Practical Investigation of Sex Crimes: A Strategic and Operational Approach

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ISBN: 9780849312823 | 0849312825
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/17/2003

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Because of the sensitive nature of sex crimes, police officials must develop a specialized set of interviewing skills to effectively investigate them. Written by former Commanding Officer of the Manhattan Special Victims Squad Thomas P. Carney, Practical Investigation of Sex Crimes: A Strategic and Operational Approach provides a day-to-day guide for investigating sex crimes. Using actual case histories, this comprehensive resource demonstrates the need for policymakers to create separate sex crime units within their jurisdictions and provides law enforcement officials with the tools necessary to thoroughly investigate these unique crimes.

Editor's Note	p. vii
Introduction	p. ix
The Author	p. xi
The Need for Specialization	p. 1
Discussion	p. 5
Liability	p. 6
Impact on Community	p. 7
Impact on Police	p. 7
Corroboration	p. 9
Impact of Sexual Assault of Children	p. 11
District Attorney	p. 12
Hospital Staff, Social Workers, Rape Advocates	p. 12
What Is Sexual Assault?	p. 13
Definitions	p. 13
Public Perception	p. 13
Looking beyond the Definitions	p. 15
Legal Definitions	p. 17
Bibliography	p. 19
Personnel Criteria	p. 21
Impediments	p. 23
Aversion to Subject Material	p. 23
Emotional Support and Control	p. 23
A Different Type of Investigation	p. 24
Limitations of Training	p. 24
Qualities of the Sex Crime Investigator	p. 25
Compassion and Professionalism	p. 26
Ability to Gain Confidence of Victims	p. 27
Nonjudgmental Approach	p. 27
Knowledgeable and Skilled Investigators	p. 29
Skilled Interrogators	p. 29
Appearance	p. 30
Managerial Support	p. 30
The Gender Issue	p. 32
Provisional Status of New Investigators	p. 33
Conclusion	p. 34
Bibliography	p. 35
The Two Crime Scenes	p. 37
The First Officer and the Location-of-Occurrence Crime Scene	p. 38
Steps for the First Officer to Take	p. 39
Obstacles for the First Officer to Overcome	p. 41
The Investigative Team	p. 43
Forensic Techniques	p. 43
Responsibilities of the Investigative Team	p. 44
The Forensic Team: Evidence Response Team	p. 44
Investigative Search of Crime Scene	p. 45
The Search	p. 46
Automated Fingerprint Identification System	p. 47
The Victim and Residual Evidence	p. 47
At the Hospital	p. 49
The Rape Kit	p. 50
Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE)	p. 52
DNA	p. 52
Combined DNA Index System	p. 54
Identical Twins and Identification	p. 54
Collecting Samples for DNA Analysis from Suspects	p. 55
Legal Criteria	p. 55
Buccal Swab	p. 55
Surreptitious Collection of DNA from Suspects during Questioning	p. 57
Collecting DNA Samples from Suspects under Surveillance	p. 57
Seizing a Suspect's Clothing for DNA Evidence	p. 58
Searching for DNA Evidence under Court Order: The Search Warrant	p. 58
Media at the Crime Scene	p. 59
Conclusion	p. 60
Bibliography	p. 61
The Victim and the Interview	p. 63
Discussion	p. 65
Counseling	p. 66
Initial Response of Victims	p. 68
Rage	p. 68
Fear	p. 68
Worthlessness	p. 69
Guilt/Blame	p. 69
Reporting Delays: Attacks by Strangers	p. 70
Delayed Reporting and Acquaintance Rapes	p. 71
The Interview	p. 72
Length of Interview	p. 72
Privacy	p. 73
Setting	p. 73
Investigator Gender	p. 74
Have a Second Investigator Present at the Interview	p. 74
Discourage the Presence of a Support Person during the Interview	p. 75
Ease Tension	p. 75
Expect the Victim to be Untruthful	p. 76
Question the Reporting Delay	p. 76
Explain Each Question That You Ask	p. 77
Maintain a Nonjudgmental Attitude	p. 78
Be Respectful	p. 79
Do Not Touch	p. 79
Questions to Ask during the Interview	p. 80
Physical Characteristics of Suspect	p. 80
Detailed Account of Attack	p. 81
Prior Sexual Activity	p. 83
Previous Reports	p. 84
Allegations against the Victim and Prior Criminal Activity	p. 84
File Photographs	p. 85
Do Not Wait	p. 85
Keep Victim Informed	p. 85
Prepare Victim for Legal Proceedings	p. 86
Conclusion	p. 86
Bibliography	p. 87
Acquaintance Rape and Domestic Rape: Investigative Strategies for Known Rapists	p. 89
Burden of Proof	p. 90
Statistical Overview and the Problem with Sexual Assault Statistics	p. 91
Drug-Induced Rape	p. 96
Alcohol	p. 96
Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam)	p. 98
Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)	p. 99
Ketamine	p. 100
Education and Precautionary Measures	p. 101
Cybersex	p. 102
Investigating Acquaintance Rape	p. 103
Acquaintance Rape: A Difficult Crime to Prove	p. 104
Deception by Victims	p. 105
Addressing the Deception	p. 105
Victim as Sole Witness	p. 106
Victims' Prior Actions	p. 106
Lack of Physical Evidence	p. 107
Credibility of Victims	p. 107
Strategies to Address Credibility Problems, Support Victim's Allegations, and Uncover the Truth	p. 108
Repetitive Nature of Attacks and the History of the Suspect	p. 108
Recorded Conversations	p. 108
Victim's Role	p. 109
Recorded Telephone Conversations	p. 110
e-Mail and Instant Messages	p. 110
Eavesdropping Warrant	p. 110
The Truth	p. 111
Rape on Campus	p. 111
University Policies	p. 112
Investigative Impact of Campus Policies	p. 112
Addressing the Issue of Campus Policy	p. 113
Rape at High-Security Locations (Hotels, Businesses)	p. 114
Investigating Domestic Rape	p. 116
Agency Rules That Require Arrests in Domestic Situations	p. 118
Recorded Conversations	p. 119
Bibliography	p. 121
Investigative Strategies for Stranger Rape	p. 123
Victim Profile	p. 124
Targeting Potential Victims	p. 126
The Blame Game	p. 127
Victim Selection	p. 127
Rape during Burglary, Robbery, and Other Felonies	p. 128
Risky Behavior	p. 129
Initial Response by Uniform Personnel and Mobilization of Personnel	p. 130
Initial Response	p. 130
Mobilization of Personnel	p. 130
First Officer	p. 132
Uniform Supervisor	p. 133
Initial Investigative Response	p. 134
Team Approach	p. 134
Lead Investigators	p. 135
Investigative Supervisors	p. 136
Canvass	p. 137
Commuter Canvasses	p. 139
Documentation	p. 139
The Ongoing Investigation	p. 141
Prior Criminal Activity of Sexual Offenders	p. 141
Computer Analysis	p. 144
Conclusion	p. 145
Bibliography	p. 147
Investigative and Tactical Plans for Serial Sexual Assault	p. 149
Investigative and Tactical Plans Defined	p. 150
Sexual Assault Patterns	p. 150
The Investigative Plan	p. 150
Case Familiarity	p. 151
Public Announcement	p. 151
Intelligence Reporting Structure	p. 152
Logbooks and Paper Documentation Model	p. 153
Computer-Generated Model	p. 154
Dissemination of Intelligence to Noninvestigative Units: Overcoming Cultural Bias	p. 154
When New Attack Patterns Occur	p. 155
Old Cases	p. 158
The Tactical Plan	p. 158
Establish a Lead Unit within a Multifaceted Approach	p. 158
Coordination Conference	p. 160
Assist Patrol with Investigative Personnel	p. 161
Personnel Commitment	p. 162
Detectives	p. 163
Uniform Patrol	p. 163
Continuing Efforts	p. 165
In the Event of a New Attack	p. 166
Police Surveillance Cameras	p. 167
DNA Indictments	p. 168
DNA Indictment Protocol and Statute of Limitations	p. 171
Conclusion	p. 173
The Profile of the Rapist: Understanding and Interrogating Rapists	p. 175
Abnormal Psychology of the Rapist	p. 176
Why Psychological and Geographic Profiles Are Useful	p. 178
Efficiency	p. 178
Narrowing the Geographic Area of the Search	p. 178
Provide Public with Protective Information	p. 178
Preparing a Case for Profilers	p. 181
Psychological Profiles	p. 182
Interrogating Tip	p. 183
Two General Rapist Categories	p. 184
Selfish Rapist	p. 184
Interrogation Tip	p. 185
Pseudo-Unselfish Rapist	p. 185
Interrogation Tip	p. 186
Specific Rapist Categories	p. 187
The Power Assertive Rapist	p. 187
Investigative Tip	p. 188
The Power Reassurance Rapist	p. 188
Investigative Tip	p. 188
The Anger Retaliatory Rapist	p. 189
Interrogation Tip	p. 189
The Anger Excitation Rapist	p. 189
Interrogation Tip	p. 190
The Opportunistic Rapist	p. 190
Investigative Tip	p. 190
Investigative Preparation for Profiling	p. 190
Geographic Profiling	p. 191
Conclusion	p. 194
Bibliography	p. 195
False Allegations of Rape	p. 197
Impact	p. 197
Police	p. 197
Communities	p. 198
Activists	p. 198
Government Officials	p. 199
Historical Viewpoint	p. 199
Reasons for False Reports	p. 200
False Acquaintance and Domestic Allegations	p. 200
False Stranger Allegations	p. 201
To Believe the Victim or Not? The False Report Trap	p. 202
Discussion	p. 204
Identifying False Allegations	p. 205
Strategies to Address False Allegations	p. 207
False Stranger Allegations	p. 207
False Acquaintance and Domestic Allegations	p. 208
Conclusions	p. 208
Lineups	p. 209
Helping the Victim to Remember	p. 211
Prepare the Victim to View the Lineup	p. 212
Expect the Unusual	p. 213
Conclusion	p. 214
Index	p. 215
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Practical Investigation of Sex Crimes: A Strategic and Operational Approach

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