Power Electronics and Electric Drives for Traction Applications

Power Electronics and Electric Drives for Traction Applications offers a practical approach to understanding power electronics applications in transportation systems ranging from railways to electric vehicles and ships. It is an application-oriented book for the design and development of traction systems accompanied by a description of the core technology.

The first four introductory chapters describe the common knowledge and background required to understand the preceding chapters. After that, each application-specific chapter: highlights the significant manufacturers involved; provides a historical account of the technological evolution experienced; distinguishes the physics and mechanics; and where possible, analyses a real life example and provides the necessary models and simulation
tools, block diagrams and simulation based validations.

Key features:

• Surveys power electronics state-of-the-art in all aspects of traction applications.
• Presents vital design and development knowledge that is extremely important for the professional community in an original, simple, clear and complete manner.
• Offers design guidelines for power electronics traction systems in high-speed rail, ships, electric/hybrid vehicles, elevators and more applications.
• Application-specific chapters co-authored by traction industry expert.
• Learning supplemented by tutorial sections, case studies and MATLAB/Simulink-based simulations with data from practical systems.

A valuable reference for application engineers in traction industry responsible for design and development of products as well as traction industry researchers, developers and graduate students on power electronics and motor drives needing a reference to the application examples.

Gonzalo Abad, Computing and Electronics Department, University of Mondragon, Spain
Gonzalo Abad received his degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Mondragon in 2000, his M.Sc. degree in Advanced Control from the University of Manchester (UK) in 2001 and his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Mondragon in 2008. He joined the Electronics and Computing Department of the University of Mondragon in 2001. His main research interests include renewable energies, power conversion and motor drives. He has co-authored several papers, patents and books in the areas of wind power generation, multilevel power converters and control of AC drives.

List of contributors viii

Preface x

1 Introduction 1
Gonzalo Abad

1.1 Introduction to the book 1

1.2 Traction applications 3

1.3 Electric drives for traction applications 9

1.4 Classification of different parts of electric drives: converter, machines, control strategies, and energy sources 26

1.5 Future challenges for electric drives 33

1.6 Historical evolution 34

References 36

2 Control of induction machines 37
Fernando Briz and Gonzalo Abad

2.1 Introduction 37

2.2 Modeling of induction motors 37

2.3 Rotor flux oriented vector control 52

2.4 Torque capability of the induction machine 69

2.5 Rotor flux selection 71

2.6 Outer control loops 78

2.7 Sensorless control 84

2.8 Steady-state equations and limits of operation of the induction machine 88

References 98

3 Control of synchronous machines 100
Fernando Briz and Gonzalo Abad

3.1 Introduction 100

3.2 Types of synchronous machines 100

3.3 Modeling of synchronous machines 103

3.4 Torque equation for synchronous machines 106

3.5 Vector control of permanent magnet synchronous machines 111

3.6 Operation under voltage and current constraints 115

3.7 Speed control 124

3.8 Sensorless control 125

3.9 Numerical calculation of the steady-state of synchronous machines 140

References 146

4 Control of grid-connected converters 148
Aritz Milicua and Gonzalo Abad

4.1 Introduction 148

4.2 Three-phase grid-connected converter model 149

4.3 Three-phase grid-connected converter control 175

4.4 Three-phase grid-connected converter control under unbalanced voltage conditions 185

4.5 Single-phase grid-connected converter model and modulation 207

4.6 Single-phase grid-connected converter control 212

References 220

5 Railway traction 221
Xabier Agirre and Gonzalo Abad

5.1 Introduction 221

5.2 General description 221

5.3 Physical approach 248

5.4 Electric drive in railway traction 255

5.5 Railway power supply system 276

5.6 ESSs for railway applications 278

5.7 Ground level power supply systems 332

5.8 Auxiliary power systems for railway applications 338

5.9 Real examples 340

5.10 Historical evolution 351

5.11 New trends and future challenges 351

References 357

6 Ships 362
Iñigo Atutxa and Gonzalo Abad

6.1 Introduction 362

6.2 General description 362

6.3 Physical approach of the ship propulsion system 376

6.4 Variable speed drive in electric propulsion 392

6.5 Power generation and distribution system 409

6.6 Computer-based simulation example 439

6.7 Design and dimensioning of the electric system 448

6.8 Real examples 450

6.9 Dynamic positioning (DP) 455

6.10 Historical evolution 458

6.11 New trends and future challenges 463

References 466

7 Electric and hybrid vehicles 468
David Garrido and Gonzalo Abad

7.1 Introduction 468

7.2 Physical approach to the electric vehicle: Dynamic model 468

7.3 Electric vehicle configurations 492

7.4 Hybrid electric vehicle configurations 497

7.5 Variable speed drive of the electric vehicle 506

7.6 Battery chargers in electric vehicles 515

7.7 Energy storage systems in electric vehicles 525

7.8 Battery management systems (BMS) 530

7.9 Computer-based simulation example 534

7.10 Electric vehicle design example: Battery pack design 542

7.11 Real examples 543

7.12 Historical evolution 546

7.13 New trends and future challenges 546

References 548

8 Elevators 550
Ana Escalada and Gonzalo Abad

8.1 Introduction 550

8.2 General description 550

8.3 Physical approach 569

8.4 Electric drive 577

8.5 Computer-based simulation 599

8.6 Elevator manufacturers 602

8.7 Summary of the most interesting standards and norms 609

8.8 Door opening/closing mechanism 610

8.9 Rescue system 611

8.10 Traffic 612

8.11 Historical evolution 612

8.12 New trends and future challenges 616

References 618

Index 619

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.