Practical Homicide Investigation: Tactics, Procedures, and Forensic Techniques, Fourth Edition

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ISBN: 9780849333033 | 0849333032
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 2/8/2006

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Combining detailed techniques with instructive case studies, the best-selling Practical Homicide Investigation stresses the basics and provides patterns on which to build a foundation for a prosecutable case. This fourth edition presents the latest information on DNA analysis and the latest assessment of crime scene reconstruction principles. It offers updated information on crime scene processing, including new blood enhancement reagents and current constitutional law, and contains new serial murder cases and a revised chapter on profiling, also with a new case. All of the illustrations are now presented in full color, including new medical-legal drawings for instruction and courtroom testimony.

1 The Homicide Crime Scene

(30)

The Five Components of Practical Homicide Investigation®

(1)

The Crime Scene

(18)

At the Crime Scene

(1)

The Homicide Investigation Starts at the Crime Scene

(1)

Determining the Dimensions of the Homicide Crime Scene

(4)

Protecting the Crime Scene

(9)

The Crime Scene Sign-In Sheet

(2)

The Preliminary Investigation at the Primary Crime Scene

(1)

Victimology

(1)

Equivocal Death Investigations

(7)

The Staged Crime Scene

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Types of Crime Scene Staging

(1)

Example of Homicide Made to Appear an Accident

(2)

Examples of a Homicide Made to Appear Sex Related

(4)

Conclusion

(1)

Investigative Strategies

(1)

Selected Reading

(1)

2 First Officer's Duties: General

(16)

Notification of a Possible Homicide: The Official Notification to the Police

(3)

First Notification of Homicide Received in Person by Patrol Officer

(1)

First Officer's Duties on Arrival at the Scene

(5)

Protection of Life

(2)

Safeguarding the Scene and Detaining Witnesses or Suspects

(2)

The First Officer Initiates the Homicide Investigation

(1)

Dealing with Emergencies at the Scene

(4)

Conclusion

(1)

Selected Reading

(1)

3 First Officer's Duties: Specific

(16)

The Suspect in Custody

(2)

Transporting the Suspect

(2)

Examination of the Suspect for Evidence

(1)

The Dying Declaration

(1)

The Victim Removed to the Hospital

(1)

The Victim Pronounced DOA at the Hospital

(1)

The Officer's Duties at the Hospital

(1)

The Victim Confirmed DOA at the Scene

(2)

Handling Witnesses at the Scene

(1)

Additional Officers at the Scene

(1)

Handling News Media Personnel at the Scene

(1)

The Documentation of Events by the First Officer

(1)

The Changing Sequence of Command

(1)

Patrol Officer's Checklist

(7)

Initial Call/Receipt of Information

(1)

Arrival at the Homicide Crime Scene

(1)

Protection of the Crime Scene

(1)

Notifications

(1)

Preliminary Investigation

(1)

Suspect in Custody

(1)

Suicide and Accidental Death

(2)

4 The Preliminary Investigation at the Scene: The Detectives

(26)

Initial Receipt of Information

(1)

Arrival at the Scene

(1)

Preliminary Steps to Be Taken by Detectives upon Arrival Checklist

(1)

Describing the Scene

(1)

Implementing Crime Scene Procedures

(1)

Direction of Uniformed Personnel at the Scene

(1)

The Teamwork Approach

(1)

Directing the Investigation at the Scene

(1)

Duties of the Detective Supervisor on Arrival at the Scene

(1)

Preliminary Interview of the First Officer

(2)

Interview of Ambulance Personnel

(1)

Handling Curious Onlookers

(1)

Handling Witnesses at the Scene

(2)

The Canvass

(5)

The Preliminary Medical Examination at the Scene

(2)

Special Procedure to Follow in Specific Cases

(1)

Case Examples

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Reference

(2)

5 Specific Investigative Duties at the Scene

(36)

The Suspect in Custody

(1)

Interview and Interrogation of the Suspect in Custody

(1)

Examination of a Suspect for Evidence

(1)

Evaluation of the Suspect's Demeanor and Mental Capacity

(1)

Obtaining a Dying Declaration

(2)

Questions to Be Asked in a Dying Declaration

(1)

Documentation of the Dying Declaration

(1)

Handling Buried-Body Cases

(12)

The Discovery of the Buried Body

(3)

Initial Response

(1)

The Excavation

(1)

The Body

100

(6)

Search for a Buried Body

106

(1)

The Investigative Checklist

107

(17)

Documentation of the Initial Report

107

(11)

Initial Receipt of Information

107

(1)

Arrival at the Homicide — Death Scene

108

(1)

Preliminary Inspection of the Body at the Crime Scene

108

(1)

Implementing Crime Scene Control Procedures

109

(1)

Initiating a Crime Scene Log

109

(1)

Establishing a Policy for Crime Scene Integrity

109

(1)

Establishing a Command Post or Temporary Headquarters

110

(1)

Emergency Medical Service (EMS) and Ambulance Personnel

111

(1)

Initiating a Canvass

111

(1)

Weapons

112

(1)

The Suspect in Custody

112

(1)

Suspect in Custody: Interrogation at the Scene

112

(1)

A.D.A.P.T

113

(1)

Documentation of Crime Scene Photographs

113

(1)

Recommended Crime Scene Photographs

113

(1)

The Crime Scene Sketch

114

(1)

The Crime Scene Search

114

(1)

Dusting for Fingerprints

115

(1)

Description of the Deceased

115

(1)

Preliminary Medical Examination at the Scene

116

(1)

Victim — Hospital Information

116

(1)

Evidence Process and Control Procedures

117

(1)

Release of the Homicide Crime Scene

117

(1)

Suicide Investigation — Investigative Considerations

118

(2)

Evaluation of the Wounds

118

(1)

Psychological State of the Victim

118

(1)

Any Prior Mental Disease or Defect

119

(1)

Recognized Warning Signs in Suicides

119

(1)

Extreme Danger Signs in Suicides

120

(1)

Autoerotic Fatalities (Accidental Asphyxia)

120

(1)

Investigative Considerations

120

(1)

Investigating Fatal Fires

120

(2)

The Investigative Considerations

120

(1)

The Fire Incident

121

(1)

Suspicious Designation: General Determination Factors

121

(1)

Maintenance of the Fire Crime Scene

121

(1)

Investigation at the Scene

121

(1)

Determination of Arson

122

(1)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

122

(1)

Investigative Checklist

122

(1)

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP) Warning Signs

123

(1)

References

124

(1)

Selected Reading

124

(1)

6 The Crime Scene Photographs

125

(34)

The Value of Crime Scene Photographs

125

(1)

Crime Scene Photography and the Investigator

126

(1)

Admissibility of Photographic Evidence

126

(4)

Photographing the Homicide Crime Scene

130

(3)

Outdoor Locations

130

(1)

Indoor Locations

130

(1)

The Body

130

(2)

Suspects

132

(1)

Type of Film

133

(1)

Recommended Crime Scene Photographs

134

(10)

Practical Application of Crime Scene Photography

144

(8)

The World Trade Center Attack

145

(7)

The Polaroid Macro 5 SLR Camera

145

(4)

The Panoscan MK-3 Digital Panoramic Camera System

149

(1)

Examples

150

(2)

Videotaping

152

(5)

Advantages of Videotaping

152

(1)

Purpose of Videotaping the Crime Scene

153

(1)

Recommended Procedure

154

(1)

Video tape Protocol

155

(1)

Arrival at Scene

155

(1)

Taping Protocol

156

(1)

Videotaping Suspect Statements

157

(1)

Conclusion

157

(1)

References .

158

(1)

Selected Reading

158

(1)

7 The Crime Scene Sketch

159

(16)

The Sketch

159

(4)

Preparing the Crime Scene Sketch

163

(4)

Utilizing Aerial Photographs for Mapping Outdoor Crime Scenes

167

(1)

The "Total Station" Crime Scene Reconstruction Program

168

(5)

Definition

168

(2)

Operation

170

(2)

Practical Application

172

(1)

Reference

173

(1)

Selected Reading

173

(2)

8 The Homicide Crime Scene Search

175

(56)

Legal Considerations

176

(3)

Warrantless Searches Where Suspect Shares Possessory Right to Premises

178

(1)

Practical Examples of Reasonableness: Officers Arriving at Scene of Violent Crime

178

(1)

Physical Evidence

179

(1)

Types of Physical Evidence

179

(1)

The Concept of Linkage

180

(2)

Methods of Crime Scene Search

182

(2)

Formulating the Search

184

(4)

The Homicide Kit

188

(5)

Crime Scene Integrity Kit

188

(1)

Evidence Collection Tools

188

(2)

Fingerprint Kit

190

(1)

Photography Kit

190

(1)

Sketching and Mapping Kit

191

(1)

Casting Kit

191

(1)

Evidence Collection Containers

192

(1)

Lasers and Alternate Light Sources (ALS)

192

(1)

The Search

193

(1)

Examination of the Body at the Scene

194

(5)

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis

199

(4)

Release of the Body

203

(2)

The Scene

205

(10)

Processing a Vehicle (See Chapter 17)

210

(1)

Examining the Outdoor Scene

210

(5)

Examples of Evidence Found Outdoors

212

(3)

Examination of an Outdoor Scene at Night

215

(1)

Physical Examination of a Suspect in Custody

215

(5)

Gunshot Residue Testing

218

(2)

Release of the Scene

220

(1)

Crime Scene Process Protective Equipment and Clothing

221

(2)

Antiputrefaction Masks

223

(1)

Crime Scene Protocol for Protection from Airborne Pathogens and Other Biohazards

223

(4)

Communicable Diseases: Required Precautions

223

(504)

Decontamination of Equipment

224

(1)

Decontamination of Clothing

224

(1)

Precautions

225

(1)

Prevention

226

(1)

Exposure of First Responders

227

(1)

Exposure to Blood-Borne Diseases

227

(500)

Infection Control Techniques

727

Universal Precautions

227

(1)

Body Substance Isolation

228

(1)

Exposure Treatment

228

(1)

Conclusion

228

(1)

References

229

(1)

Selected Reading

229

(2)

9 Estimating Time of Death

231

(26)

The Process of Dying

233

(2)

Body Changes after Death

235

(11)

External Agents of Change

246

(8)

Insects

246

(4)

Plants

250

(1)

Animals

251

(1)

Bodies in Water

252

(2)

Information Derived from the Scene

254

(1)

Conclusion

255

(1)

Selected Reading

255

(2)

10 The Identity of the Deceased

257

(44)

The Identification

258

(9)

Identification at the Scene

258

(1)

Personal Identification

258

(1)

Clothing and Possessions

259

(1)

Identification by Photographs

259

(1)

Description of the Body

260

(2)

Clothing

262

(1)

Jewelry and Watches

262

(1)

Fingerprints

263

(4)

Obtaining Fingerprints from Dead Bodies

263

(4)

Mass Fatality Events

267

(6)

The World Trade Center Attack

268

(3)

Mass Fatality Considerations

271

(1)

DNA Testing in the Identification of WTC Victims

272

(1)

The Iceman Case

273

(4)

Dr. Zugibe's Medical Evaluation

275

(1)

Forensic Evaluation

276

(1)

The Teeth

277

(7)

Age

978

General Facial Characteristics

279

(1)

Race

280

(1)

Socioeconomic Group

281

(1)

Occupation or Habits

281

(1)

Positive Identification

281

(2)

Bite-Mark Identification

283

(1)

Inquiries Relative to Forensic Odontology

284

(1)

The Bones

284

(6)

Age

284

(3)

Sex

287

(1)

Race

287

(1)

Height and Other Individual Characteristics

287

(1)

Determination of Cause of Death

288

(1)

Determination of Whether Bones Are Human or Animal

288

(1)

Examination of Bones

288

(2)

Facial Reconstruction

290

(1)

Forensic Art

290

(9)

Introduction to Forensic Art

290

(2)

Four Categories of Forensic Art

292

(3)

Forensic Art in Identification of Human Remains

295

(16)

Postmortem Drawing

295

(1)

Two-Dimensional Facial Reconstruction from the Skull

296

(1)

Three-Dimensional Facial Reconstruction on the Skull

297

(1)

Methods of Superimposition

298

(1)

Conclusion

299

(1)

References

299

(1)

Selected Reading

299

(2)

11 Death Notifications: The Surviving Family as Secondary Victims

301

(14)

Psychological Reactions to Death

302

(1)

The Normal Grieving Process

302

(1)

The Stages of Grief

303

(1)

Psychological Reactions to Murder

304

(1)

Psychological Reactions to Murdered Children

304

(1)

Psychological Reactions to the Murder of Police Officers

305

(1)

Notifications of Death by the Homicide Detective

305

(1)

Recommendations and Guidelines for Proper Death Notifications to Surviving Family Members

306

(2)

Providing Information to the Surviving Family

308

(1)

Guiding the Surviving Family through the Criminal Justice System

309

(2)

Conclusion

311

(1)

Victim's Assistance Organizations

311

(1)

References

312

(1)

Selected Reading

313

(2)

12 Modes of Death

315

(68)

Gunshot Wounds

315

(16)

The Projectile Striking the Body

318

(1)

The Nature and Extent of Gunshot Wounds

318

(5)

Smudging or Smoke

323

(1)

Searing

323

(1)

Tattooing or Stippling

323

(1)

Reentry

323

(2)

Ricocheting

325

(1)

Shotgun Wounds

325

(1)

Contact Wounds

325

(4)

Bullet Track

329

(2)

Cutting Wounds

331

(2)

Stabbing Wounds

333

(3)

Blunt Force Injuries

336

(3)

Lacerations

336

(2)

Chopping Wounds

338

(1)

Deaths by Asphyxia

339

(9)

Strangulation

341

(1)

Investigative Considerations

341

(1)

Hanging

341

(3)

Drowning

344

(1)

Inhalation of Poison Gases

345

(2)

Suffocation

347

(1)

General Forms of Suffocation

347

(1)

Deaths by Fire

348

(2)

Severity of Burn Injuries

348

(1)

Investigative Considerations

348

(2)

Scalding Burns

350

(1)

Arson

350

(3)

Poisons

353

(5)

Deaths Caused by Injection

354

(4)

Sexual Asphyxia: The Phenomenon of Autoerotic Fatalities

358

(8)

Introduction

358

(5)

Preliminary Investigation at the Scene

363

(1)

Atypical Autoerotic Deaths

363

(2)

Asphyxial Deaths — The Pathology of Autoerotic Death

365

(1)

The Reality of Asphyxial Death — Videotaped Cases

366

(1)

Equivocal Death Investigations

366

(9)

Sexual Asphyxia — the Psychosexual Aspects of Autoerotic Activity

367

(6)

Female Victims of Autoerotic Fatality

373

(2)

Equivocal Death Investigation

375

(3)

Crime Scene

375

(2)

The Victim

377

(1)

Investigative Considerations

377

(1)

Opinion

377

(1)

Results

378

(1)

Notifying and Advising the Surviving Family of the Mode of Death

378

(1)

Investigative Considerations

378

(1)

Determining the Involvement of Sexual Asphyxia: Autoerotic Checklist

379

(1)

Summary

380

(1)

References

380

(1)

Selected Reading

381

(2)

13 Suicide Investigation

383

(56)

Risk Factors

383

(1)

Depression: A Clinical Perspective

384

(4)

Emotional Symptoms

384

(1)

Cognitive Symptoms

385

(1)

Motivational Symptoms

385

(1)

Somatic Symptoms

385

(1)

Clinical Scenario

385

(3)

Other Motives for Suicide

388

(2)

The Investigation

390

(5)

Staging a Scene

395

(2)

Investigative Considerations

397

(6)

The Weapon

397

(1)

Wounds

398

(4)

Medicolegal Analysis

402

(1)

Summary

403

(1)

Bizarre Suicides

403

(6)

Suicide by Blasting Cap

403

(1)

Suicide by Fireplace

403

(1)

Attempted Suicide — Self-Mutilation

403

(3)

Barrel of Gun in Suicide Victim's Head

406

(3)

Equivocal Death Investigations

409

(1)

Motives and Intent

410

(3)

Suicide Notes

413

(5)

Background Information

418

(1)

Psychological Autopsy

419

(1)

Warning Signs

419

(1)

Extreme Danger Signs

419

(1)

Investigative Considerations

419

(1)

Evaluation of the Wounds

419

(1)

Psychological State of the Victim

420

(1)

Any Prior Mental Disease or Defect

420

(1)

Final Exit Suicide Investigations

420

(8)

Introduction

420

(2)

Synopsis of Contents

422

(1)

Investigative Considerations

422

(1)

Letters to Be Written

423

(1)

Police Investigation

423

(1)

Self-Deliverance via the Plastic Bag

424

(4)

Police Investigation

424

(1)

The Final Act

425

(1)

Police Investigation

426

(2)

Investigative Checklist for Final Exit Cases

428

(1)

Recommendations

428

(1)

Conclusion

428

(1)

Staged Crime Scenes Involving Final Exit

429

(1)

Suicide-by-Cop

429

(6)

Introduction

429

(5)

Example

429

(1)

Early Example

430

(1)

Clinical Interpretations

430

(1)

The Psychopathology of Suicide-by-Cop Scenarios

431

(1)

Hostage Situations

432

(2)

Psychological Ramifications for Police Officers Involved in

Suicide-by-Cop Incidents

434

(1)

The Racial Component in Police-Related Shooting Incidents

435

(1)

Investigative Considerations

435

(1)

References

436

(1)

Selected Reading

436

(3)

14 The Investigation of Sex-Related Homicides

439

(60)

Introduction

439

(1)

The Crime Scene Investigation

440

(2)

Sex-Related Crime Scene Checklist

440

(1)

Method for Diagnosing Abrasions, Lacerations, and Other Skin Disruptions in the Perineum and Perianal Areas

441

(1)

Human Sexuality and Sexual Deviance

442

(7)

Determining Motivation

449

(2)

Significance of Fantasy in Sex-Related Incidents

451

(5)

Organized and Disorganized Offenders

456

(1)

The Organized Offender

456

(2)

The Disorganized Offender

457

(1)

Classifications

458

(1)

Interpersonal Violence-Oriented Disputes and Assaults

459

(3)

Rape- and/or Sodomy-Oriented Assault

462

(5)

Investigative Strategy

464

(2)

Categories of Rapists

466

(1)

Deviant-Oriented Assault — the Lust Murder

467

(8)

Anatomy of Lust Murder

467

(1)

Psychodynamics

468

(7)

The Serial Murder

475

(18)

The Serial Killer Profile

477

(4)

Organized Serial Killer Activities

481

(2)

Disorganized Serial Killer Activities

483

(1)

Serial Murder Investigation

484

(1)

Command Responsibilty

485

(1)

Linkage Blindnesss

485

(1)

Typical Serial Killer Murder Task Force

486

(1)

The Typical Serial Killer

487

(1)

Three Main Methods Used to Link Murders

488

(1)

Investigative Considerations

488

(2)

A Clinical Perspective

490

(3)

Conclusion

493

(1)

References

493

(1)

Selected Reading

494

(5)

15 Homosexual Homicides

499

(34)

Introduction

499

(1)

Homosexual Relationships

499

(1)

Homosexual Lifestyles — Investigative Considerations

500

(1)

Interpersonal Violence-Oriented Disputes and Assaults

501

(4)

Murders Involving Forced Anal Rape and/or Sodomy

505

(4)

Lust Murders and Other Acts of Sexual Perversion

509

(5)

Homosexual Serial Murders

514

(13)

Investigative Significance

527

(1)

Psychological Considerations

527

(1)

Robbery–Homicide of Homosexuals

528

(2)

Homophobic Assault and "Gay-Bashing" Incidents

530

(1)

Conclusion

530

(1)

References

531

(1)

Selected Reading

531

(2)

16 Forensic Application of DNA Analysis

533

(38)

Introduction

533

(1)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid — DNA

534

(1)

The Cell

534

(2)

Molecular Biology of the Cell

534

(2)

Structure and Function of DNA

536

(4)

Nuclear DNA

536

(3)

Y-Chromosomal DNA

539

(1)

Mitochondrial DNA

539

(1)

Techniques and Procedures in Forensic DNA Analysis

540

(14)

Collection and Preservation of Biological Evidence

540

(3)

Scheduling Analysis

543

(1)

DNA Extraction

544

(3)

Differential DNA Extraction

547

(1)

DNA Quantification

547

(1)

DNA Amplification (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

548

(3)

Multiplex PCR Analysis

551

(1)

STR Multiplex PCR Analysis

552

(1)

Amplification of mtDNA

552

(1)

DNA Detection and Analysis

552

(1)

STR DNA Analysis

552

(1)

mtDNA Analysis

553

(1)

STR DNA Databases

Population Statistics

554

(1)

CODIS

555

(3)

National Missing Persons DNA Database

558

(1)

The Choice of Analysis

558

(1)

Admissibility of DNA Evidence

558

(2)

Laboratory Accreditation

560

(1)

Forensic DNA Case Studies

561

(8)

Victim Identification

561

(8)

Conclusion

569

(1)

References

569

(1)

Selected Reading

570

(1)

17 Collection of Evidence

571

(54)

Procedures for Collection of Evidence

571

(1)

General Types of Evidence

572

(1)

Classifications of Physical Evidence

573

(1)

Class Evidence

573

(1)

Individualistic Evidence

573

(1)

Collection of Specific Types of Evidence

573

(50)

Body Materials

574

(34)

Blood

574

(6)

Semen

580

(3)

Urine

583

(1)

Saliva or Spittle

584

(1)

Feces

585

(1)

Vomit

586

(1)

Tissue

586

(1)

Hair

587

(3)

Objects

590

(1)

Bullets

590

(1)

Discharged Casings or Cartridges

591

(1)

Shotgun Shells

591

(1)

Live Cartridges or Rounds of Ammunition

591

(1)

Shotgun Wadding

591

(1)

Weapons

591

(1)

Firearms

591

(7)

Fibers

598

(2)

Fabric

600

(1)

Cigarette/Cigar Butts

600

(3)

Displaced Furniture

603

(1)

Soil

603

(1)

Tools

604

(1)

Vehicles

605

(1)

Clothing

605

(1)

Documents (Letters, Notes, Papers)

606

(1)

Glass

607

(1)

Impressions

608

(18)

Fingerprint Examination

608

(8)

Tire Tracks and Footprints

616

(6)

Tool Marks

622

(1)

Bite Marks

622

(1)

Bullet Holes

623

(1)

Newly Damaged Areas

623

(1)

References

623

(1)

Selected Reading

623

(2)

18 The Autopsy

625

(50)

The Medical Examiner/Coroner

625

(1)

Investigation of Death

626

(7)

Cause, Mechanism, and Manner of Death

632

(1)

Practical Application of Terminology

633

(1)

Purpose of the Autopsy

633

(6)

Investigative Information Provided by the Autopsy

635

(4)

The Medicolegal Autopsy

639

(25)

Examination of the Crime Scene

650

(1)

Identification of the Body

651

(1)

External Examination of the Body

652

(2)

Preliminary Procedure

652

(1)

The External Examination

652

(2)

Internal Examination of the Body

654

(9)

The Head

654

(5)

The Chest

659

(3)

The Abdomen

662

(1)

The Pelvic Cavity

663

(1)

The Protocol

663

(1)

Summary

664

(1)

Human Anatomy

664

(8)

Directional Terms

665

(1)

Body Cavities

666

(2)

Dorsal Cavity

666

(1)

Ventral Cavity

667

(1)

Quadrants

668

(1)

The Skeletal System

669

(1)

The Heart

669

(3)

References

672

(1)

Selected Reading

672

(3)

19 The News Media in Homicide Investigations

675

(16)

Establishing a News Media Policy

676

(5)

Building a Relationship with the News Media

679

(2)

Homicide News Release Policy

681

(3)

Offering Rewards

684

(1)

Handling the News Media at the Scene

685

(2)

Preparing the News Release

687

(3)

Handling Questions During News Conferences

689

(1)

Conclusion

690

(1)

Selected Reading

690

(1)

20 Identification of Suspects

691

(78)

Bite-Mark Identification

691

(11)

The Bite Mark

692

(3)

Collection of Bite-Mark Evidence at the Scene

695

(4)

Photographs of the Bite-Mark Wound

698

(1)

Saliva Washings

699

(1)

Interpretation of the Bite-Mark Evidence

699

(1)

Examination of the Bite Mark

700

(1)

Summary

701

(1)

Hypnosis

702

(2)

What Is Hypnosis?

702

(1)

Psychodynamics

702

(1)

Value to the Investigator

703

(1)

Shortcomings of Hypnosis

703

(1)

Summary

704

(1)

Latent Prints on Human Skin

704

(7)

General Considerations

705

(2)

Procedures

705

(2)

Fingerprint from Human Skin Using the Magna-Brush Technique

707

(4)

Polygraph Examinations

711

(3)

The Examination

712

(2)

Possible Subjects for Polygraph Examinations

712

(1)

Subjects That Cannot Be Tested

713

(1)

Investigator's Duties prior to the Examination

713

(1)

Polygraph Procedures

713

(1)

Summary

714

(1)

Psycholinguistics

714

(4)

What Is Psycholinguistic Analysis?

714

(1)

Methodology

715

(1)

Psycholinguistics as an Investigative Tool

716

(1)

Utilizing Psycholinguistic Analysis

717

(1)

Summary

717

(1)

Psychics

718

(1)

What Is a Psychic?

718

(1)

Police and Psychics

718

(1)

Summary

719

(1)

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

719

(11)

Introduction

719

(1)

Munchausen Syndrome History and Application

720

(1)

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy — History and Application

721

(2)

The Investigative Response

723

(2)

Team Approach

723

(1)

Collection of Evidence

724

(1)

Interviewing the Munchausen Syndrome–Related Offender

725

(5)

Summary

730

(1)

Homicides Involving Theft of a Fetus

730

(17)

Introduction

730

(1)

Infant Abductions — Infant Cut from Mother's Womb

731

(7)

Case 1

732

(1)

Case 2

733

(2)

Case 3

735

(1)

Case 4

736

(1)

Case 5

736

(1)

Case 6

737

(1)

Case 7

738

(1)

Attempted Theft of Fetus Offender Killed by Victim Mother

738

(1)

Case 8

738

(1)

Attempt Theft of Fetus — Offender Arrested

739

(5)

Case 9

739

(5)

Investigative Assessment and Analysis

744

(2)

The Offender Profiles

744

(1)

Offender Motive

745

(1)

Abduction Investigative Strategies

746

(1)

Police Response

746

(1)

Detective Response

746

(1)

Additional Information

746

(1)

Summary

747

(1)

Stalkers

747

(12)

Introduction

747

(1)

Stalkers

747

(1)

Orders of Protection

748

(1)

Anti-Stalker Legislation

748

(3)

Types of Stalkers

751

(5)

The Psychopathic Personality Stalker

751

(3)

The Psychotic Personality Stalker

754

(2)

Erotomania Involving Obsessed Fans and Stalkers

756

(1)

Law Enforcement Response to Stalker Incidents

757

(1)

Summary

758

(1)

VICAP, Statewide and Regional Information Systems

759

(3)

The Violent Criminal Apprehension Program — VICAP

760

(1)

Profiling and Consultation Program

760

(1)

The Regional Organized Crime Information Center

761

(9)

Submission of Cases

762

(1)

The Homicide Investigation and Tracking System

762

(2)

Acknowledgments

764

(1)

References

765

(1)

Selected Reading

766

(1)

Bite Mark Identification

766

(1)

Hypnosis

766

(1)

Latent Prints on Human Skin

766

(1)

Psycholinguistics

766

(1)

Psychics

766

(1)

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

766

(1)

Stalkers

767

(1)

VICAP, State-Wide and Regional Information Systems

768

(1)

21 Investigative Assessment: Criminal Personality Profiling

769

(84)

Introduction

769

(1)

History of Profiling

770

(14)

Application of Abnormal Psychology

771

(2)

Criminal Personality Profile

773

(7)

The Purpose of the Profile

774

(1)

When Profiling Can Be Productive

774

(6)

Factors That Can Be Determined by a Criminal Personality Profile

780

(1)

The Investigative Approach to Profiling

781

(2)

Investigative Assessment - The Profiling Process

783

(1)

Clinical Considerations and Descriptions of Behavior

784

(6)

The Psychopathic Personality

784

(1)

Psychotic Personality (The Psychosis)

785

(1)

Sexual Sadism (302.84 DSM-IV)

786

(3)

Psychopathic Sexual Sadists

789

(1)

Crime Scene and Profile: Characteristics of Organized and Disorganized Murderers

790

(16)

The Organized Offender

792

(5)

General Behavior Characteristics

793

(4)

Ted Bundy: Serial Killer — Offender Profile

797

(3)

Offender Profile Program

798

(1)

Background

799

(1)

Investigative Analysis

800

(1)

Postcrime Behavior

801

(1)

Conclusion

802

(1)

Additional Information on Ted Bundy

802

(3)

Investigative Considerations

805

(1)

John Robinson Serial Murder Case

805

Overland Park Police Information

800

(6)

Missing Persons' Cases

806

(1)

Lenexa Police Investigation

806

(1)

Tactics

806

(1)

Background Information

806

(1)

Investigative Information

807

(1)

Internet Information

807

(1)

Additional Information

808

(1)

Robinson, the "Slave Master"

808

(1)

Vickie

809

(1)

Jeanna

809

(1)

Investigative Break

809

(1)

Second Investigative Break

810

(1)

Investigative Status in May 2001

810

(1)

Tactical Decision

811

(1)

The Arrest and Execution of Search Warrants

811

(1)

Search of the Kansas Storage Locker

811

(2)

The Linn County Search

813

(1)

Raymore, Missouri, Storage Unit

813

(2)

Sheila and Debbie

813

(2)

Beverly

815

(1)

Task Force Investigation Revelations

815

(1)

Bizarre Twist in the Case

815

(1)

Disposition

815

(1)

Acknowledgments

816

(1)

The Disorganized Offender

816

(4)

General Behavior Characteristics

817

(3)

Criminal Personality Profiling — The Signature Aspect in Criminal Investigation

820

(13)

Clinical Perspective

820

(2)

Investigative Perspective

822

(1)

Linkage Blindness

823

(1)

Investigative Application of the "Signature" Aspect

823

(7)

Signature Aspect

826

(2)

Signature Aspect

828

(1)

Signature Aspect

829

(1)

The Suspect

830

(1)

Evidence

831

(2)

Signature Aspect of the Crimes

831

(1)

Practical Examples of Signature Activity21

831

(2)

Conclusion

833

(1)

Geographic Profiling

833

(12)

Investigative Elements to Consider in Geographic Profiling

834

(1)

Investigative Elements in the Criminal Case Assessment Process

835

(1)

Types of Crime Locations

835

(7)

Investigative Considerations

842

(1)

The Police Investigation

842

(3)

A Psychology of Evil

845

(3)

A Model for a Psychology of Evil

845

(3)

Conclusion

848

(1)

References

849

(1)

Selected Reading

850

(3)

22 Equivocal Death Investigation

853

(34)

Equivocal Death Investigations

853

(1)

Initiating the Investigation

853

(1)

Case Number 1: An Equivocal Death and Staged Crime Scene — Making a Homicide Appear to Be a Suicide

854

(10)

Introduction

854

(1)

The Crime Scene

854

(1)

The Police Investigation

855

(2)

The Autopsy

857

(1)

Consultative Analysis

857

(1)

Investigative Considerations

857

(1)

Victimology

858

(1)

Investigative Issues

858

(2)

Critique of Police Investigation

860

(1)

Forensic Pathologist Report

861

(1)

Evaluation of the Weapon and the Wound Structure

862

(1)

Response to Insurance Company Medical Expert

862

(2)

Opinion

864

(1)

Case Number 2: An Equivocal Death Investigation with Staged Crime Scene Death Classified as Undetermined Manner

864

(7)

Introduction

864

(1)

The Initial Police Investigation

864

(2)

Initial Detective Investigation

866

(1)

Initial Medical Examiner Investigation

867

(1)

Autopsy Findings

867

(1)

The Follow-Up Medical Examiner Investigation

867

(1)

The Follow-Up Police Investigation

868

(1)

Investigative Assessment and Analysis

868

(1)

Initial Response

868

(1)

Review of the Police and Medical Examiner Investigators' Reports

869

(1)

The Ligature

869

(1)

Victimology

870

(1)

Conclusion

870

(1)

Case Number 3: An Equivocal Death Homicide or Suicide?

871

(10)

Introduction

871

(1)

Case Facts

872

(1)

U.S. Army Autopsy Report Case# ME98-006

872

(2)

USACID Position

874

(1)

Second Medicolegal Examination Requested by Family

874

(1)

Investigative Assessment and Analysis

874

(2)

NYS Medicolegal Analysis Conducted for the National Guard

876

(1)

Preliminary Consultative Reports

876

(1)

USACID Follow-Up

876

(1)

Medical Significance of the Wound Structures

877

(2)

Review of Medicolegal Findings

879

(1)

Final Report

880

(1)

Conclusion

880

(1)

Opinion

880

(1)

Case Number 4: Staged Crime Scene — Homicide or Suicide?

881

(4)

Conclusion

884

(1)

References

885

(1)

Selected Reading

885

(2)

23 Narcotics-Related Homicides

887

(16)

Introduction

887

(1)

The Drug-Related Murder: The Investigative Dilemma

888

(1)

The Drug-Related Murder and the Investigative Reality

889

(2)

The Three-Phase Strategy

891

(10)

Phase 1 — The Homicide Crime Scene

891

(2)

Phase 2 — The Application of Drug Intelligence

893

(6)

Phase 3 — Crime Clearance Procedures

899

(2)

Conclusion

901

(1)

Reference

901

(2)

24 Practical Homicide Investigation: Supervision and Management of the Homicide Investigation

903

(44)

Management Policy

903

(8)

Police Department Policy

904

(1)

Criminal Investigation Management

904

(1)

Specialization, Generalization, or Rotation

905

(4)

Major Pitfalls to Practical Homicide Case Management

909

(2)

Procedures for Effective Management and Supervision of Homicide Investigation

911

(1)

Supervisor's Homicide Checklist

911

(11)

Supervising the Preliminary Investigation at the Scene

911

(2)

Directing Specific Investigative Duties

913

(1)

Supervising Homicide Crime Scene Search

914

(2)

Providing for the Effective Documentation of Events

916

(5)

Case Management

916

(1)

Documentation

917

(4)

First Day of Investigation

921

(1)

Indexing the Homicide Investigation

922

(7)

Conducting the Investigative Conference

925

(4)

Investigation of Police-Related Shootings (OIS/Use of Deadly Force Incidents)

929

(9)

Protocol

930

(8)

I. Introduction

930

(1)

II. Assigning Investigative Responsibility

931

(1)

III. Investigation of OIS/Use of Deadly Force Incident

932

(1)

IV. Interview of Employees Involved

933

(1)

V. Taped Interview of Employees Involved

934

(1)

VI. Follow-Up Investigation

934

(1)

VII. Background Investigation

935

(1)

VIII. Preparation of Investigative Report

935

(1)

IX. Conclusion

936

(1)

Checklist

936

(2)

Apprehension of Homicide Fugitives

938

(2)

Use of Wanted Posters

939

(1)

Distribution of Photographs and Information Flyers to Patrol

939

(1)

Cell Phones

939

(1)

Pagers

940

(1)

Planning the Apprehension

940

(2)

Assessment of Physical Hazards

940

(1)

The Tactical Plan

941

(1)

The Tactical Operation

941

(2)

Notification to Central Communications by Land Line

941

(1)

Hospital

941

(1)

Personnel

941

(1)

Briefing

941

(1)

Equipment

942

(1)

Cold Case Investigations

942

(1)

Conclusion

943

(2)

Epilogue

944

(1)

References

945

(2)

Glossary

947

(30)

Index

977

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Practical Homicide Investigation: Tactics, Procedures, and Forensic Techniques, Fourth Edition

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Practical Homicide Investigation: Tactics, Procedures, and Forensic Techniques, Fourth Edition

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Table of Contents

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