Power and Place

Archaeological, epigraphic, numismatic, and historical research is used to illuminate the meaning and function of temples in both Jewish and Greco-Roman cultures. This evidence is then brought into a dialogue with a literary analysis of how the temple functions as a symbol in Revelation.

Abbreviations

xiii

Revelation and the Temple: Introduction

1

(36)

The Problem of the Temple in Revelation

2

(4)

The Language of Apocalptic

6

(13)

Image and Symbol

6

(4)

The Genre of Apocalyptic

10

(2)

The Function of Apocalyptic Rhetoric

12

(4)

Temple as Social Symbol

16

(3)

The Temple and the Interpretation of Revelation

19

(13)

Material Culture and the Biblical Text

19

(5)

Cultural Perspective of Revelation

24

(4)

Interpretations of the Temple Language in Revelation

28

(4)

Method and Plan

32

(5)

Significance of Temples in Greek and Roman Culture

37

(78)

Introduction

37

(5)

Temple as Embodiment of Divine Presence

42

(13)

Power and Presence

42

(2)

Cult Statues and Thrones

44

(4)

Purity and Access

48

(4)

Epiphanies

52

(3)

Temple as Unifying Force

55

(31)

Temple and Religion

55

(13)

Temple and Society

68

(4)

Temple and Economic Stability

72

(3)

Temple and Civic/Political Life

75

(11)

Temples, Civic Pride and Identity

86

(13)

Badge of Identity and Source of Pride

86

(5)

The City as Protector of Temple and Cult

91

(3)

Competition and Civic Pride

94

(2)

Conceptualization and Symbolization of Identity

96

(3)

Temple as Place of Protection and Justice

99

(14)

Deity as Protector of City and Temple

99

(3)

Victory and Authority

102

(1)

Asylum and Supplication

103

(10)

Summary and Conclusion

113

(2)

Significance of the Temple in Jewish Life and Thought

115

(68)

Introduction

115

(1)

The Temple in Jewish Tradition and History: An Overview

116

(5)

Temple and the Divine Presence

121

(14)

The Presence of God

121

(7)

Covenant and Election

128

(3)

Holiness and Purity

131

(4)

Temple as Unifying Force

135

(22)

Temple and Religion

136

(7)

Temple and Socio-Cultural Environment

143

(4)

Temple and Economic Stability

147

(4)

Temple and National/Political Life

151

(3)

Temple and Cosmology

154

(3)

Temple as Place of Power

157

(10)

Protection, Mercy, Wrath

157

(4)

The Jews and Temple Asylum

161

(3)

Kingship and Justice

164

(2)

Victory

166

(1)

Temple and Jewish Identity

167

(13)

Nationalism

167

(7)

Continuity

174

(3)

Displacement

177

(3)

Summary and Conclusion

180

(3)

Temple, Power and Identity in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature

183

(32)

Introduction

183

(1)

Ezekiel

184

(3)

1 Enoch 85-90

187

(4)

Testament of Levi

191

(4)

4 Ezra

195

(5)

2 Baruch

200

(6)

Apocalypse of Abraham

206

(4)

Summary and Conclusion

210

(5)

The Temple and the Book of Revelation

215

(8)

Revelation and Cultural Pluralism

216

(2)

Displacement and Dating

218

(2)

Temple as Apocalyptic Symbol

220

(3)

Temple and Identity in Revelation

223

(56)

Rhetorical Situation: People of God or People of the World?

224

(7)

Mediation of Revelation

231

(6)

Temple and the People of God

237

(35)

Lampstands and Priests

239

(2)

Access and Human Pillars: The Letter to Philadelphia

241

(10)

Restoration and Universalism (Revelation 7)

251

(6)

Prophecy, Kingdom, and Convenant (Revelation 11)

257

(8)

Sinai and Zion (Revelation 14-15)

265

(2)

New Jerusalem: New Place

267

(5)

Temple and the People of the World

272

(4)

Summary and Conclusion

276

(3)

Power and Place

279

(24)

Rhetorical Situation: Kingdom of God or Kingdom of the World?

279

(5)

Temple and the Power of God

284

(17)

Temple and Divine Power

284

(2)

Temple and Supplication

286

(7)

Temple and Convenant: The Seventh Trumpet

293

(2)

Temple and Divine Judgment

295

(6)

Summary and Conclusion

301

(2)

Conclusion

303

(4)

Bibliography

307

(36)

Index of Modern Authors

343

(8)

Index of Ancient Sources

351

(6)

Index of Scripture Citations

357

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