Poverty Street

Ruth Lupton is a Research Fellow at the ESRC Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion at the London School of Economics and Political Science.

List of tables, figures and boxes

viii

Acknowledgements

x

List of acronyms

xiii

Introduction

1

(14)

Bridgefields

1

(4)

A widespread and growing problem

5

(2)

Ideology and policy

7

(2)

Thirty years of area-based policy

9

(3)

Enduring problems and enduring questions

12

(3)

one The 12 disadvantaged areas

15

(24)

The study and the areas

15

(7)

Area characteristics

22

(9)

Investigating area trajectories

31

(5)

Summary

36

(3)

two Historical poverty and the roots of decline

39

(28)

Long histories of concentrated poverty

39

(7)

Decline 1971-91

46

(15)

The poverty map and the poverty gap

61

(2)

Summary

63

(4)

three The 1990's: decline and divergence

67

(32)

Area fortunes pull apart: Southside and West-City

67

(3)

Uneven economic recovery

70

(3)

The nature of work

73

(1)

Unemployment and worklessness

74

(6)

Inequality, social change and social exclusion

80

(2)

Population drain and unpopular housing

82

(7)

Population growth and ethnic concentration

89

(4)

Home to the most marginalised and vulnerable

93

(2)

Continuing trends, new developments and diverging fortunes

95

(2)

Summary

97

(2)

four Management failure

99

(12)

Problems with public services

99

(1)

Inadequate levels of service provision

99

(6)

Operational problems and poorer quality

105

(2)

The barrier of mistrust

107

(2)

Summary

109

(2)

five Social interaction and neighbourhood stigma

111

(12)

Neighbourhood society

111

(1)

Strong but enclosed community

111

(3)

Myriad networks

114

(2)

'Community' shrinking under pressure

116

(3)

Network containment and neighbourhood stigma

119

(2)

Summary

121

(2)

six Attempts at regeneration

123

(18)

Histories of regeneration

123

(1)

SRB and problems with regeneration policy

124

(1)

SRB: inclusion through regeneration

125

(10)

Lack of a strategic approach 13I

'Regeneration' and realism: the need for a broader regeneration agenda

135

(3)

Summary

138

(3)

seven New Labour and neighbourhood renewal

141

(14)

Two phases of policy

141

(1)

Area-based programmes

142

(2)

The National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal

144

(2)

Urban, regional and housing policy

146

(2)

Tackling area deprivation in Wales

148

(1)

Broader social exclusion policies

149

(1)

Policy limitations

149

(3)

Summary

152

(3)

eight Making a difference?

155

(6)

Back to Bridgefields

155

(4)

Summary

159

(2)

nine Getting it together: new money and better partnerships

161

(14)

Signs of progress

161

(1)

Services and facilities

161

(6)

Resident involvement and resident frustration

167

(2)

Better joined-up working

169

(3)

Summary

172

(3)

ten Drivers of change: population, housing and the economy

175

(16)

Two faces of population change: Middle Row and Overtown

175

(3)

Rising house prices and inner-city polarisation

178

(3)

Low demand and neighbourhood decline

181

(5)

Economic growth and economic divergence

186

(2)

Summary

188

(3)

eleven New solutions?

191

(14)

Avoiding concentrations of poverty

191

(1)

Improving housing

191

(2)

Mixing tenure

193

(4)

Tackling worklessness and achieving economic inclusion

197

(5)

The persistence of poverty and exclusion

202

(1)

Summary

203

(2)

twelve The end of Poverty Street?

205

(16)

Structural causes of decline

205

(1)

The sharp end of social change

206

(2)

Management failure

208

(1)

Social interaction and neighbourhood stigma

209

(1)

'Regeneration': not up to the job

210

(2)

A concerted response

212

(1)

Economic growth and divergence

213

(2)

Social exclusion and population change

215

(1)

Established patterns of low-value housing

216

(1)

Policy limitations and realistic futures

217

(4)

Bibliography

221

(14)

Index

235

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