Principles of Athletic Training: A Guide to Evidence-Based Clinical Practice

PART I: Professional Development and Responsibilities

Chapter 1: The Athletic Trainer as a Health Care Provider

Historical Perspectives

Sports Medicine and Athletic Training

Employment Settings for the Athletic Trainer

Roles and Responsibilities of the Athletic Trainer

Referring the Patient to Other Medical and Nonmedical Support Services and Personnel

Recognition and Accreditation of the Athletic Trainer as an Allied Health Professional

Requirements for Certification as an Athletic Trainer

State Regulation of the Athletic Trainer

Future Directions for the Athletic Trainer

Summary

Websites

Chapter 2: Health Care Organization and Administration in Athletic Training

Establishing a System for Athletic Training Health Care

Issues Specific to Athletic Training Program Operation in the Secondary-School, College, or University Setting

Issues Specific to Athletic Training Program Operation in the Clinic, Hospital, Corporate, or Industrial Setting

Record Keeping

The Computer as a Tool for the Athletic Trainer

Collecting Injury Data

Summary

Chapter 3: Legal Concerns and Insurance Issues

Legal Concerns for the Athletic Trainer

Insurance Considerations

Third-Party Reimbursement

Summary

Websites

PART II: Risk Management

Chapter 4: Fitness and Conditioning Techniques

The Relationship between Athletic Trainers and Strength and Conditioning Coaches

Principles of Conditioning

Warm-Up and Cooldown

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

The Importance of Muscular Strength, Endurance, and Power

Improving and Maintaining Flexibility

Fitness Assessment

Periodization in Conditioning

Summary

Websites

Chapter 5: Nutrition and Supplements

Nutrition Basics

Energy Sources

Regulator Nutrients

Nutrient Requirements and Recommendations

Dietary Supplements

Eating and Drinking Practices

Glycogen Supercompensation

Body Composition and Weight Control

Summary

Websites

Chapter 6: Environmental Considerations

Hyperthermia

Hypothermia

Altitude

Overexposure to Sun

Lightning Safety

Air Pollution

Circadian Dysrhythmia (Jet Lag)

Synthetic Turf

Summary

Websites

Chapter 7: Protective Equipment

Safety Standards for Sports Equipment and Facilities

Legal Concerns in Using Protective Equipment

Equipment Reconditioning and Recertification

Using Off-the-Shelf versus Custom Protective Equipment

Head Protection

Face Protection

Neck Protection

Trunk and Thorax Protection

Lower-Extremity Protective Equipment

Elbow, Wrist, and Hand Protection

Construction of Protective and Supportive Devices

Summary

Websites

Chapter 8: Wrapping and Taping

Wrapping

Nonelastic and Elastic Adhesive Taping

Common Taping Procedures

Kinesio Taping

Summary

Websites

PART III: Pathology of Sports Injury

Chapter 9: Mechanisms and Characteristics of Musculoskeletal and Nerve Trauma

Mechanical Injury

Musculotendinous Unit Injuries

Synovial Joint Injuries

Bone Injuries

Nerve Trauma

Body Mechanics and Injury Susceptibility

Summary

Websites

Chapter 10: Tissue Response to Injury

The Healing Process

Soft-Tissue Healing

Bone Healing

Pain

Summary

Websites

PART IV: Management Skills

Chapter 11: Psychosocial Intervention for Sports Injuries and Illnesses

The Psychological Response to Injury

The Athlete and the Sociological Response to Injury

Predictors of Injury

Reacting to Athletes with Injuries

Psychological Factors in the Rehabilitation Process

Mental Training Techniques

Mental Disorders

Summary

Websites

Chapter 12: On-the-Field Acute Care and Emergency Procedures

The Emergency Action Plan

Principles of On-the-Field Injury Assessment

The Primary Survey

The Secondary Survey

Moving and Transporting the Injured Patient

Emergency Emotional Care

Proper Fit and Use of the Crutch or Cane

Summary

Websites

Chapter 13: Off-the-Field Injury Evaluation

Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis

Basic Knowledge Requirements

Progress Evaluations

Documenting Injury Evaluation Information

SOAP Notes

Additional Diagnostic Tests Used by a Physician

Ergonomic Risk Assessment

Summary

Websites

Chapter 14: Infectious Diseases, Bloodborne Pathogens, and Universal Precautions

Infectious Diseases

Bloodborne Pathogens

Universal Precautions in an Athletic Environment

Summary

Websites

Chapter 15: Using Therapeutic Modalities

Legal Concerns

Classification of Therapeutic Modalities

Thermal Conductive Energy Modalities

Acoustic Modalities

Mechanical Modalities

Modalities Not Commonly Used by Athletic Trainers

Recording Therapeutic Modality Treatments

Safety in Using Therapeutic Modalities

Evidence-Based Data Regarding Therapeutic Modality Use

Summary

Websites

Chapter 16: Using Therapeutic Exercise in Rehabilitation

The Athletic Trainer’s Approach to Rehabilitation

Therapeutic Exercise versus Conditioning Exercise

Sudden Physical Inactivity and Injury Immobilization

Major Components of a Rehabilitation Program

Developing a Rehabilitation Plan

Additional Approaches to Therapeutic Exercise in Rehabilitation

Purchasing and Maintaining Therapeutic Exercise Equipment

Summary

Websites

Chapter 17: Pharmacology, Drugs, and Sports

What is a Drug?

Pharmacokinetics

Legal Concerns in Administering versus Dispensing Drugs

Selected Therapeutic Drugs

Drugs that can Increase the Rate of Heat Illness

Protocols for Using Over-the-Counter Medications

Substance Abuse Among Athletes

Drug Testing in Athletes

Summary

Websites

PART V: Musculoskeletal Conditions

Chapter 18: The Foot

Foot Anatomy

Functional Anatomy and Foot Biomechanics

Prevention of Foot Injuries

Foot Assessment

Recognition and Management of Specific

Injuries

Foot Rehabilitation

Summary

Websites

Chapter 19: The Ankle and Lower Leg

Anatomy of the Lower Leg and Ankle

Functional Anatomy

Preventing Injury to the Lower Leg and Ankle

Assessing the Lower Leg and Ankle

Recognition of Specific Injuries

Rehabilitation Techniques for the Lower Leg and Ankle

Summary

Websites

Chapter 20: The Knee and Related Structures

Anatomy of the Lower Leg and Ankle

Functional Anatomy

Preventing Injury to the Lower Leg and Ankle

Assessing the Lower Leg and Ankle

Recognition of Specific Injuries

Rehabilitation Techniques for the Lower Leg and Ankle

Summary

Websites

Chapter 21: The Thigh, Hip, Groin, and Pelvis

Anatomy of the Thigh

Functional Anatomy of the Thigh

Assessment of the Thigh

Prevention of Injuries to the Thigh, Hip, Groin, and Pelvic Region

Recognition and Management of Thigh Injuries

Anatomy of the Hip, Groin, and Pelvic Region

Functional Anatomy of the Hip, Groin, and Pelvic Region

Assessment of the Hip, Groin, and Pelvis

Recognition and Management of Specific Hip, Groin, and Pelvic Injuries

Thigh and Hip Rehabilitation Techniques

Summary

Websites

Chapter 22: The Shoulder Complex

Anatomy of the Shoulder

Functional Anatomy

Prevention of Shoulder Injuries

Assessment of the Shoulder Complex

Recognition and Management of Specific Injuries

Throwing Mechanics

Rehabilitation of the Shoulder Complex

Summary

Websites

Chapter 23: The Elbow

Anatomy of the Elbow Joint

Functional Anatomy

Assessment of the Elbow

Recognition and Management of Injuries to the Elbow

Rehabilitation of the Elbow

Summary

Websites

Chapter 24: The Forearm, Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

Anatomy of the Forearm

Assessment of the Forearm

Recognition and Management of Injuries to the Forearm

Anatomy of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

Assessment of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

Recognition and Management of Injuries to the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

Rehabilitation of Injuries to the Forearm, Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

Summary

Websites

Chapter 25: The Spine

Anatomy of the Spine

Functional Anatomy

Prevention of Injuries to the Spine

Assessment of the Spine

Recognition and Management of Specific Injuries and Conditions

Rehabilitation Techniques for the Neck

Rehabilitation Techniques for the Low Back

Summary

Websites

PART VI: General Medical Conditions

Chapter 26: The Head, Face, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat

Prevention of Injuries to the Head, Face, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat

The Head

The Face

Dental Injuries

Nasal Injuries

Ear Injuries

Eye Injuries

Throat Injuries

Summary

Websites

Chapter 27: The Thorax and Abdomen

Anatomy of the Thorax

Anatomy of the Abdomen

Prevention of Injuries to the Thorax and Abdomen

Assessment of the Thorax and Abdomen

Recognition and Management of Specific Injuries and Conditions of the Thoracic Region

Recognition and Management of Specific Injuries and Conditions of the Abdomen

Injuries and Conditions Related to the Digestive System

Summary

Websites

Chapter 28: Skin Disorders

Skin Anatomy and Function

Skin Lesions Defined

Skin Trauma

Bacterial Infections

Fungal Infections

Viral Infections

Allergic, Thermal, and Chemical Skin Reactions

Infestation and Bites

Other Skin Conditions

Summary

Websites

Chapter 29: Additional General Medical Conditions

The Role of the Immune System

Viral Infections

Respiratory Conditions

Muscular System Disorders

Nervous System Disorders

Blood and Lymph Disorders

Endocrine System Disorders

Seizure Disorders

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Cancer

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Menstrual Irregularities and the Female Reproductive System

Summary

Websites

Appendix A: Addresses of Professional Sports Medicine Organizations

Appendix B: NATA Position, Official, Consensus, and Support Statements

Appendix C: Sports Medicine–Related Journals

Appendix D: Sample Resume

Appendix E: NATA Code of Ethics

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