Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering

, by Rizzoni, Giorgio

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ISBN: 9780075618324 | 007561832X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 7/1/1999

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Supplemental Materials

Introduction to Electrical Engineering

(13)

Electrical Engineering

(2)

Electrical Engineering as a Foundation for the Design of Mechatronic Systems

(4)

Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Review

(1)

Brief History of Electrical Engineering

(1)

System of Units

(1)

Special Features of This Book

(3)

PART I CIRCUITS

(322)

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits

(56)

Charge, Current, and Kirchhoff's Current Law

(5)

Voltage and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

(2)

Ideal Voltage and Current Sources

(3)

Ideal Voltage Sources

(1)

Ideal Current Sources

(1)

Dependent (Controlled) Sources

(1)

Electric Power and Sign Convention

(3)

Circuit Elements and Their i-v Characteristics

(1)

Resistance and Ohm's Law

(19)

Open and Short Circuits

(1)

Series Resistors and the Voltage Divider Rule

(3)

Parallel Resistors and the Current Divider Rule

(7)

Practical Voltage and Current Sources

(1)

Measuring Devices

(2)

The Ohmmeter

(1)

The Ammeter

(1)

The Voltmeter

(1)

Electrical Networks

(19)

Branch

(3)

Node

(1)

Loop

(1)

Mesh

(1)

Network Analysis

(1)

Circuit Variables

(1)

Ground

(14)

Resistive Network Analysis

(54)

The Node Voltage Method

(6)

Nodal Analysis with Voltage Source

(1)

The Mesh Current Method

(6)

Mesh Analysis with Current Sources

(2)

Nodal and Mesh Analysis with Controlled Sources

(2)

Remarks on Node Voltage and Mesh Current Methods

(1)

The Principle of Superposition

(3)

One-Port Networks and Equivalent Circuits

(18)

Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits

(1)

Determination of Norton or Thevenin Equivalent Resistance

(4)

Computing the Thevenin Voltage

(4)

Computing the Norton Current

(2)

Source Transformations

101

(3)

Experimental Determination of Thevenin and Norton Equivalents

104

(3)

Maximum Power Transfer

107

(3)

Nonlinear Circuit Elements

110

(15)

Description of Nonlinear Elements

110

(1)

Graphical (Load-Line) Analysis of Nonlinear Circuits

111

(14)

AC Network Analysis

125

(56)

Energy-Storage (Dynamic) Circuit Elements

126

(15)

The Ideal Capacitor

126

(4)

Energy Storage in Capacitors

130

(3)

The Ideal Inductor

133

(4)

Energy Storage in Inductors

137

(4)

Time-Dependent Signal Sources

141

(4)

Why Sinusoids?

141

(1)

Average and RMS Values

142

(3)

Solution of Circuits Containing Dynamic Elements

145

(3)

Forced Response of Circuits Excited by Sinusoidal Sources

146

(2)

Phasors and Impedance

148

(14)

Euler's Identity

148

(1)

Phasors

149

(2)

Superposition of AC Signals

151

(2)

Impedance

153

(1)

The Resistor

153

(1)

The Inductor

154

(1)

The Capacitor

155

(6)

Admittance

161

(1)

AC Circuit Analysis Methods

162

(19)

AC Equivalent Circuits

166

(15)

Transient Analysis

181

(50)

Introduction

181

(2)

Solution of Circuits Containing Dynamic Elements

183

(3)

Transient Response of First-Order Circuits

186

(17)

Natural Response of First-Order Circuits

187

(4)

Forced and Complete Response of First-Order Circuits

191

(1)

Continuity of Capacitor Voltages and Inductor Circuits

192

(2)

Complete Solution of First-Order Circuits

194

(9)

Transient Response of First-Order Circuits

203

(28)

Deriving the Differential Equations for Second-Order Circuits

204

(1)

Natural Response of Second-Order Circuits

205

(3)

Overdamped Solution

208

(1)

Critically Damped Solution

209

(1)

Underdamped Solution

209

(1)

Forced and Complete Response of Second-Order Circuits

210

(21)

Frequency Response and System Concepts

231

(50)

Sinusoidal Frequency Response

232

(6)

Filters

238

(22)

Low-Pass Filters

239

(6)

High-Pass Filter

245

(3)

Band-Pass Filters

248

(9)

Decibel (db) or Bode Plots

257

(3)

Complex Frequency and the Laplace Transform

260

(21)

The Laplace Transform

263

(4)

Transfer Functions, Poles, and Zeros

267

(14)

AC Power

281

(55)

Power in AC Circuits

282

(7)

Instantaneous and Average Power

282

(2)

AC Power Notation

284

(4)

Power Factor

288

(1)

Complex Power

289

(19)

Power Factor, Revisited

294

(14)

Transformers

308

(7)

The Ideal Transformer

309

(2)

Impedance Reflection and Power Transfer

311

(4)

Three-Phase Power

315

(7)

Balanced Wye Loads

318

(1)

Balanced Delta Loads

319

(3)

Residential Wiring; Grounding and Safety

322

(3)

Generation and Distribution of AC Power

325

(11)

PART II ELECTRONICS

336

(430)

Semiconductors and Diodes

337

(54)

Electrical Conduction in Semiconductor Devices

338

(2)

The pn Junction and the Semiconductor Diode

340

(3)

Circuit Models for the Semiconductor Diode

343

(17)

Large-Signal Diode Models

343

(8)

Small-Signal Diode Models

351

(6)

Piecewise Linear Diode Model

357

(3)

Practical Diode Circuits

360

(31)

The Full-Wave Rectifier

360

(2)

The Bridge Rectifier

362

(2)

DC Power Supplies, Zener Diodes, and Voltage Regulation

364

(6)

Signal-Processing Applications

370

(7)

Photodiodes

377

(14)

Transistor Fundamentals

391

(46)

Transistors as Amplifiers and Switches

392

(2)

The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

394

(13)

Determining the Operating Region of a BJT

397

(2)

Selecting an Operating Point for a BJT

399

(8)

BJT Large-Signal Model

407

(8)

Large-Signal Model of the npn BJT

407

(8)

Field-Effect Transistors

415

(1)

Overview of Enhancement-Mode MOSFETs

415

(8)

Operation of the n-Channel Enhancement-Mode MOSFETs

416

(5)

p-Channel MOSFETs and CMOS Devices

421

(2)

Depletion MOSFETs and JFETs

423

(14)

Depletion MOSFETs

423

(2)

Junction Field-Effect Transistors

425

(1)

Depletion MOSFET and JFET Equations

426

(11)

Transistor Amplifiers and Switches

437

(58)

Small-Signal Models of the BJT

438

(5)

Transconductance

441

(2)

BJT Small-Signal Amplifiers

443

(14)

DC Analysis of the Common-Emitter Amplifier

446

(7)

AC Analysis of the Common-Emitter Amplifier

453

(4)

Other BJT Amplifier Circuits

457

(1)

FET Small-Signal Amplifiers

457

(11)

The MOSFET Common-Source Amplifier

461

(4)

The MOSFET Source Follower

465

(3)

Transistor Amplifiers

468

(4)

Frequency Response of Small-Signal Amplifiers

468

(2)

Multistage Amplifiers

470

(2)

Transistor Gates and Switches

472

(23)

Analog Gates

473

(1)

Digital Gates

473

(22)

Power Electronics

495

(36)

Classification of Power Electronic Devices

496

(1)

Classification of Power Electronic Circuits

497

(2)

Voltage Regulators

499

(3)

Power Amplifiers and Transistor Switches

502

(6)

Power Amplifiers

502

(2)

BJT Switching Characteristics

504

(1)

Power MOSFETs

505

(3)

Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs)

508

(1)

Rectifiers and Controlled Rectifiers (AC-DC Converters)

508

(10)

Three-Phase Rectifiers

511

(1)

Thyristors and Controlled Rectifiers

512

(6)

Electric Motor Drives

518

(13)

Choppers (DC-DC Converters)

518

(5)

Inverters (DC-AC Converters)

523

(8)

Operational Amplifiers

531

(68)

Amplifiers

532

(1)

Ideal Amplifier Characteristics

532

(1)

The Operational Amplifier

533

(20)

The Open-Loop Model

534

(1)

The Operational Amplifier in the Closed-Loop Mode

535

(18)

Active Filters

553

(6)

Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

559

(3)

The Ideal Differentiator

562

(1)

Analog Computers

562

(7)

Scaling in Analog Computers

564

(5)

Physical Limitations of Op-Amps

569

(30)

Voltage Supply Limits

569

(2)

Frequency Response Limits

571

(3)

Input Offset Voltage

574

(1)

Input Bias Currents

575

(1)

Output Offset Adjustment

576

(1)

Slew Rate Limit

577

(2)

Short-Circuit Output Current

579

(1)

Common-Mode Rejection Ratio

580

(19)

Digital Logic Circuits

599

(48)

Analog and Digital Signals

600

(2)

The Binary Number System

602

(8)

Addition and Subtraction

602

(1)

Multiplication and Division

603

(1)

Conversion from Decimal to Binary

604

(2)

Complements and Negative Numbers

606

(1)

The Hexadecimal System

606

(1)

Binary Codes

606

(4)

Boolean Algebra

610

(10)

AND and OR Gates

610

(7)

NAND and NOR Gates

617

(2)

The XOR (Exlusive OR) Gate

619

(1)

Karnaugh Maps and Logic Design

620

(14)

Sum-of-Products Realizations

627

(1)

Product-of-Sums Realizations

627

(4)

Don't Care Conditions

631

(3)

Combinational Logic Modules

634

(13)

Multiplexers

634

(1)

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

635

(3)

Decorders and Read and Write Memory

638

(9)

Digital Systems

647

(42)

Sequential Logic Modules

648

(16)

Latches and Flip-Flops

648

(7)

Digital Counters

655

(7)

Registers

662

(2)

Sequential Logic Design

664

(3)

Microcomputers

667

(3)

Microcomputer Architecture

670

(1)

Microcontrollers

671

(9)

Computer Architecture

672

(2)

Number Systems and Number Codes in Digital Computers

674

(1)

Memory Organization

675

(2)

Operation of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)

677

(1)

Interrupts

678

(1)

Instruction Set for the MC68HC05 Microcontroller

679

(1)

Programming and Application Development in a Microcontroller

680

(1)

A Typical Automotive Engine Microcontroller

680

(9)

General Description

680

(1)

Processor Section

681

(1)

Memory

682

(2)

Inputs

684

(1)

Outputs

685

(4)

Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements

689

(77)

Measurement Systems and Transducers

690

(5)

Measurement Systems

690

(1)

Sensor Classification

690

(1)

Motion and Dimensional Measurements

691

(1)

Force, Torque, and Pressure Measurements

691

(2)

Flow Measurements

693

(1)

Temperature Measurements

693

(2)

Wiring, Grounding, and Noise

695

(4)

Signal Sources and Measurement System Configurations

695

(2)

Noise Sources and Coupling Mechanisms

697

(1)

Noise Reduction

698

(1)

Signal Conditioning

699

(14)

Instrumentation Amplifiers

699

(5)

Active Filters

704

(9)

Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversion

713

(14)

Digital-to-Analog Converters

714

(4)

Analog-to-Digital Converters

718

(5)

Data Acquisition Systems

723

(4)

Comparator and Timing Circuits

727

(15)

The Op-Amp Comparator

728

(3)

The Schmitt Trigger

731

(4)

The Op-Amp Astable Multivibrator

735

(2)

The Op-Amp Monostable Multivibrator (One-Shot)

737

(3)

Timer ICs: The NE555

740

(2)

Other Instrumentation Integrated Circuits Amplifiers

742

(6)

DACs and ADCs

743

(1)

Frequency-to-Voltage, Voltage-to-Frequency Converters and Phase-Locked Loops

743

(1)

Other Sensor and Signal Conditioning Circuits

743

(5)

Data Transmission in Digital Instruments

748

(18)

The IEEE 488 Bus

749

(4)

The RS-232 Standard

753

(13)

PART III ELECTROMECHANICS

766

(167)

Principles of Electromechanics

767

(60)

Electricity and Magnetism

768

(11)

The Magnetic Field and Faraday's Law

768

(3)

Self- and Mutual Inductance

771

(4)

Ampere's Law

775

(4)

Magnetic Circuits

779

(14)

Magnetic Materials and B-H Circuits

793

(2)

Transformers

795

(4)

Electromechanical Energy Conversion

799

(28)

Forces in Magnetic Structures

800

(1)

Moving-Iron Transducers

800

(9)

Moving-Coil Transducers

809

(18)

Introduction to Electric Machines

827

(62)

Rotating Electric Machines

828

(12)

Basic Classification of Electric Machines

828

(2)

Performance Characteristics of Electric Machines

830

(7)

Basic Operation of All Rotating Machines

837

(1)

Magnetic Poles in Electric Machines

837

(3)

Direct-Current Machines

840

(5)

Physical Structure of DC Machines

840

(2)

Configuration of DC Machines

842

(1)

DC Machine Models

842

(3)

Direct-Current Generators

845

(4)

Direct-Current Motors

849

(13)

Speed-Torque and Dynamic Characteristics of DC Motors

850

(10)

DC Drives and DC Motor Speed Control

860

(2)

AC Machines

862

(2)

Rotating Magnetic Fields

862

(2)

The Alternator (Synchronous Generator)

864

(2)

The Synchronous Motor

866

(4)

The Induction Motor

870

(19)

Performance of Induction Motors

877

(2)

AC Motor Speed and Torque Control

879

(1)

Adjustable-Frequency Drives

880

(9)

Special-Purpose Electric Machines

889

(44)

Brushless DC Motors

890

(7)

Stepping Motors

897

(8)

Switched Reluctance Motors

905

(3)

Operating Principles of SR Machine

906

(2)

Single-Phase AC Motors

908

(15)

The Universal Motor

909

(3)

Single-Phase Induction Motors

912

(5)

Classification of Single-Phase Induction Motors

917

(5)

Summary of Single-Phase Motor Characteristics

922

(1)

Motor Selection and Application

923

(10)

Motor Performance Calculations

923

(3)

Motor Selection

926

(7)

Introduction to Communication Systems

Information, Modulation, and Carriers

Communications Channels

Classification of Communication Systems

Signals and Their Spectra

Signal Spectra

Periodic Signals: Fourier Series

Non-Periodic Signals: The Fourier Transform Bandwidth

Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation

Basic Principle of AM

AM Demodulation: Integrated Circuit Receivers

Comment on AM Applications

Frequency Modulation and Demodulation

Basic Principle of FM

FM Signal Models

FM Demodulation

Examples of Communication Systems

Global Positioning System

Sonar

Radar

Cellular Phones

Local-Area Computer Networks

Appendix A Linear Algebra and Complex Numbers

933

(8)

Appendix B Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Examination

941

(14)

Appendix C Answers to Selected Problems

955

(6)

Index

961

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Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials