Powerful Social Studies For Elementary Students

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ISBN: 9780534555450 | 0534555454
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 5/4/2006

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Ideal for pre-service and in-service teachers, POWERFUL SOCIAL STUDIES FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS outlines ways to select content and teach history, geography, and social sciences more meaningfully. Hone skills in planning well-organized social studies instruction that produces positive student outcomes using developmentally appropriate content and methods to help your students develop social understanding and civic action. Rather than advocating the elimination of the traditional content framework used to organize the social studies curriculum ('expanding communities framework'), the authors call for retaining the most important topics that have traditionally been emphasized and for teaching these topics in 'more coherent and powerful ways.'

Preface

Elementary Social Studies: What Is It? What Might It Become?

(20)

Competing Visions of Social Studies as Citizen Education

(4)

Curricular Tensions That Cut across Subjects

(1)

Competing Approaches to Social Studies

(2)

Competition for Curriculum Space among Interest Groups within Social Studies

(1)

The Expanding Communities Framework

(2)

Dissatisfaction with the Textbook Series

(1)

Reforms Suggested by Others

(2)

Cultural Literacy/Core Knowledge

(1)

History/Literature Focus

(2)

Issues Analysis

(1)

The Approach That We Recommend: Overview

(1)

Shifting Emphasis from the Expanding Communities Sequence to Developing Basic Understandings about the Human Condition

(2)

Human Activities Related to Cultural Universals as Core Content

(1)

Revised Rationale for This Core Content

(1)

Focus on Powerful Ideas

(2)

Summary

(1)

Reflective Questions

(1)

Your Turn: What Is Social Studies?

(2)

How Can I Build a Learning Community in My Classroom?

(26)

A Scenario

(1)

Launching a Learning Community

(3)

Productive Communication and Interaction Patterns

(1)

Four Steps for Creating a Learning Community

(1)

A Childhood Unit as Your Content Vehicle

(4)

Cooperative Learning in a Community Setting

(3)

Task Structures

(1)

Cooperative Learning Techniques

(2)

Motivating Students to Learn

(7)

The Expectancy Side of Motivation

(2)

The Value Side of Motivation

(5)

The Social Context's Effects on Motivation

(1)

Embracing Cultural Diversity

(3)

The Teacher's Role

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Summary

(1)

Reflective Questions

(1)

Your Turn: Building a Learning Community in Your Classroom

(3)

Sample Observation Schedule

(2)

What Does Goal-Oriented Instruction Entail?

(13)

Generic Subject-Matter Goals: Understanding, Appreciation, and Life Application

(2)

Research on Teaching for Understanding

(1)

Social Studies Goals: Social Understanding and Civic Efficacy

(3)

Planning Goal-Oriented Topical Units

(3)

Advantages of Topical Units

(1)

Planning Tool

(1)

Summary

(1)

Reflective Questions

(1)

Your Turn: Goal-Oriented Curriculum Planning

(1)

Goal-Oriented Planning Guide

(1)

What Do Selecting and Representing Content Entail?

(22)

Goal-Oriented Development of Powerful Ideas

(16)

Summary

(1)

Reflective Questions

(1)

Your Turn: Selecting and Representing Content

(3)

How Can I Teach History Content More Meaningfully?

(32)

A Perspective on the Relationship between Elementary Social Studies and Its Foundational Disciplines

(3)

History

(22)

History in Elementary Social Studies

(2)

Developments in Children's History Knowledge

(5)

Problems with History Texts and Teaching

(2)

National Standards for History Teaching

(3)

NCSS Standards Relating to History

(1)

Other Guidelines for Teaching History

(2)

Teaching History for Understanding, Appreciation, and Life Application

101

(2)

Using Children's Literature to Teach History

103

(2)

Using Timelines

105

(1)

Teaching with Artifacts and Historical Source Material

106

(1)

Conclusion

107

(1)

Summary

108

(1)

Reflective Questions

109

(1)

Your Turn: History in the Intermediate Grades

109

(3)

Sample Interview Questions

110

(2)

Your Turn: A Resource Unit for Fifth-Grade U.S. History: The American Revolution (Appendix A)

112

(2)

Portfolio Suggestions for the American Revolution Unit

112

(2)

How Can I Teach Geography and Anthropology Content More Meaningfully?

114

(24)

Geography

115

(12)

Geography in the Elementary Grades

116

(1)

Developments in Geographic Knowledge

116

(2)

Problems with Geography Texts and Teaching

118

(1)

The Five Fundamental Themes

119

(3)

The National Geography Standards

122

(1)

NCSS Standards Relating to Geography

122

(2)

Using the Five Themes in Your Teaching

124

(3)

Anthropology

127

(5)

NCSS Standards Relating to Anthropology

128

(1)

Guidelines for Teaching Anthropology

129

(3)

Summary

132

(1)

Reflective Questions

133

(1)

Your Turn: Geography

133

(2)

Sample Interview Schedule Questions

134

(1)

Your Turn: A Resource Unit on Mountain Regions

135

(1)

Your Turn: Enriching Your Units with Social Science Content

135

(3)

Example

136

(2)

How Can I Teach the Other Social Science Content More Meaningfully?

138

(33)

Psychology

140

(3)

NCSS Standards Relating to Psychology

141

(1)

Guidelines for Teaching Psychology

141

(2)

Sociology

143

(3)

Children's Knowledge and Thinking about Sociology

143

(1)

NCSS Standards Relating to Sociology

144

(1)

Teaching Sociological Content

145

(1)

Economics

146

(10)

Children's Knowledge and Thinking about Economics

147

(2)

Key Economic Concepts for the Elementary Grades

149

(2)

National Standards for Economics Teaching

151

(2)

Teaching about Economics

153

(1)

Economics Programs for the Elementary Grades

154

(2)

Financial Literacy

156

(1)

Civics and Government

156

(10)

Children's Knowledge and Thinking about Government

157

(3)

National Standards for Teaching about Civics and Government

160

(1)

Teaching about Civics and Government

161

(5)

Embedding Social Science Content within Global and Multicultural Perspectives

166

(1)

Summary

167

(1)

Reflective Questions

168

(1)

Your Turn: Applying Social Science Concepts within Your Learning Community

169

(2)

NCSS Strands

169

(2)

How Can I Structure Classroom Discourse to Help Students Develop Social Studies Understanding?

171

(17)

Knowledge Construction

173

(3)

Active Construction of Meaning

173

(1)

Conceptual Change

174

(1)

Socially Constructed Knowledge

174

(2)

The Need to Build a Content Base

176

(2)

Narrative Structures as Teaching Tools

178

(2)

Teaching for Thoughtfulness

180

(2)

Elementary Grades

182

(1)

Engaging Students in Reflective Discourse about Powerful Ideas

182

(3)

Summary

185

(1)

Reflective Questions

185

(1)

Your Turn: Developing Content through Classroom Discourse

186

(2)

How Can I Design, Implement, and Evaluate Instructional Activities?

188

(21)

The Nature and Functions of Learning Activities

192

(1)

Basic Assumptions about Ideal Curricula

193

(2)

Principles for Designing or Selecting Activities

195

(5)

Primary Principles That Apply to Each Individual Activity

195

(2)

Secondary Principles That Apply to Each Individual Activity

197

(2)

Principles That Apply to Sets of Activities

199

(1)

Principles for Implementing Activities with Students

200

(2)

Extending the Curriculum through Out-of-School Learning Experiences

202

(1)

College Students' Reports of Learning Activities Experienced in Elementary Social Studies

203

(1)

NCSS Position on Powerful Teaching and Learning

204

(1)

Summary

205

(1)

Reflective Questions

205

(1)

Your Turn: Learning Activities

206

(3)

Unit Goals

206

(1)

Possible Activity Selections

206

(3)

What Are Some Other Strategies for Teaching Social Studies?

209

(20)

Storytelling

212

(1)

Visuals

213

(1)

Primary Historical Sources

213

(1)

Artifacts

214

(1)

Computers

215

(1)

The Arts

215

(2)

Visual Art

216

(1)

Music

216

(1)

Children's Literature

216

(1)

Creative Dramatics

217

(4)

Dramatic Play

218

(1)

Role-Play

218

(1)

Simulations

219

(1)

Mock Trials

220

(1)

Co-Constructing Learning Resources

221

(1)

Field Trips

222

(1)

Case Method

223

(1)

Debate

224

(1)

Inquiry

225

(1)

Summary

226

(1)

Reflective Questions

227

(1)

Your Turn: Strategies for Teaching Elementary Social Studies

228

(1)

What Is the Role of Curricular Integration?

229

(12)

Desirable Integration

230

(1)

Accountability Considerations

231

(1)

Examples of Appropriate Integrative Activities

231

(3)

Integrative Activities That Focus on Topics That Draw Content from More Than One Subject

232

(1)

Integrative Activities in Which Skills Learned in One Subject Are Used to Process or Apply Knowledge Learned in Another

232

(1)

Enrichment Activities That Help to Personalize Content, Make It More Concrete, Enhance Learner Curiosity, or Add an Important Affective Perspective

233

(1)

Undesirable Integration

234

(3)

Activities That Lack or Mask Social Education Goals

234

(1)

Cost-Effectiveness Problems

234

(1)

Content Distortion

235

(1)

Difficult or Impossible Tasks

236

(1)

Feasibility Problems

236

(1)

Conclusion

237

(1)

Summary

237

(1)

Reflective Questions

238

(1)

Your Turn: Integrating Social Studies within the Total Curriculum

238

(3)

Unit Goals

239

(1)

Possible Activity Selections

239

(2)

How Can I Assess Student Learning?

241

(23)

The Present: A Broader View of Assessment and Evaluation

242

(1)

Authentic Assessment

242

(1)

Preliminary Assessment

243

(1)

Formative and Summative Assessment

244

(1)

Assessment Tools

244

(5)

Multiple-Choice Items

244

(1)

True-False and Yes-No Items

245

(1)

Short Answer and Completion Items

246

(1)

Matching Items

247

(1)

Essay Questions

247

(2)

Informal Assessment

249

(2)

Participation in Discussions

249

(1)

Engagement and Online Understanding

249

(2)

Assessing Attitudes, Values, and Dispositions

251

(1)

Performance Assessment: The Laboratory Model

252

(4)

Portfolio Assessment

256

(2)

Student-Led Parent Conferences

257

(1)

Conclusion

257

(1)

Summary

258

(1)

Reflective Questions

258

(1)

Your Turn: Evaluation

259

(1)

Your Turn: Using NCSS Strands and Performance Indicators

260

(4)

How Can the Curriculum Be Expanded and Made More Meaningful through Home-School Connections?

264

(14)

Principles for Designing and Implementing Out-of-School Learning Activities

266

(1)

Purposes and Functions of Home Assignments

266

(8)

Provide for Expanded Meaningfulness and Life Application of School Learning

267

(1)

Constructing Meaning in Natural Ways and Engendering a Sense of Self-Efficacy

267

(1)

Extending Social Studies Education to the Home and Community by Involving Adults in Interesting and Responsible Ways

268

(2)

Taking Advantage of the Students' Diversity by Using It as a Learning Resource

270

(2)

Personalizing the Curriculum and Reflecting on the Here and Now

272

(1)

Exploiting Learning Opportunities That Are Not Cost Effective on School Time

272

(1)

Keeping the Curriculum Up to Date

273

(1)

Teacher and Parent Involvement

273

(1)

Guidelines for Framing Out-of-School Learning Opportunities

274

(1)

Summary

275

(1)

Reflective Questions

276

(1)

Your Turn: Incorporating Out-of-School Learning

276

(2)

What Social Studies Planning Tools Are Available?

278

(23)

Planning as Goal Oriented

279

(1)

Long-Range Planning

279

(1)

Unit Planning

280

(1)

Weekly and Daily Planning

281

(1)

Introduction to Planning Tools

281

(1)

NCSS Standards

282

(8)

NCSS Guidelines for Social Studies Teaching and Learning

282

(3)

State Social Studies Standards

285

(1)

Local Curriculum Guides

285

(1)

Textbooks

286

(3)

Technology

289

(1)

Children's Literature

289

(1)

Frequently Asked Questions

290

(8)

Summary

298

(1)

Reflective Questions

298

(1)

Your Turn: Planning Your Social Studies Program for the Year

299

(2)

What Is the Research Base That Informs Ideas about Powerful Social Studies Teaching?

301

(23)

The Current High-Stakes Testing Environment

302

(1)

So What Can You Do in the Meantime?

303

(2)

Content

304

(1)

Time Allocation

304

(1)

Testing

304

(1)

Quality of Curriculum and Instruction

305

(1)

How Some Teachers Have Coped

305

(1)

A Synthesis of Generic Principles of Good Teaching

306

(1)

Introduction to the Twelve Principles

307

(1)

The Twelve Principles

308

(14)

Supportive Classroom Climate

308

(1)

Opportunity to Learn

309

(1)

Curricular Alignment

310

(2)

Establishing Learning Orientations

312

(1)

Coherent Content

313

(1)

Thoughtful Discourse

314

(1)

Practice and Application Activities

315

(1)

Scaffolding Students' Task Engagement

316

(1)

Strategy Teaching

317

(2)

Cooperative Learning

319

(1)

Goal-Oriented Assessment

320

(1)

Achievement Expectations

321

(1)

Conclusion

322

(1)

Summary

323

(1)

Appendix A: A Resource Unit for Fifth-Grade U.S. History: The American Revolution

324

(5)

Appendix B: A Resource Unit on Mountains

329

(4)

Appendix C: Planning Tool

333

(6)

References

339

(10)

Index

349

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Powerful Social Studies For Elementary Students

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