Principles of Three-Dimensional Design

This text is a thorough introduction to three-dimensional design: the importance of forms and objects in space. It covers the areas of problem solving: form/plane/space relationships. Of equal importance is its unique coverage of functional, cultural, and spatial contexts that condition the meanings we impart in creating objects. Its underlying goal is to provide a practical and theoretical understanding of how objects and the spaces they occupy shape the physical and perceptual nature of our reality.

Preface

v

Problem Solving

1

(9)

Design and Form

1

(1)

The Design Process

1

(7)

Creativity

8

(2)

Form in Space

10

(13)

Design and Form

10

(2)

Spatial Principles

12

(3)

Point of View

15

(4)

Frame of Reference

19

(3)

Form and Context

22

(1)

Plane and Space

23

(14)

Introduction

23

(1)

Interaction and Stability

23

(2)

Environmental Planes

25

(2)

Architectural Planes

27

(1)

Transitions

28

(1)

Planes of Space

29

(5)

Plane and Volume

34

(1)

Planes and Shape

35

(2)

Organization

37

(14)

Introduction

37

(1)

Structure and Unity

37

(2)

Balance

39

(2)

Repetition with Variety

41

(2)

Proportion

43

(2)

Continuity

45

(1)

Focus and Emphasis

45

(1)

Economy

46

(1)

Implied Structure

47

(1)

Informality

47

(1)

Randomness and Chance

48

(1)

Order and Predictability

48

(3)

Surface and Relief

51

(6)

Introduction

51

(1)

Light and Shadow

52

(1)

Surface

53

(3)

Depth of Relief

56

(1)

Mass and Void

57

(13)

Introduction

57

(1)

Mass/Void Interaction

57

(3)

Surface and Volume

60

(2)

Geometric Volumes

62

(3)

Form in Nature

65

(2)

Stress Curves

67

(1)

Generated Forms

68

(2)

Line and Point

70

(11)

Introduction

70

(1)

Line and Surface

70

(5)

Line as Object

75

(2)

Pattern and Density

77

(2)

Line, Point, and Dematerialization

79

(2)

Color and Material

81

(12)

Introduction

81

(1)

Inherent and Applied Color

81

(1)

Illumination

82

(2)

Texture

84

(1)

Texture and Value

85

(1)

Properties of Material

85

(3)

Strength

88

(1)

Composites

88

(5)

Structure

93

(18)

Introduction

93

(1)

Force and Structure

93

(1)

Structural Configurations

93

(4)

Lines of Force

97

(4)

Surface Structures

101

(1)

Modular Structure

102

(1)

Joining

102

(4)

Secure Balance

106

(1)

Hierarchical Structure

106

(5)

Time and Kinetics

111

(11)

Introduction

111

(1)

Patterns in Time

111

(3)

Operators and Operations

114

(1)

Medium and Motion

114

(3)

Objects as Events

117

(2)

Process and Performance

119

(2)

Conclusion

121

(1)

Notes on Meaning

122

(7)

Introduction

122

(1)

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Meaning

122

(1)

Sign and Symbol

123

(3)

Communication

126

(3)

Environment and Place

129

(13)

Introduction

129

(1)

The Pedestal

129

(2)

Installations

131

(2)

Archetypes of Place

133

(1)

Designating Place

134

(2)

Behavior and Place

136

(3)

Place and Ritual

139

(3)

Virtual Space

142

(1)

Introduction

142

(1)

Digital 3D

142

(2)

CAD-CAM

144

(3)

Virtual Reality

147

(1)

Virtual Place

147

(2)

Perception and Communication

149

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Principles of Three-Dimensional Design Objects, Space and Meaning

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials