The Prairie People

In addition to reprinting the full text of Clifton's extraordinary ethnohistory, this expanded edition features a new essay offering a narrative of his continuing professional and personal encounters, since 1962, with this enduring native community.

Preface to the 1998 Edition

xi

Preface to the 1977 Edition

xix

Introduction

3

(22)

Tribal Names and Identities

6

(5)

Potawatom Identity

11

(7)

Potawatomi or Mascoutens?

18

(2)

The Tribal Society

20

(5)

Before History

25

(18)

The Protohistoric Estate

25

(1)

The Protohistoric Habitat

26

(2)

Linguistic Evidence

28

(2)

Traditional History

30

(2)

Archeological and Post-Contact Cultural Evidence

32

(3)

Diaspora and Resettlement: 1641--1667

35

(8)

The Quebec Connection

43

(26)

Potawatomi Ideology I

46

(3)

Perrot and Allouez: 1668--1671

49

(6)

Leadership and Governance I

55

(7)

External Relations

62

(4)

Territorial Expansion I

66

(3)

Chronicles of the French Regime: 1668--1760

69

(36)

Agents and Agencies

73

(7)

Friends and Foes

80

(18)

The Quebec Connection Severed

98

(7)

Persistence and Change in the French Era

105

(26)

Ideology II: Names and Identity

106

(5)

Social Organization I: The Clan System

111

(8)

Leadership and Governance II: The Emergent Chief

119

(2)

Religion I

121

(4)

Economy and Technology

125

(6)

Contest for Sovereignty: 1761--1795

131

(26)

Revolt in the West

132

(2)

British Ascendancy

134

(3)

The New American Nation

137

(3)

British-American Conflict: 1783--1795

140

(7)

The Greenville Treaty, 1795

147

(10)

Persistence and Change in the Interregnum

157

(22)

Territorial Expansion II

158

(3)

Leadership and Governance III: A Plethora of Chiefs

161

(12)

Patterns of Feuding and Warfare

173

(6)

The Diminishing Estate: 1796--1837

179

(68)

Prelude to Battle

185

(17)

The Potawatomi in the War of 1812

202

(14)

The New Scene: On Treaties and Tribulations

216

(31)

Persistence and Change in the Treaty Era

247

(32)

Responses to American Indian Policies

248

(10)

Ideology III: American and Potawatomi Views on Human Nature

258

(5)

Religion II: Changing Patterns of Myth, Ritual, and Cult

263

(9)

Leadership and Governance IV: Middlemen, Brokers, and Chiefs

272

(4)

Social Organization II: Demise of the Tribe

276

(3)

Migration and Resettlement: 1835--1847

279

(68)

First Moves: Towards Leavenworth, Upper Canada, and the Platte

283

(13)

Diaspora---West, East, North

296

(15)

Geographic Dispersion and Cultural Divergence

311

(6)

The Iowa Experience---Emergence of the Prairie People

317

(12)

The Treaty of 1846

329

(13)

Reunion on the Kaw

342

(5)

The Reservation Experience: 1848--1905

347

(58)

Cultural Character and Sociopolitical Adaptations

353

(22)

Traders, Missionaries, and Economic Adaptations

375

(14)

The Dawes Allotment Act and Its Aftermath

389

(16)

The Prairie People in the Modern World

405

(34)

Economic and Political Adaptations

410

(18)

Conflict and Dissensus

428

(6)

The Beleagured Community

434

(5)

Postscript, 1975

439

(6)

Appendices

445

(8)

A. The Potawatomi Language

445

(5)

B. Glossary

450

(1)

C. The Baldwin Constitution of 1932

451

(2)

Notes

453

(32)

Bibliography

485

(28)

Index

513

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Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials