizabethan Theater

713

(3)

The Modern Theater

716

(4)

A Note on Translations

720

(2)

Reading Drama

722

(1)

Anton Chekhov, The Brute

723

(12)

26 DRAMA SAMPLER: TEN-MINUTE PLAYS

735

(1)

Jane Martin, Beauty

736

(5)

José Rivera, Tape

741

(4)

Arlene Hutton, I Dream Before I Take the Stand

745

(15)

Warren Leight, Nine Ten

760

(6)

27 PLOT

766

(1)

Plot Structure

766

(2)

Plot and Subplot

767

(1)

Plot Development

768

(72)

Flashbacks

769

(1)

Foreshadowing

769

(1)

Checklist: Writing about Plot

769

(1)

Susan Glaspell, Trifles

770

(13)

Henrik Ibsen, A Doll House

783

(57)

WRITING SUGGESTIONS: Plot

840

(1)

28 CHARACTER

841

(1)

Characters' Words

842

(5)

Formal and Informal Language

844

(1)

Plain and Elaborate Language

844

(2)

Tone

846

(1)

Irony

846

(1)

Characters' Actions

847

(1)

Stage Directions

848

(2)

Actors' Interpretations

850

(191)

Checklist: Writing about Character

851

(1)

August Strindberg, The Stronger

852

(6)

Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman

858

(76)

William Shakespeare, Hamlet

934

(107)

WRITING SUGGESTIONS: Character

1041

(1)

29 STAGING

1042

(1)

Stage Directions

1042

(2)

The Uses of Staging

1044

(2)

Costumes

1044

(1)

Props and Furnishings

1044

(1)

Scenery and Lighting

1045

(1)

Music and Sound Effects

1046

(1)

A Final Note

1046

(44)

Checklist: Writing about Staging

1047

(1)

Sophocles, Oedipus the King

1047

(43)

WRITING SUGGESTIONS: Staging

1090

(1)

30 THEME

1091

(1)

Titles

1091

(1)

Conflicts

1092

(1)

Dialogue

1093

(1)

Characters

1093

(1)

Staging

1094

(1)

A Final Note

1095

(109)

Checklist: Writing about Theme

1095

(1)

August Wilson, Fences

1096

(55)

Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie

1151

(53)

WRITING SUGGESTIONS: Theme

1204

Credits

Index of First Lines of Poetry

Index of Authors and Titles

Index of Literary Terms

I11

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Portable Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials