Poverty and Exclusion in a Global World,

This volume looks at the three dimensions of social exclusion: economic, social and political. Exclusion is analyzed as a new approach to such issues as the "new" poverty, precariousness, long-term unemployment, social polarization and lack of citizenship. The book shows how relational and distributional aspects of poverty are interlinked.

A.S. Bhalla is an Economic Consultant based in Geneva, Switzerland.

Frederic Lapeyre is Professor at the Institute of Development Studies of the Catholic University of Louvain and member of the United Nations Intellectual History Project.

List of Tables

xi

List of Figures

xiii

Preface

xv

Preface to the Second Edition

xxi

Acknowledgements

xxiii

List of Abbreviations

xxv

1 Defining Exclusion

1

(32)

1.1 A short history of the concept

2

(6)

1.2 Underlying theoretical paradigms

8

(4)

1.3 On poverty, deprivation and exclusion

12

(4)

1.4 Different dimensions of the concept

16

(10)

1.4.1 The economic dimension

17

(1)

1.4.2 The social dimension

18

(3)

1.4.3 The political dimension

21

(5)

1.5 Towards a capability approach to exclusion

26

(2)

1.6 Main features of social exclusion

28

(2)

1.7 Conclusion

30

(3)

2 Towards an Analytical and Operational Framework

33

(26)

2.1 Distributional and relational problems

34

(1)

2.2 The role of social capital

35

(5)

2.2.1 Family, community and the state

37

(3)

2.3 Social capital, exclusion and growth

40

(7)

2.4 Need for an operational framework

47

(8)

2.4.1 Choice of indicators

47

(6)

2.4.2 Some examples

53

(2)

2.5 A matrix approach to exclusion

55

(4)

3 Unemployment, Precarious Jobs and Social Exclusion

59

(34)

3.1 Unemployment

60

(7)

3.1.1 Industrialized countries

60

(3)

3.1.2 Transition economies

63

(3)

3.1.3 Developing countries

66

(1)

3.2 Precarious and non-standard employment

67

(5)

3.2.1 Conceptual and methodological problems

70

(2)

3.3 Precarious jobs in industrialized and transition economies

72

(8)

3.3.1 Job insecurity and non-standard employment

73

(4)

3.3.2 Precarious jobs and social exclusion

77

(3)

3.4 Precarious employment in developing countries

80

(9)

3.4.1 Informalization of labour

81

(4)

3.4.2 Precarious employment in Greater Sao Paulo

85

(3)

3.4.3 Labour market heterogeneity, precariousness and exclusion

88

(1)

3.5 Concluding remarks

89

(4)

4 Exclusion in Industrialized Countries

93

(34)

4.1 The golden age of Fordism in the Western world

93

(2)

4.2 The crisis of Fordism

95

(1)

4.3 The new social question in Western Europe

96

(7)

4.4 The underclass debate in the UK and the USA

103

(8)

4.4.1 A controversial concept

104

(3)

4.4.2 Social exclusion vs underclass

107

(4)

4.5 The European Union strategy to fight exclusion

111

(6)

4.6 A case study of France

117

(7)

4.6.1 Distributional and relational aspects

118

(3)

4.6.2 Revenu minimum d'insertion (RMI) programme

121

(3)

4.7 Concluding remarks

124

(3)

5 The Transition Economies: Eastern Europe and Central Asia

127

(24)

5.1 The socioeconomic cost of transition

128

(7)

5.1.1 Poverty and inequality

129

(6)

5.2 The socialist legacy

135

(4)

5.3 The end of the 'honeymoon' period

139

(1)

5.4 Lack of effective voice channels

140

(6)

5.4.1 Lack of voice and social cohesion

143

(3)

5.5 Distributional and relational aspects of exclusion

146

(5)

6 Exclusion in Developing Countries

151

(30)

6.1 Marginalization and exclusion

151

(3)

6.2 Exclusion and poverty

154

(5)

6.3 Microcase studies of exclusion: a critique

159

(2)

6.4 Distribution, relations and social networks

161

(2)

6.5 The impact of social capital

163

(5)

6.5.1 Poverty alleviation

163

(3)

6.5.2 Community action and participation

166

(1)

6.5.3 Civil strife and social cohesion

167

(1)

6.6 The social and legal issues

168

(5)

6.6.1 Informalization and extra-legality

171

(1)

6.6.2 Crime and violence

172

(1)

6.7 Democratization and political exclusion

173

(6)

6.7.1 The Brazilian experience

176

(3)

6.8 Concluding remarks

179

(2)

7 Globalization and Exclusion

181

(18)

7.1 Globalization as an ideology

184

(3)

7.2 The neoliberal pattern of globalization

187

(4)

7.3 Social conflicts, growth and development

191

(3)

7.4 A new framework to fight poverty and exclusion

194

(2)

7.5 Conclusion

196

(3)

Notes

199

(6)

References

205

(18)

Name Index

223

(4)

Subject Index

227

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Poverty and Exclusion in a Global World, Second Edition

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials