Principles of Combustion

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780471046899 | 0471046892
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/28/2005

Rent

(Recommended)

$129.90

Term

Due

Price

Semester

Dec 12

$136.74

Quarter

Aug 13

$129.90

Short Term

Jul 30

$123.06

*This item is part of an exclusive publisher rental program and requires an additional convenience fee. This fee will be reflected in the shopping bag.
Buy New

Currently Available, Usually Ships in 24-48 Hours

$175.06

Principles of Combustion, Second Edition is a revision of what was the leading book on combustion engineering. The new edition has been revised to include new theoretical results and measurement techniques of non-intrusive diagnostic methods, contains more material on chemical kinetics during ignition; and is expanded to provide more in-depth treatment of sensitivity analysis and methods for identifying controlling chemical mechanisms. Expanded coverage is combined with the latest results regarding turbulent activity during combustion and the chemical kinetics of flames.

Preface

xxi

Preface to the First Edition

xxv

Introduction

(10)

Importance of Combustion in Various Applications

(2)

Related Constituent Disciplines for Combustion Studies

(1)

General Method of Approach to Combustion Problems

(1)

General Objectives of Combustion Modeling

(1)

Classification of Combustion Problems

(2)

General Structure of a Theoretical Model

(2)

Governing Equations for Combustion Modeling (Conservation and Transport Equations)

(1)

Some Common Assumptions Made in Combustion Models (Especially for Classical Models)

(2)

Several Basic Definitions

(3)

1 Review of Chemical Thermodynamics

(105)

Nomenclature

(36)

1 Brief Statement of Thermodynamic Laws

(2)

2 Equation of State

(1)

3 Conservation of Mass

(2)

4 The First Law of Thermodynamics; Conservation of Energy

(4)

5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics

(10)

5.1 Equilibrium Thermodynamics

(2)

5.2 Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics

(8)

6 Criteria for Equilibrium

(2)

7 Conservation of Atomic Species

(2)

8 Various Methods for Reactant-Fraction Specification

(5)

8.1 Mole Fraction X and Mass Fraction Y

(1)

8.2 Fuel-Oxidant Ratio F/O and Fuel-Air Ratio F/A

(1)

8.3 Equivalence Ratio θ

(1)

8.4 Mixture Fraction f

(3)

9 Standard Enthalpies of Formation

(4)

10 Thermochemical Laws

(1)

11 Relationship Between Bond Energies and Heats of Formation

(4)

12 Heats of Reaction for Constant-Pressure and Constant-Volume Combustion

(16)

12.1 Constant-Pressure Combustion

(13)

12.2 Constant-Volume Combustion

(2)

13 Energy Balance Considerations for Flame Temperature Calculations

(5)

14 Equilibrium Constants

(17)

15 Real-Gas Equations of State and Fugacity Calculation

(3)

16 More-Complicated Dissociation in the Combustion of Hydrocarbons

(3)

17 The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation for Phase Equilibrium

(2)

18 Calculation of Equilibrium Compositions with NASA's CEA Computer Program

(9)

18.1 Assumptions and Capabilities

101

(2)

18.2 Equations Describing Chemical Equilibrium

103

(15)

18.2.1 Thermodynamic Equations

103

(1)

18.2.2 Minimization of Gibbs Free Energy

104

(3)

19 Other Well-Established Chemical Equilibrium Codes

107

(2)

References

109

(1)

Homework

110

(4)

Projects

114

(2)

2 Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms

116

(169)

Nomenclature

116

(79)

1 Rates of Reaction and Their Functional Dependence

118

(23)

1.1 Total Collision Frequency

119

(3)

1.2 Equation of Arrhenius

122

(3)

1.3 Apparent Activation Energy

125

(1)

1.4 Rates of Reaction

126

(5)

1.5 Methods for Measurement of Gas-Phase Reaction Rates

131

(10)

1.5.1 Static Methods

132

(1)

1.5.1.1 Flash Photolysis Resonance Fluorescence Technique

133

(1)

1.5.1.2 Relative Rate-Constant Photolysis Technique

134

(1)

1.5.1.3 Laser Photolysis/Laser Induced Fluorescence Technique

135

(1)

1.5.2 Dynamic Methods for Reactions in Flow Systems

136

(1)

1.5.3 Several Methods for Measuring Rapid Reaction Rates

137

(4)

2 One-Step Chemical Reactions of Various Orders

141

(7)

2.1 First-Order Reactions

141

(3)

2.2 Second-Order Reactions

144

(3)

2.3 Third-Order Reactions

147

(1)

3 Consecutive Reactions

148

(2)

4 Competitive Reactions

150

(1)

5 Opposing Reactions

150

(4)

5.1 First-Order Reaction Opposed by a First-Order Reaction

151

(2)

5.2 First-Order Reaction Opposed by a Second-Order Reaction

153

(1)

5.3 Second-Order Reaction Opposed by a Second-Order Reaction

153

(1)

6 Chain Reactions

154

(8)

6.1 Free Radicals

154

(2)

6.2 Lindemann's Theory for First-Order Reaction

156

(3)

6.3 Complex Reactions

159

(5)

6.3.1 Hydrogen-Bromine Reaction

159

(3)

7 Chain-Branching Explosions

162

(2)

8 Chemkin Analysis and Code Application for Gas-Phase Kinetics

164

(9)

8.1 Thermodynamic Properties

165

(1)

8.2 Reaction Rate Expressions

166

(3)

8.3 Brief Description of Procedures in Using Chemkin Code

169

(4)

9 Surface Reactions

173

(112)

9.1 Surface Adsorption Processes

174

(4)

9.1.1 The Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm

176

(1)

9.1.2 Adsorption with Dissociation

177

(1)

9.1.3 Competitive Adsorption

178

(1)

9.2 Surface Reaction Processes

178

(5)

9.2.1 Reaction Mechanism

178

(2)

9.2.2 Unimolecular Surface Reactions

180

(1)

9.2.3 Bimolecular Surface Reactions

181

(1)

9.2.4 Desorption

182

(1)

9.3 Kinetic Model of Hydrogen-Oxygen Reaction on Platinum Surface

183

(4)

9.3.1 Simple Kinetic Model of H2/O2 Reaction on Platinum Surface

184

(2)

9.3.2 Kinetic Rates of H2/O2 Reaction on Platinum Surface

186

(1)

9.4 Experimental Methods to Study Surface Reactions

187

(3)

9.4.1 Spectroscopic Methods

187

(1)

9.4.1.1 Auger Electron Spectroscopy

187

(2)

9.4.2 Temperature-Controlled Methods

189

(1)

9.4.3 Combination of Spectroscopic and Temperature-Controlled Methods

190

(1)

9.5 Surface Reaction Rate Determination

190

(7)

9.5.1 An Example of Application of LIF Technique in Surface Reaction Rate Determination

191

(1)

9.5.1.1 The Elementary Steps

192

(1)

9.5.1.2 Experimental Setup

193

(1)

9.5.1.3 Experimental Results

193

(2)

10 Rate Laws for Isothermal Reactions Utilizing Dimensionless Parameters

195

(4)

10.1 Equilibrium Constants

197

(2)

10.2 Net Rate of Production of Chemical Species

199

(1)

11 Procedure and Applications of Sensitivity Analysis

199

(12)

11.1 Introduction to Sensitivity Analysis

200

(5)

11.2 The Procedure for Local Sensitivity Analysis

205

(5)

11.2.1 Time-Dependent Zero-Dimensional Problems

205

(3)

11.2.2 The Procedure for Steady-State One-Dimensional Problems

208

(1)

11.2.3 The Procedure for Time-Dependent Spatial Problems

209

(1)

11.3 The Example of Sensitivity Analysis of Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Combustion

210

(6)

11.3.1 Local Sensitivity Analysis in One-Dimensional Flame Fronts

210

(1)

11.3.2 Sensitivity Analysis for Zero-Dimensional Problems

210

(1)

12 Reaction Flow Analysis

211

(4)

13 Reaction Mechanisms of H2/O2 Systems

215

(8)

13.1 Background Information about H2/O2 Reaction Systems

216

(4)

13.2 Explosion Limits of H2/O2 Systems

220

(3)

14 Gas-Phase Reaction Mechanisms of Aliphatic Hydrocarbon and Oxygen System

223

(22)

14.1 Specific Mechanisms

224

(1)

14.1.1 Gas-Phase Kinetics of H2 Oxidation

225

(7)

14.1.2 O3 Decomposition Mechanism

232

(1)

14.1.3 CO Oxidation Mechanism

233

(1)

14.1.4 CH2O Reaction

233

(1)

14.1.5 CH4 Oxidation

234

(2)

14.1.6 C2H6 (Ethane) Oxidation

236

(1)

14.1.7 C2H4 (Ethylene) Oxidation

237

(1)

14.1.8 C2H2 (Acetylene) Oxidation

238

(2)

14.1.9 CH2CO (Ketene) Oxidation

240

(1)

14.1.10 CH3OH (Methanol) Reactions

241

(1)

14.1.11 C2H5OH (Ethanol) Reactions

242

(1)

14.1.12 CH3CHO (Acetaldehyde) Reaction

243

(1)

14.2 Discussion of More Complex Cases

244

(1)

15 Reduction of Highly Complex Reaction System to Simpler Reaction Mechanisms

245

(10)

15.1 Quasi-Steady-State Assumption (QSSA) and Partial Equilibrium Assumption

246

(1)

15.2 Computational Singular Perturbation Methods for Stiff Equations

247

(5)

15.2.1 Stiff Equations

248

(1)

15.2.2 Chemical Kinetic Systems as Stiff Equations

248

(1)

15.2.3 Formulation of the Problem

249

(1)

15.2.3.1 The Fast Subspace

249

(1)

15.2.3.2 The Equations for fI

250

(1)

15.2.3.3 Determination of m, the Choice of aI and bJ

251

(1)

15.2.4 Procedures for Solving the Chain Reaction Problems

252

(1)

15.3 Some Observations of the CSP Method

252

(3)

16 Formation Mechanism of Nitrogen Oxides

255

(15)

16.1 Thermal NO Mechanism (Zel'dovich Mechanism)

255

(3)

16.2 Prompt NO Mechanism (Fenimore Mechanism)

258

(4)

16.3 NO Production from Fuel-Bound Nitrogen

262

(5)

16.3.1 The Oxidation of HCN

262

(2)

16.3.2 The NO->HCN->N2 Mechanism

264

(1)

16.3.3 The Oxidation of NH3

265

(2)

16.4 NO2 Mechanism

267

(1)

16.5 N2O Mechanism

267

(2)

16.6 Overall Remarks on NOx Formation

269

(1)

17 Formation and Control of CO and Particulates

270

(15)

17.1 Carbon Monoxide

270

(1)

17.2 Particulate Matter

271

(3)

17.2.1 Major Types of Particulates

272

(1)

17.2.2 Harmful Effects

272

(1)

17.2.3 Particulate Matter Control Methods

272

(2)

References

274

(7)

Homework

281

(4)

3 The Conservation Equations for Multicomponent Reacting Systems

285

(69)

Nomenclature

285

(47)

1 Definitions of Concentrations, Velocities, and Mass Fluxes

287

(2)

2 Fick's Law of Diffusion

289

(1)

3 Theory of Ordinary Diffusion in Gases at Low Density

290

(3)

4 Continuity Equation and Species Mass Conservation Equations

293

(4)

5 Conservation of Momentum

297

(23)

5.1 Momentum Equation in Terms of Stress

297

(7)

5.1.1 Momentum Equation Derivation by Infinitesimal Particle Approach

298

(4)

5.1.2 Momentum Equation Derivation by Infinitesimal Control Volume Approach

302

(1)

5.1.3 Finite Control Volume

303

(1)

5.2 Stress-Strain Rate Relationship (Constitutive Relationship)

304

(6)

5.2.1 Strain Rate

305

(2)

5.2.2 Stress Tensor

307

(3)

5.3 Navier-Stokes Equations

310

(10)

6 Conservation of Energy

320

(8)

7 Physical Derivation of the Multicomponent Diffusion Equation

328

(3)

8 Other Necessary Equations in Multicomponent Systems

331

(1)

9 Solution of a Multicomponent-Species System

331

(1)

10 Shvab-Zel'dovich Formulation

332

(4)

11 Dimensionless Ratios of Transport Coefficients

336

(1)

12 Boundary Conditions at an Interface

337

(13)

References

350

(1)

Homework

350

(3)

Projects

353

(1)

4 Detonation and Deflagration Waves of Premixed Gases

354

(83)

Nomenclature

354

(2)

1 Qualitative Differences Between Detonation and Deflagration

356

(1)

2 The Hugoniot Curve

357

(4)

3 Properties of the Hugoniot Curve

361

(12)

3.1 Entropy Distribution along the Hugoniot Curve

365

(2)

3.2 Comparison of the Burned-Gas Velocity Behind a Detonation Wave with the Local Speed of Sound

367

(6)

4 Determination of Chapman-Jouguet Detonation Wave Velocity

373

(8)

4.1 Trial-and-Error Method

373

(2)

4.2 The Newton-Raphson Iteration Method

375

(4)

4.3 Comparison of Calculated Detonation-Wave Velocities with Experimental Data

379

(2)

5 Detonation-Wave Structure

381

(7)

5.1 Zel'dovich-von Neumann-Doring (ZND) One-Dimensional Wave Structure

381

(3)

5.2 Multidimensional Detonation-Wave Structure

384

(2)

5.3 Numerical Simulation of Detonations

386

(2)

6 The Mechanism of Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition (DDT) in Gaseous Mixtures

388

(7)

7 Detonability and Chemical Kinetics: Limits of Detonability

395

(18)

7.1 Classical Model of Belles

395

(6)

7.2 Detonability Limits of Confined Fuel Mixtures

401

(4)

7.2.1 Initial Condition Dependence

402

(1)

7.2.2 Boundary Condition Dependence

402

(1)

7.2.3 Single-Head Spin Detonation

403

(2)

7.3 Detonability Criteria and Detonation Cell Size

405

(5)

7.4 Chemical Kinetics of Detonation in H2-Air-Diluent Mixtures

410

(3)

8 Nonideal Detonations

413

(9)

8.1 Definition of Nonideal Detonation and Zel'dovich and Shchelkin' s Detonation Mechanisms in Rough Tubes

414

(1)

8.2 Theoretical Considerations of Energy and Momentum Losses

415

(1)

8.3 Critical Pipe Diameter Consideration

416

(3)

8.4 Effect of Several Physical and Chemical Parameters on Detonability

419

(1)

8.5 Possible Measures for Reducing Potential of Detonation Wave Generation

420

(2)

9 Consideration of Spontaneous Detonation Initiation

422

(6)

9.1 Functional Form of Distribution of Ignition Delay

424

(1)

9.2 Experimental Verification of Processes of Nonexplosive Detonation Initiation

425

(3)

9.2.1 Photochemical Initiation of Detonation in Mixtures with Nonuniform Concentration

425

(1)

9.2.2 Gasdynamic Jet as a Method of Creating Temperature-Concentration Nonuniformity

426

(2)

9.3 General Observation and Status of Understanding

428

(1)

References

428

(6)

Homework

434

(1)

Project

435

(2)

5 Premixed Laminar Flames

437

(100)

Nomenclature

437

(1)

1 Introduction and Flame Speed Measurement Methods

438

(11)

1.1 Bunsen Burner Method

438

(4)

1.2 Constant-Volume Spherical Bomb Method

442

(1)

1.3 Soap-Bubble (Constant-Pressure Bomb) Method

443

(2)

1.4 Particle-Track Method

445

(1)

1.5 Flat-Flame Burner Method

445

(2)

1.6 Diagnostic Method for Flame Structure Measurements

447

(2)

1.6.1 Velocity Measurements

448

(1)

1.6.2 Density Measurements

448

(1)

1.6.3 Concentration Measurements

448

(1)

1.6.4 Temperature Measurements

448

(1)

2 Classical Laminar-Flame Theories

449

(12)

2.1 Thermal Theory: Mallard and LeChatelier's Development (1883)

449

(2)

2.2 Comprehensive Theory: The Theory of Zel'dovich, Frank-Kamenetsky, and Semenov

451

(7)

2.3 Diffusion Theory: The Theory of Tanford and Pease

458

(3)

3 Contemporary Method for Solving Laminar-Flame Problems

461

(10)

3.1 Premixed O3/O2 Laminar Flames

461

(7)

3.2 Chemkin Code for Solving Premixed Laminar-Flame Structures

468

(3)

4 Dynamic Analysis of Stretched Laminar Premix Flames

471

(25)

4.1 Definition of Flame Stretch Factor and Karlovitz Number

471

(5)

4.2 Balance Equation for Premixed Laminar-Flame Area

476

(1)

4.3 The Use of Expanding Spherical Flames to Determine Burning Velocities and Stretch Effects in Hydrogen Air Mixtures

477

(7)

4.4 Laminar Burning Velocities and Markstein Numbers of Hydrocarbon Air Flames

484

(6)

4.5 Burning Rates of Ultra-Lean to Moderately Rich H2/O2/N2 Laminar Flames with Pressure Variations

490

(6)

5 Effect of Chemical and Physical Variables on Flame Speed

496

(7)

5.1 Chemical Variables

496

(4)

5.1.1 Effect of Mixture Ratio

496

(1)

5.1.2 Effect of Fuel Molecular Structure

497

(2)

5.1.3 Effects of Additives

499

(1)

5.2 Physical Variables

500

(10)

5.2.1 Effect of Pressure

500

(1)

5.2.2 Effect of Initial Temperature

501

(1)

5.2.3 Effect of Flame Temperature

502

(1)

5.2.4 Effect of Thermal Diffusivity and Specific Heat

502

(1)

6 Principle of Stabilization of Combustion Waves in Laminar Streams

503

(4)

7 Flame Quenching

507

(3)

8 Flammability Limits of Premixed Laminar Flames

510

(18)

8.1 Flammability Limits Determined from a Standard Glass Tube

510

(2)

8.2 Effect of Pressure and Temperature on Flammability Limits

512

(1)

8.3 Spalding's Theory of Flammability Limits and Flame Quenching

513

(10)

8.4 Flame Structure near the Flammability Limits of Premixed Hydrogen-Oxygen Flames

523

(5)

References

528

(5)

Homework

533

(2)

Project

535

(2)

6 Gaseous Diffusion Flames and Combustion of a Single Liquid Fuel Droplet

537

(86)

Nomenclature

537

(2)

1 Burke and Schumann's Theory of Laminar Diffusion Flames

539

(9)

1.1 Basic Assumptions and Solution Method

544

(2)

1.2 Flame Shape and Flame Height

546

(2)

2 Phenomenological Analysis of Fuel Jets

548

(3)

3 Laminar Diffusion Flame Jets

551

(18)

3.1 Laminar Jet Mixing

551

(6)

3.2 Laminar Jet with Chemical Reactions

557

(4)

3.3 Numerical Solution of Two-Dimensional Axisymmetric Laminar Diffusion Flames

561

(5)

3.4 Effect of Preferential Diffusion of Species and Heat in Laminar Diffusion Flames

566

(3)

4 Evaporation and Burning of a Single Droplet in a Quiescent Atmosphere

569

(12)

4.1 Evaporation of a Single Fuel Droplet

572

(6)

4.2 Mass Burning Rate of a Single Fuel Droplet

578

(3)

5 Fuel Droplet in a Convective Stream

581

(9)

5.1 Correlation Development for Nearly Spherical Droplets in Convective Streams

581

(2)

5.2 Simulation of Deformed Droplet Dynamics

583

(2)

5.3 Effect of Internal Circulation on Droplet Vaporization Rate

585

(5)

6 Supercritical Burning of Liquid Droplets in a Stagnant Environment

590

(24)

6.1 Thermodynamic and Transport Properties

593

(5)

6.1.1 Extended Corresponding-State Principle

594

(1)

6.1.2 Equation of State

595

(1)

6.1.3 Thermodynamic Properties

596

(1)

6.1.4 Transport Properties

597

(1)

6.2 Vapor-Liquid Phase Equilibrium

598

(5)

6.3 Droplet Vaporization in Quiescent Environments

603

(3)

6.4 Droplet Combustion in Quiescent Environments

606

(4)

6.5 Droplet Vaporization in Supercritical Convective Environments

610

(3)

6.6 Droplet Response to Ambient Flow Oscillation

613

(1)

References

614

(4)

Homework

618

(2)

Projects

620

(3)

Appendix A Evaluation of Thermal and Transport Properties of Gases and Liquids

623

(70)

Nomenclature

623

(2)

Introduction

625

(59)

1 Gas Density

625

(8)

1.1 Baseline Method

627

(1)

Ideal-Gas Equation of State

627

(1)

1.2 High-Pressure Correction

628

(3)

Van der Waals Equation of State

628

(1)

Redlich-Kwong Equation of State

628

(1)

Soave (SRK) and Peng-Robinson Equations of State

628

(1)

Virial Equation of State

629

(1)

Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State

630

(1)

Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) Equation of State

630

(1)

1.3 Mixing Rules

631

(2)

Ideal-Gas Mixing Rules

631

(1)

Mixing Rules for Redlich-Kwong Type of Equation of State

631

(1)

Benedict-Webb-Rubin Mixing Rules

632

(1)

Virial Equation Mixing Parameters

632

(1)

2 Liquid Density

633

(8)

2.1 Baseline Method

633

(2)

Spencer-Danner Correlation and Other Modifications

633

(1)

COSTALD (Hankinson-Thomson Correlation)

634

(1)

2.2 High-Pressure Correction

635

(3)

Hankinson-Brobst-Thomson (HBT) Model

635

(1)

Generalized COSTALD

636

(1)

Chang-Zhao Equation

636

(1)

Model of Aalto et al.

637

(1)

2.3 Mixing Rules

638

(3)

Mixing Rules for Critical Temperature of Liquid Mixtures

638

(1)

Mixing Rules for Critical Volume Vc,m and Characteristic Volume Vm*

639

(1)

Mixing Rule for Acentric Factor

639

(1)

Estimation of the Critical Pressure for a Mixture

640

(1)

3 Gas Specific Heat

641

(10)

3.1 Baseline Method

641

(4)

Evaluation of Ideal-Gas Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure, J (mol . K)

642

(1)

Joback Method¹

642

(2)

Method of Thinh et al. 26

644

(1)

3.2 High-Pressure Correction

645

(5)

3.3 Mixing Rules

650

(1)

4 Liquid Specific Heat

651

(3)

4.1 Baseline Method

651

(3)

Group Contribution Method

651

(3)

Corresponding States Method

654

(1)

4.2 High-Pressure Correction

654

(1)

4.3 Mixing Rule for Liquid Mixtures

654

(1)

5 Gas Viscosity

654

(7)

5.1 Baseline Method

655

(3)

Chapman-Enskog Approach

655

(2)

Method of Corresponding States

657

(1)

5.2 High-Pressure Correction

658

(2)

Reichenberg Method

658

(1)

Lucas Method

659

(1)

5.3 Mixing Rules

660

(1)

6 Liquid Viscosity

661

(10)

6.1 Baseline Method

661

(7)

Correlating Equations

662

(2)

Low-Temperature Viscosity Estimation Methods

664

(1)

Van Velzen, Cardozo, and Langenkamp's Group Contribution Method62

665

(1)

Orrick and Erbar's Group Contribution Method¹

665

(1)

Przezdziecki and Sridhar's Corresponding States Method 63

666

(1)

High-Temperature Liquid Viscosity Estimation Methods

667

(1)

Letsou and Stiel's Method for Saturated Liquids67

667

(1)

Brule and Starling's68 and Chung et al.'s69 Method

667

(1)

6.2 High-Pressure Correction

668

(1)

Lucas's Estimation Method48

668

(1)

6.3 Mixing Rules

669

(2)

Grunberg and Nissan's Method71

669

(1)

Teja and Rice's Method74

670

(1)

7 Gas Thermal Conductivity

671

(3)

7.1 Baseline Method

671

(1)

7.2 High-Pressure Correction

672

(1)

7.3 Mixing Rules

673

(1)

Gas Mixture at Low to Moderate Pressures

673

(1)

Gas Mixture at High Pressures

673

(1)

8 Liquid Thermal Conductivity

674

(4)

8.1 Baseline Method

674

(3)

Miller et al.'s Empirical Correlation86

674

(1)

Baroncini et al.'s Method

675

(2)

8.2 High-Pressure Correction

677

(1)

8.3 Mixing Rules

677

(1)

9 Gas Diffusivity

678

(6)

9.1 Baseline Method

678

(2)

Chapman and Enskog's Method43

678

(2)

Wilke and Lee's Method91

680

(1)

9.2 High-Pressure Correction

680

(3)

9.3 Mixing Rules

683

(1)

10 Liquid Diffusivity

684

(9)

10.1 Baseline Method

684

(3)

Wilke-Chang Correlation94

684

(1)

Tyn and Calus's Method95

685

(1)

Hayduk and Minhas's Method96

686

(1)

Tyn's Method for Higher Temperatures97

686

(1)

10.2 High-Pressure Correction

687

(1)

10.3 Mixing Rules

687

(1)

Perkins and Geankoplis's Method99

687

(1)

References

688

(5)

Appendix B Constants and Conversion Factors Often Used in Combustion

693

(4)

Appendix C Naming of Hydrocarbons and Properties of Hydrocarbon Fuels

697

(8)

Appendix D Melting, Boiling, and Critical Temperatures of Elements

705

(2)

Appendix E Periodic Table and Electronic Configurations of Neutral Atoms in Ground States

707

(4)

Reference

711

(2)

Author Index

713

(5)

Subject Index

718

Please wait while the item is added to your bag...

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Principles of Combustion

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Principles of Combustion

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Digital License