Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Third Edition, Revised and Expanded

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ISBN: 9780824793975 | 0824793978
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/18/1997

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This work aims to familiarize students with the fundamentals of colloid and surface science, from various types of colloids and colloidal phenomena, and classical and modern characterization/measurement techniques to applications of colloids and surface science in engineering, technology, chemistry, physics and biological and medical sciences. The Journal of Textile Studies proclaims "High praise from peers . . .contains valuable information on many topics of interest to food rheologists and polymer scientists â€¦[The book] should be in the libraries of academic and industrial food research organizations" and Chromatographia describes the book as "â€¦an excellent textbook, excellently organised, clearly written and well laid out."

Preface to the Third Edition

iii

(4)

Acknowledgments

vii

(2)

Preface to the Second Edition

(2)

Preface to the First Edition

1. colloid and Surface Chemistry: Scope and Variables

(61)

1.1 Introduction

(5)

1.2 The Importance of the Surface for Small Particles

(4)

1.3 Classification of Colloids Based on Affinity to Carrier Fluid

(4)

1.4 Concept of Stability of Colloidal Systems

(5)

1.5 Some Physical Characteristics of Colloids

(19)

1.6 Some Classical and Emerging Experimental Tools

(18)

1.7 An Overview of the Book

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

References

(2)

Problems

(3)

2. Sedimentation and Diffusion and Their Equilibrium

(43)

2.1 Introduction

(3)

2.2 Sedimentation: Some Basic Considerations

(2)

2.3 Gravitational Sedimentation

(7)

2.4 Centrifugal Sedimentation

(4)

2.5 Diffusion

(7)

2.6 Brownian Motion and Diffusion

(9)

2.7 The Random Coil and Random Walk Statistics

(4)

2.8 Equilibrium Between Sedimentation and Diffusion

(3)

Review Questions

101

(1)

References

101

(1)

Problems

102

(3)

3. Solution Thermodynamis: Osmotic and Donnan Equilibria

105

(40)

3.1 Introduction

105

(3)

3.2 Osmotic Pressure: Thermodynamic Foundations

108

(6)

3.3 Osmometry: Some Applications

114

(6)

3.4 Statistical Foundations of Solution Thermodynamic

120

(12)

3.5 Osmoticc Equilibrium in Charged Systems

132

(7)

3.6 Some Applications of Osmotic Phenomena

139

(1)

Review Questions

140

(1)

References

141

(1)

Problems

142

(3)

4. The Rheology of Dispersions

145

(48)

4.1 Introduction

145

(3)

4.2 Newton's Law of Viscosity

148

(2)

4.3 Concentric-Cylinder and Cone-and Plate Viscometers

150

(4)

4.4 The Poiseuille Equation and Capillary Viscometers

154

(4)

4.5 The Equation of Motion: The Navier-Stokes Equation

158

(3)

4.6 Einstein's Theory of Viscosity of Dispersions

161

(7)

4.7 Deviations from the Einstein Model

168

(6)

4.8 Non-Newtonian Behavior

174

(7)

4.9 Viscosity of Polymer Solutions

181

(7)

Review Questions

188

(1)

References

188

(1)

Problems

189

(4)

5. Static and Dynamic Light Scattering and Other Radiation Scattering

193

(55)

5.1 Introduction

193

(3)

5.2 Interaction of Radiation with Matter

196

(6)

5.3 Scattering by Small Particles: Theory of Rayleigh Scattering

202

(5)

5.4 Experimental Aspects of Light Scattering

207

(6)

5.5 Extension to Larger Particles and to Intraparticle Interference Effects

213

(10)

5.6 Interference Effects and Structure of Particles

223

(6)

5.7 Scattering by Large, Absorbing Particles

229

(7)

5.8 Dynamic Light Scattering

236

(6)

Review Questions

242

(1)

References

242

(1)

Problems

244

(4)

6. Surface Tension and Contact Angle: Application to pure Substances

248

(49)

6.1 Introduction

248

(3)

6.2 Surface Tension and Contact Angle: A First Look

251

(4)

6.3 Thermodynamics of Surfaces: Surface Tension as Surface Free Energy

255

(2)

6.4 Surface Tension: Implications for Curved Interfaces and Capillarity

257

(4)

6.5 Effects of Curved Interfaces on Phase Equilibria and Nucleation: The Kelvin Equation

261

(4)

6.6 Surface Tension and Contact Angle: Their Relation to Wetting and Spreading Phenomena

265

(7)

6.7 Contact Angles: Some Complications

272

(4)

6.8 Measuring Surface Tension and Contact Angle: Round Two

272

(4)

6.9 Contact of Liquids with Porous Solids and Powders

276

(7)

6.10 Molecular Interpretation of Surface Tension

283

(3)

Review Questions

286

(5)

References

291

(2)

Problems

293

(4)

7. Adsorption from Solution and Monolayer Formation

297

(58)

7.1 Introduction

297

(3)

7.2 Insoluble Monolayers: Spreading of Surfactants on Aqueous Surfaces

300

(4)

7.3 Experimental Measurement of Film Pressure

304

(4)

7.4 Results of Film Balance Studies

308

(10)

7.5 Viscous Behavior of Two-Dimensional Phases

318

(2)

7.6 Applications of Monolayers Concepts

320

(3)

7.7 Adsorption from Solution: Thermodynamics

323

(4)

7.8 The Gibbs Equation: Experimental Results

327

(4)

7.9 Adsorption on Solid Surfaces

331

(3)

7.10 Applications of Adsorption from Solution

338

(5)

7.11 Adsorption in the Presence of an Applied Potential

343

(5)

Review Questions

348

(1)

Rerferences

348

(1)

Problems

349

(6)

8. Colloidal Structures in Surfactant Solutions: Association Colloids

355

(50)

8.1 Introduction

355

(2)

8.2 Surfactants in Solution: Experimental Observations and Models

357

(5)

8.3 Structure of Micelles

362

(5)

8.4 Molecular Architecture of Surfactants, Packing Considertions, and Shapes of Micelles

367

(3)

8.5 Critical Micelle Concentration and the Thermodynamics of Micellization

370

(5)

8.6 Solubilization

375

(5)

8.7 Catalysis by Micelles

380

(6)

8.8 Reverse Micelles

386

(3)

8.9 Emulsions and Microemulsions

389

(3)

8.10 Some Applications of Microemulsions

392

(3)

8.11 Biological Membranes

395

(3)

Review Questions

398

(1)

References

399

(1)

Problems

399

(6)

9. Adsorption at Gas-Solid Interfaces

405

(57)

9.1 Introduction

405

(4)

9.2 Experimental and Theoretical Treatments of Adsorption: An Overview

409

(4)

9.3 Thermodynamics of Adsorption: Phenomenological Perspective

413

(6)

9.4 Thermodynamics of Adsorption: A Statistical Perspective

419

(6)

9.5 Multilayer Adsorption: The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Equation

425

(8)

9.6 Energetics of Adsorption

433

(3)

9.7 Adsorption in Porous Solids

436

(3)

9.8 Adsorption on Crystal Surfaces

439

(12)

9.9 Metal Surfaces and Heterogeneous Catalysis

451

(4)

Review Questions

455

(1)

References

456

(1)

Problems

456

(6)

10. van der Waals Forces

462

(37)

10.1 Introduction

462

(2)

10.2 van der Waals Forces and Their Importance in Colloid and Surface Chemistry

464

(3)

10.3 Molecular Interactions and Power Laws

467

(4)

10.4 Molecular Origians and the Macroscopic Implication of van der Waals Forces

471

(8)

10.5 van der Waals Forces Between Large Particles and Over Large Distances

479

(4)

10.6 Calculating van der Waals Forces Between Macroscopic Bodies

483

(3)

10.7 Theories of van der Waals Forces Based on Bulk Properties

486

(4)

10.8 Effect of the Medium on the van der Waals Attraction

490

(5)

Review Questions

495

(1)

References

495

(1)

Problems

496

(3)

11. The Electrical Double Layer and Double-Layer Interactions

499

(35)

11.1 Introduction

499

(3)

11.2 Surface Charges and Electrical Double Layer: Background

502

(2)

11.3 The Capacitor Model of the Double Layer

504

(4)

11.4 The Diffuse Double Layer: The Debye-Huckel Approximation

508

(4)

11.5 The Debye-Huckel Approximation: Results

512

(4)

11.6 The Electrical Double Layer: Gouy-Chapman Theory

516

(4)

11.7 Overlapping Double Layers and Interparticle Repulsion

520

(7)

11.8 "Not-Quite-Indifferent" Electrolytes: Stern Adsorption

527

(3)

Review Questions

530

(1)

References

530

(1)

Problems

531

(3)

12. Electrophoresis and Other Electrokinetic Phenomena

534

(41)

12.1 Introduction

534

(2)

12.2 Mobilities of Small Ions and Macroions Electric Fields: A Comparison

536

(2)

12.3 Zeta Potential: Thick Electrical Double Layers

538

(6)

Zeta Potential: Thin Electrical Double Layers

544

(2)

12.5 Zeta Potential General Theory for Spherical Particles

546

(4)

12.6 Electroosmosis

550

(3)

12.7 Streaming Potential

553

(2)

12.8 The Surface of Shear and Viscoelectric Effect

555

(4)

12.9 Experimental Aspects of Electrophoresis

559

(6)

12.10 Determining the Surface Change from Electrokinetic Measurments

565

(2)

12.11 Applications of Electrokinetic Phenomena

567

(3)

Review Questions

570

(1)

References

570

(1)

Problems

571

(4)

13. Electrostatic and Polymer-Induced Colloid Stability

575

(50)

13.1 Introduction

575

(3)

13.2 Interparticle Forces and the Structure and Stability of Dispersions

578

(7)

13.3 The Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek Theory of Colloid Stability

585

(7)

13.4 Theory of Coagulation in Dilute Dispersions

592

(12)

13.5 Polymer-Colloid Mixtures: A Phenomenological Perspective

604

(6)

13.6 Polymer-Induced Forces

610

(4)

13.7 Steric Stabilization: A Model for the Initial Encounter

614

(5)

Review Questions

619

(1)

References

620

(1)

Problems

621

(4)

Appendix A: Examples of Expansions Encountered in This Book

625

(1)

Reference

625

(1)

Appendix B: Units: CSS-SI Interconversions

626

(1)

Reference

626

(6)

Appendix C: Statistics of Discrete and Continuous Distributions of Data

631

(7)

C.1 Introduction

631

(1)

C.2 Discrete Distributions

631

(3)

C.3 Theoretical Distributions Functions

634

(1)

References

637

(1)

Appendix D: List Worked-Out Examples

638

(3)

Index

641

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Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Third Edition, Revised and Expanded

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