Post-Traumatic and Acute Stress Disorders:

Post-Traumatic and Acute Stress Disorders is one of a series of timesaving books from Compact Clinicals. In clear, consice language, these books provide professionals with up-to-date assessment and tr

Overview of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

1

(8)

What is Trauma?

2

(1)

What is the History and Prevalence of PTSD?

3

(1)

Historical Overview

3

(1)

Prevalence

4

(1)

What are the Main Characteristics of PTSD?

4

(2)

Reexperiencing Symptoms

4

(2)

Avoidant/Numbing Symptoms

6

(1)

Hyperarousal Symptoms

6

(1)

Can PTSD be Prevented?

6

(1)

How Severe and Chronic is PTSD?

7

(2)

Diagnosing and Assessing PTSD

9

(12)

What are the DSM-IV (TR) Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD?

9

(6)

The Traumatic Stress Criterion

9

(1)

The A1 Exposure Criterion

9

(2)

The A2 Distress Criterion

11

(1)

Multiple Traumas

11

(4)

How Should Clinicians Approach Initial Patient Interviews?

15

(2)

What Tools are Available for Diagnosing PTSD?

17

(1)

Using Structured Interviews and Questionnaires

17

(1)

How do you Differentiate PTSD from Comorbid and Other Disorders?

18

(3)

Global Treatment Issues for PTSD

21

(12)

What are the Timing and Priority Issues Related to Treatment?

21

(2)

Timing Issues for Seeking Treatment

21

(2)

Priority Issues for Treatment

23

(1)

What General Considerations Exist for Choosing a Specific Treatment Option?

23

(1)

What PTSD Treatment-Focus Issues Exist?

24

(5)

Trauma Focus

24

(1)

Trauma Focus vs. Supportive Therapy

24

(1)

Combined Treatment

25

(1)

Treatment of Comorbid Disorders

26

(1)

Alcohol or Drug Abuse / Dependence

26

(1)

Co-Existing Psychiatric Disorders

26

(1)

``Complex PTSD''

27

(1)

Cross-Cultural Considerations

28

(1)

Recovered Memories

28

(1)

What are the Major Personal Issues for Clinicians Treating Those with PTSD?

29

(4)

Therapeutic Neutrality vs. Advocacy

29

(1)

Secondary Traumatization

30

(1)

Countertransference

30

(1)

Clinician Self-Care

31

(2)

Psychological Treatments for PTSD

33

(18)

What Specific Psychological Treatments are Available for Adults with PTSD?

33

(14)

Psychoeducation

33

(1)

Psychoeducation to Initiate Therapeutic Activity

34

(1)

Psychoeducation through Peer Counseling

35

(1)

Individual Psychotherapies

36

(1)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

36

(6)

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

42

(1)

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

43

(1)

Group Therapies

44

(1)

Psychodynamic Focus Group Therapy

45

(1)

Cognitive Behavioral Focus Group Therapy

45

(1)

Supportive Group Therapy

46

(1)

Untested Treatments

46

(1)

What Psychological Treatments are Available for Children and Adolescents with PTSD?

47

(4)

Treatment Efficacy for Children and Adolescents

48

(3)

Pharmacological Treatments for PTSD

51

(14)

How Does the Human Stress Response Occur?

51

(3)

Fight, Flight, or Freeze Reaction

51

(1)

The General Adaptation Syndrome

52

(2)

What Psychobiological Abnormalities Occur in Those with PTSD?

54

(3)

Adrenergic System

54

(1)

HPA System

55

(1)

Serotonergic System

55

(1)

Neurotransmission

56

(1)

How can Medications Best be Used to Treat PTSD?

57

(8)

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

60

(1)

Other Second-Generation Antidepressants

61

(1)

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

61

(1)

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

61

(1)

Antiadrenergic Agents

62

(1)

Anticonvulsants

62

(1)

Benzodiazepines

63

(1)

Antipsychotic Agents

63

(2)

Strategies for Acute Stress Reactions and Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)

65

(14)

What are Normal Acute, Post-Traumatic Distress Reactions?

67

(1)

What is Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)?

68

(1)

What Challenges Exist for Diagnosing ASD?

68

(4)

Risk Factors for ASD

68

(1)

Distinguishing ASD from PTSD

69

(1)

Understanding DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria

70

(1)

Conducting a Clinical Interview for ASD

70

(2)

Using ASD Assessment and Diagnostic Tools

72

(1)

Counseling the Patient with an Acute Stress Reaction

72

(1)

What Treatment Approaches are Used for Traumatic Event Survivors?

72

(7)

Psychological Interventions Used for Treating Acute Distress

74

(1)

Psychological Debriefing

74

(1)

Psychological Debriefing Effectiveness in Preventing Later PTSD

75

(1)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

76

(1)

Treating Acutely Traumatized Children

76

(1)

Pharmacological Treatments and Acute Distress

77

(2)

Appendix A: PTSD Assessment Tools for Adults

79

(8)

Appendix B: PTSD Assessment Tools for Children

87

(4)

Appendix C: ASD Assessment Tools

91

(2)

Glossary

93

(4)

References

97

(14)

Index

111

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Post-Traumatic and Acute Stress Disorders: The Latest Assessment and Treatment Strategies

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials