The Prince

Classic, Renaissance-era guide to acquiring and maintaining political power. Today, nearly 500 years after it was written, this calculating prescription for autocratic rule continues to be much read and studied.

Introduction

vii

A Note on the Translation

xxv

Chronology

xxix

Map

xxxii

The Prince

1

(2)

Dedicatory Letter

3

(2)

How Many Are the Kinds of Principalities and in What Modes They Are Acquired

5

(1)

Of Hereditary Principalities

6

(1)

Of Mixed Principalities

7

(9)

Why the Kingdom of Darius Which Alexander Seized Did Not Rebel from His Successors after Alexander's Death

16

(4)

How Cities or Principalities Which Lived by Their Own Laws before They Were Occupied Should Be Administered

20

(1)

Of New Principalities That Are Acquired through One's Own Arms and Virtue

21

(4)

Of New Principalities That Are Acquired by Other's Arms and Fortune

25

(9)

Of Those Who Have Attained a Principality through Crimes

34

(4)

Of the Civil Principality

38

(4)

In What Mode the Forces of All Principalities Should Be Measured

42

(3)

Of Ecclesiastical Principalities

45

(3)

How Many Kinds of Military There Are and Concerning Mercenary Soldiers

48

(6)

Of Auxiliary, Mixed, and One's Own Soldiers

54

(4)

What a Prince Should Do Regarding the Military

58

(3)

Of Those Things for Which Men and Especially Princes Are Praised or Blamed

61

(1)

Of Liberality and Parsimony

62

(3)

Of Cruelty and Mercy, and Whether It is Better to Be Loved Than Feared, or the Contrary

65

(3)

In What Mode Faith Should Be Kept by Princes

68

(3)

Of Avoiding Contempt and Hatred

71

(12)

Whether Fortresses and Many Other Things Which Are Made and Done by Princes Every Day Are Useful or Useless

83

(4)

What a Prince Should Do to be Held in Esteem

87

(5)

Of Those Whom Princes Have as Secretaries

92

(1)

In What Mode Flatterers Are to Be Avoided

93

(3)

Why the Princes of Italy Have Lost Their States

96

(2)

How Much Fortune Can Do in Human Affairs, and in What Mode It May Be Opposed

98

(3)

Exhortation to Seize Italy and to Free Her from the Barbarians

101

(6)

Appendix Machiavelli's Letter of December 10, 1513

107

(6)

Glossary

113

(28)

Bibliography

141

(4)

Index of Proper Names

145

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Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials