Pressure Vessels: Design and Practice

With very few books adequately addressing ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, and other international code issues, this book provides a comprehensive, in-depth guide on everything engineers need to know to design pressure vessels. This volume covers the basic theories and principles behind the stress limiting conditions in the codes and is also a practical guide for designing and building pressure vessels of all types. Not just a 'cookbook,' this volume allows you to trace the origin of the design equations used in the construction codes so that you will gain valuable insights into the design process.

Overview of pressure vessels

1

(14)

Introduction

1

(8)

Development of pressure vessel construction codes

9

(6)

References

13

(2)

Pressure vessel design philosophy

15

(12)

General overview

15

(4)

Structural and material considerations

19

(4)

Factor of safety

23

(1)

Design by rule

24

(1)

Design by analysis

24

(3)

References

25

(2)

Structural design criteria

27

(12)

Modes of failure

27

(1)

Theories of failure

27

(3)

Theories of failure used in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

30

(1)

Allowable stress limits in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

31

(3)

Service limits

34

(2)

Design for cyclic loading

36

(1)

Protection against fracture

37

(2)

References

38

(1)

Problems

38

(1)

Stress categories and stress limits

39

(18)

Introduction

39

(1)

Stress intensity

40

(1)

Categorization of stresses

40

(2)

Primary stress

40

(1)

Secondary stress

41

(1)

Peak stress

42

(1)

Stress limits

42

(3)

Special stress limits

45

(1)

Practical aspects of stress categorization

45

(3)

Shape factor considerations

48

(9)

References

56

(1)

Problems

56

(1)

Design of cylindrical shells

57

(16)

Introduction

57

(1)

Thin-shell equations

58

(3)

Thick-shell equations

61

(2)

Approximate equations

63

(1)

Buckling of cylindrical shells

64

(4)

Discontinuity stresses in pressure vessels

68

(5)

References

70

(1)

Problems

71

(2)

Design of heads and covers

73

(16)

Introduction

73

(1)

Hemispherical heads under internal pressure

74

(5)

ASME equation for hemispherical heads

79

(1)

Example problem 1

79

(1)

Thin-shell theory

79

(1)

``Exact'' theory

79

(1)

ASME equation (assuming E = 1)

80

(1)

ASME design equation for ellipsoidal heads

80

(1)

ASME equation for torispherical heads

80

(1)

Example problem 2

81

(1)

Solution for ASME head using Eq. (6.15)

81

(1)

ASME design equations for conical heads

82

(1)

ASME design equations for toriconical heads

83

(1)

Flat heads and covers

84

(2)

Case 1

84

(1)

Case 2

84

(2)

ASME equation for unstayed flat heads and covers

86

(1)

Example problem 3

86

(3)

Considering simply supported edges

86

(1)

Considering clamped edges

87

(1)

Considering unstayed plates and covers

87

(1)

References

87

(2)

Design of nozzles and openings

89

(10)

Introduction

89

(1)

Stress concentration about a circular hole

90

(1)

Cylindrical shell with a circular hole under internal pressure

91

(1)

Spherical shell with a circular hole under internal pressure

92

(1)

Reinforcement of openings

93

(3)

Reinforcement example problem

95

(1)

Nozzles in pressure vessels

96

(3)

References

98

(1)

Fatigue assessment of pressure vessels

99

(14)

Introduction

99

(2)

Exemption from fatigue analysis

101

(1)

S--N curves

102

(1)

Local strain approach to fatigue

103

(2)

Design fatigue curves

105

(1)

Cumulative damage

105

(2)

Cycle counting

107

(1)

Fatigue evaluation procedure

108

(2)

Example of fatigue evaluation

110

(3)

References

111

(1)

Problems

111

(2)

Bolted flange connections

113

(8)

Introduction

113

(1)

Gasket joint behavior

114

(2)

Design of bolts

116

(1)

Examples

116

(4)

Problem 1

116

(1)

Problem 2

117

(3)

Closure

120

(1)

References

120

(1)

Problems

120

(1)

Design of vessel supports

121

(8)

Introduction

121

(1)

Lug support

122

(2)

Support skirts

124

(1)

Example problem

125

(1)

Solution

125

(1)

Saddle supports

125

(4)

References

128

(1)

Simplified inelastic methods in pressure vessel design

129

(12)

Introduction

129

(3)

Elastic analysis incorporating modified Poisson's ratio

132

(2)

Elastic analysis to address plastic strain intensification

134

(3)

Conclusion

137

(4)

References

138

(3)

Case studies

141

(16)

Introduction

141

(1)

Sizing of a pressure vessel

142

(1)

Example problem

142

(1)

Solution

143

(1)

Nozzle reinforcement assessment

143

(2)

Vessel and nozzle thickness calculations

143

(1)

Reinforcement calculations

144

(1)

Fatigue evaluation using elastic analysis

145

(2)

Fatigue evaluation using the simplified inelastic analysis method

147

(3)

Structural evaluation of a reactor vessel support

150

(7)

References

155

(2)

Appendix A Review of solid mechanics

157

(14)

A.1 Introduction

157

(1)

A.2 Concept of stress

158

(1)

A.3 Equations of equilibrium in a cylindrical system

159

(1)

A.4 Principal stresses

160

(1)

A.5 Strain

161

(2)

A.6 Stress-strain relations

163

(1)

A.7 Elastic plane problems

163

(4)

A.7.1 Plane strain

164

(1)

A.7.2 Plane stress

165

(1)

A.7.3 Stress function formulation

165

(2)

A.8 Plasticity

167

(4)

Appendix B Review of fatigue and fracture mechanics

171

(6)

B.1 S--N curves

171

(2)

B.2 Cumulative fatigue damage

173

(1)

B.3 Basic fracture mechanics

173

(3)

B.4 Example

176

(1)

B.4.1 Solution

176

(1)

Appendix C Limit analysis

177

C.1 Shape factor

177

(1)

C.2 Collapse phenomena and limit theorems

178

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Pressure Vessels: Design and Practice

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Table of Contents

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Pressure Vessels: Design and Practice

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