A Primer for the Exercise and Nutrition

The subject of thermodynamics is rarely found in Nutrition and Exercise Physiology textbooks. Yet this material is fundamental to any serious inquisition concerning energy exchange.This book provides a fresh approach to the study of energy expenditure by introducing the latest concepts in open system thermodynamics and cellular to whole-body energy exchange. The text traces biological energy exchange, from the molecules in the food we eat to the energy demands of rest, physical exertion and its recovery.The carefully researched text advances traditional exercise physiology concepts by incorporating contemporary thermodynamic and cellular physiology principles into the context of a 'working' metabolism.This book is written for upper level undergraduate and graduate students, but will also appeal to exercise physiologists, registered dieticians and nutritionists, and applies to cardiac rehabilitation, exercise science and health fitness programs.

Introduction: Thermodynamics, Bioenergetics, Metabolism	p. 1
References	p. 3
Thermodynamics
Within and Without: Systems and Surroundings	p. 7
Isolated Systems	p. 8
Closed Systems	p. 8
Open Systems	p. 9
Life is an Open System	p. 11
Conservation	p. 13
Matter and Energy	p. 17
Matter	p. 17
Energy	p. 19
Internal Energy	p. 21
Internal Energy (U) Exchanges	p. 23
References	p. 25
Bibliography	p. 25
Energy Accountability: Enthalpy (H)	p. 27
The Chemical Reaction System	p. 27
Chemical (Standard) Enthalpy Exchanges	p. 28
Chemical (Nonstandard) Enthalpy Exchange	p. 31
Bibliography	p. 33
Energy Has Bias: Entropy (S)	p. 35
Second Laws of Thermodynamics	p. 35
Energy Distribution	p. 37
References	p. 42
Bibliography	p. 42
The Energy Exchange Gradient: Gibbs Energy (G)	p. 43
[delta]G[degree]	p. 43
Energy Unification	p. 45
[delta]G[degree]': Closed Systems Under Standard Conditions	p. 47
[delta]G: Nonstandard Conditions	p. 49
References	p. 52
Bibliography	p. 52
Bioenergetics
Life's Currency: ATP	p. 55
ATP: Structure and Content	p. 55
ATP: Energy Exchange	p. 56
ATP: Turnover Efficiency	p. 57
ATP Utilization (Energy Demand)	p. 58
ATP Resynthesis (Energy Supply)	p. 60
References	p. 61
Metabolism as an Energy-Exchange Device	p. 63
Metabolic Power: Force and Flow	p. 64
Negative Entropy (?)	p. 66
Dynamics of a Metabolic Pathway	p. 67
Intracellular Transport	p. 68
Time	p. 71
Exergy Synopsis	p. 72
References	p. 72
Anaerobic Metabolism	p. 75
A Brief History of Anaerobic Biochemistry	p. 75
The Glycolytic Gradient	p. 76
Glycolytic Enthalpy and Entropy	p. 80
"High-Energy" Phosphate Buffering	p. 81
Anaerobic "Speed"	p. 82
References	p. 84
Aerobic Metabolism	p. 87
Mitochondria	p. 87
Krebs Cycle: Gradient 1	p. 88
Electron Transport Chain: Gradient 2	p. 91
Proton-Motive Force: Gradient 3	p. 92
The Creatine Phosphate Shuttle	p. 94
ATP Tally	p. 95
References	p. 96
Metabolism
Aerobic Energy Expenditure	p. 99
Combustion, Respiration, and Heat	p. 99
Thornton's Law: Combustion	p. 100
Respiration and Energy Expenditure	p. 103
Heat and Gas Exchange	p. 105
Aerobic Energy Expenditure as Heat and Entropy	p. 106
CO[subscript 2] and O[subscript 2]: RER = Aerobic and Anaerobic Energy Exchange	p. 108
References	p. 110
Anaerobic Energy Expenditure	p. 111
The Oxygen Deficit	p. 111
Lactate	p. 115
References	p. 121
Metabolic Energy Expenditure at Rest	p. 123
Measuring Energy Expenditure: Calorimetry	p. 123
The Energy Expenditure of Rest	p. 127
Eating and Energy Expenditure	p. 130
Pregnancy and Energy Expenditure	p. 131
References	p. 133
Metabolic Energy Expenditure of Activity (Work and Exercise)	p. 137
Rate vs. Capacity vs. METs	p. 137
Muscle	p. 141
Work and Energy Expenditure Relationships	p. 143
Glycolytic vs. Respiratory Efficiency	p. 145
References	p. 147
Total Energy Expenditure of Exercise and Recovery	p. 149
Aerobic Exercise Energy Expenditure	p. 149
Anaerobic Exercise Energy Expenditure	p. 151
Aerobic Recovery Energy Expenditure	p. 153
Dismissing the Oxygen Debt Hypothesis	p. 155
Total Energy Expenditure	p. 157
Weight Loss: Low vs. High Intensity Activity	p. 158
References	p. 160
Index	p. 163
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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A Primer for the Exercise and Nutrition Sciences

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