Principles of Criminal Procedure
, by Weaver, Russell L.; Abramson, Leslie W.; Burkoff, John M.; Hancock, Catherine- ISBN: 9780314190925 | 0314190929
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 4/30/2008
Introduction | |
Sources of Law That Create Legal Rights for Criminal Defendants and Regulate the Procedures of the Criminal Justice System | p. 2 |
Prosecution Systems | p. 4 |
Multiple Jurisdictions, Major and Minor Crimes | p. 4 |
The Gap Between Law and Practice | p. 5 |
The Roles of Prosecutors and Defense Counsel in Various Stages of a Criminal Prosecution | p. 6 |
The Pre-Arrest Investigation Stage | p. 6 |
The Arrest Stage | p. 7 |
The Booking and Jailing Stage | p. 8 |
The Post-Arrest Investigation Stage | p. 8 |
The Decision to Bring a Formal Charge by Filing a Complaint | p. 9 |
The Defendant's First Appearance in Court | p. 10 |
The Preliminary Hearing or Grand Jury Stage | p. 11 |
The Arraignment Stage | p. 12 |
The Pre-Trial Motions Stage | p. 13 |
The Trial Stage | p. 14 |
The Sentencing Stage | p. 14 |
The Appeal Stage | p. 15 |
The Post-Appeal Stage of "Post-Conviction" Remedies | p. 15 |
Incorporation & Retroactivity | |
Incorporation | p. 18 |
Fundamental Rights | p. 19 |
Total Incorporation & Total Incorporation Plus | p. 20 |
Selective Incorporation | p. 21 |
"Bag and Baggage" | p. 23 |
Retroactivity | p. 25 |
Case-by-Case Analysis | p. 25 |
Cases Pending & Not Yet Final | p. 27 |
Rejection of the "Clear Break" Exception | p. 28 |
"New Rules" | p. 29 |
Collateral Review | p. 30 |
Forbidden Punishment Exception | p. 30 |
Watershed Rules of Criminal Procedure Exception | p. 30 |
The Retroactivity Inquiry Process | p. 31 |
Right to Counsel | |
Scope of the Constitutional Right | p. 33 |
Appointed Counsel for Indigents | p. 33 |
Source of the Constitutional Right | p. 33 |
The Meaning & Consequences of "Indigency" | p. 34 |
Choice of Appointed Counsel | p. 34 |
When the Right Attaches | p. 35 |
"Day in Jail" Rule | p. 35 |
Retained Counsel | p. 36 |
Waiver of the Right to Counsel | p. 36 |
Knowing & Intelligent Waivers | p. 36 |
Representing Oneself | p. 38 |
Right to Proceed Pro Se | p. 38 |
Standby Counsel | p. 39 |
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel | p. 40 |
Extrinsic Ineffectiveness | p. 41 |
Actual Ineffectiveness | p. 43 |
The Performance Prong | p. 46 |
The Prejudice Prong | p. 51 |
Ineffective Assistance Analysis in Federal Habeas Corpus Proceedings | p. 54 |
When Ineffective Assistance Claims Can Be Brought | p. 56 |
Conflicts of Interest | p. 56 |
Constitutional Right | p. 56 |
Conflicts Raised Prior to or During Trial | p. 57 |
Conflicts Raised After Trial | p. 59 |
Waiver | p. 60 |
The Griffin-Douglas Doctrine | p. 60 |
Search and Seizure | |
Search Warrants | p. 64 |
The Significance of Using a Search Warrant | p. 64 |
Warrant History | p. 64 |
The "Warrant Preference" | p. 65 |
The "Warrant Requirement" | p. 66 |
Probable Cause | p. 67 |
Constitutional Requirement | p. 67 |
Probable Cause Test | p. 67 |
Informant Information & Probable Cause | p. 68 |
Informer's Privilege | p. 69 |
Staleness | p. 69 |
Anticipatory Warrants | p. 70 |
Obtaining Warrants | p. 71 |
Affidavits | p. 71 |
Challenging Affidavits | p. 71 |
Review of Probable-Cause Determinations | p. 72 |
Issuing Magistrates | p. 72 |
The Particularity Requirement | p. 73 |
Constitutional Requirement | p. 73 |
Particularity & Search Premises | p. 74 |
Particularity & Things to Be Seized | p. 75 |
Minor or Partial Errors Irrelevant | p. 75 |
"All Persons" Warrants | p. 76 |
Execution of Search Warrants | p. 77 |
Who May Execute? | p. 77 |
Time Limits | p. 77 |
Nighttime Searches | p. 78 |
Knock-and-Announce Doctrine | p. 78 |
Post-Execution Requirements | p. 82 |
Seizures Pursuant to Warrant | p. 82 |
What Can Be Seized? | p. 82 |
Where Can Seizures Be Made? | p. 83 |
Intensity of Search | p. 84 |
Property Damage or Destruction | p. 84 |
Duration of Search | p. 85 |
Persons & Their Property on or Near Search Premises | p. 85 |
Protected Fourth Amendment Interests | p. 87 |
Warrantless Searches and Seizures | p. 94 |
Plain View Exception | p. 95 |
Search Incident to Legal Arrest | p. 97 |
Booking Searches | p. 103 |
Automobile Exception | p. 105 |
Inventory Exception | p. 109 |
Consent | p. 112 |
Administrative Inspections | p. 120 |
Stop and Frisk | p. 126 |
Other Investigatory Searches and Seizures | p. 131 |
Investigatory Seizures of Property | p. 158 |
Exigent Circumstances | p. 161 |
Police Interrogations & Confessions | |
Pre-Miranda Doctrines | p. 176 |
Pre-Miranda Due Process | p. 177 |
The McNabb-Mallory Rule | p. 181 |
The Pre-Miranda Sixth Amendment Massiah Right to Counsel | p. 183 |
The Fifth Amendment and Miranda | p. 186 |
Miranda's Application | p. 190 |
Miranda Custody | p. 190 |
Miranda Interrogation | p. 194 |
Adequate Miranda Warnings | p. 199 |
Incomplete or Misleading Warnings | p. 199 |
Ineffective "Midstream" Warnings | p. 203 |
Waiver of Miranda Rights | p. 204 |
Invocation of Miranda Rights | p. 209 |
Uses of Miranda-Defective Evidence | p. 216 |
When Defective Evidence Leads Police to Other Evidence | p. 216 |
Impeachment Based on Defective Statements or Silence During Interrogation | p. 217 |
Post-Miranda Sixth Amendment Massiah Right to Counsel | p. 218 |
Massiah Reliance on Counsel and Waiver | p. 219 |
Massiah Deliberate Elicitation | p. 222 |
Massiah Warnings and Waivers | p. 225 |
Massiah Invocations | p. 227 |
Post-Miranda Due Process | p. 231 |
Entrapment | |
The Entrapment Defense | p. 236 |
Subjective Test v. Objective Test | p. 237 |
The Modern Subjective Test | p. 238 |
Due Process and "Outrageous Government Conduct" | p. 239 |
Identification Procedures | |
Constitutional Issues With Lineups and Other Identification Processes | p. 242 |
The Sixth Amendment | p. 244 |
Due Process Considerations | p. 248 |
Exclusionary Rule | |
Suppression of Evidence as an Exclusionary Remedy | p. 252 |
Constitutional Origins | p. 252 |
State and Statutory Exclusionary Rules | p. 254 |
Alternatives to the Exclusionary Rule | p. 254 |
Public Opinion | p. 255 |
Criminal Prosecution | p. 256 |
Disciplinary Proceedings and Review Boards | p. 256 |
Civil Actions | p. 257 |
Special Forums | p. 258 |
Limits on the Exclusionary Rule's Application | p. 259 |
Private Actors | p. 259 |
Unconstitutional vs. Illegal Actions | p. 259 |
Non-Criminal Proceedings: Incremental Deterrence | p. 260 |
Forfeiture Proceedings | p. 260 |
Grand Juries | p. 261 |
Civil Proceedings | p. 261 |
Different Sovereigns | p. 261 |
Federal Habeas Corpus | p. 262 |
Deportation Proceedings | p. 263 |
Suppression of the Defendant | p. 263 |
Violations of International Agreements | p. 263 |
Good-Faith Exception | p. 264 |
"Knock and Announce" Violations | p. 268 |
Standing | p. 269 |
Constitutional Limitation | p. 269 |
Reasonable Expectation of Privacy | p. 270 |
Target Standing | p. 271 |
Automatic Standing | p. 271 |
Derivative Evidence: The "Fruits" Doctrine | p. 271 |
Constitutional Test | p. 272 |
Independent Source | p. 273 |
Inevitable Discovery | p. 274 |
Attenuation | p. 275 |
Harmless Error | p. 277 |
Non-Constitutional Errors | p. 277 |
Constitutional Trial Errors | p. 277 |
Constitutional Structural Defects | p. 279 |
Federal Habeas Corpus Proceedings | p. 280 |
Pretrial Release | |
Introduction | p. 281 |
Types of Release | p. 283 |
Bail Statutes | p. 286 |
Pretrial Detention | p. 288 |
Prosecutorial Discretion | |
Generally | p. 291 |
Selective Prosecution | p. 292 |
Vindictive Prosecution | p. 293 |
Preliminary Proceedings | |
Initial Appearance | p. 294 |
Gerstein Hearing | p. 295 |
Preliminary Hearing | p. 296 |
Functions of the Preliminary Hearing | p. 297 |
Screening | p. 297 |
Pretrial Discovery | p. 298 |
Future Impeachment | p. 298 |
Perpetuation of Testimony | p. 299 |
Pretrial Release | p. 299 |
Plea Bargaining | p. 299 |
Procedural Issues at the Preliminary Hearing | p. 299 |
Timing of Preliminary Hearing | p. 299 |
Waiver of Preliminary Hearing | p. 300 |
Dispositions Following Preliminary Hearing | p. 301 |
Grand Juries | |
Introduction | p. 303 |
Selection of the Grand Jury | p. 304 |
Scope of Grand Jury Investigation | p. 305 |
Grand Jury Secrecy | p. 306 |
The Grand Jury as a Shield | p. 307 |
Sufficiency of the Evidence | p. 307 |
Misconduct Challenges | p. 308 |
The Grand Jury as a Sword | p. 309 |
The Subpoena Duces Tecum | p. 311 |
The Reasonableness Requirement | p. 311 |
Self-Incrimination by Compliance With Subpoena Duces Tecum | p. 312 |
The Collective Entity Rule | p. 314 |
Charging Instrument | |
Functions of Pleadings in Criminal Cases | p. 316 |
Indictment v. Information | p. 316 |
Notice of the Charge | p. 317 |
Defects on the Face of the Charging Instrument | p. 317 |
Jurisdictional Defects | p. 320 |
Jurisdiction of the Sovereign Over the Offense | p. 320 |
Jurisdiction of the Sovereign Over the Situs of the Offense | p. 320 |
Jurisdiction Over the Person | p. 321 |
Waiver of Jurisdiction | p. 321 |
Venue | p. 321 |
Jurisdiction and Vicinage Compared | p. 321 |
Multi-Venue Problems | p. 322 |
Proof of Venue | p. 322 |
Amended Pleadings | p. 322 |
Variances Between Proof and Charge | p. 323 |
Joinder and Severance | |
Joinder and Severance of Offenses | p. 325 |
Joinder and Severance of Offenses Under the Rules of Criminal Procedure | p. 325 |
Double Jeopardy Implications for the Joinder of Offenses | p. 326 |
Collateral Estoppel Implications for Joinder of Offenses | p. 329 |
Joinder and Severance of Defendants | p. 331 |
Joinder of Defendants Under the Rules | p. 331 |
Constitutional Implications for the Joinder of Defendants | p. 334 |
Speedy Trial | |
Delay in Bringing the Charge | p. 336 |
Delay in Bringing Defendant to Trial | p. 337 |
Statutory Prompt Disposition Provisions | p. 340 |
Discovery and Disclosure | |
Constitutional Discovery | p. 345 |
Discovery Under Rules and Statutes | p. 347 |
Discovery by the Prosecution | p. 350 |
Regulation of Discovery | p. 352 |
Guilty Pleas | |
Plea Alternatives | p. 354 |
Plea Negotiation | p. 356 |
Legality and Enforcement of Plea Agreements | p. 360 |
The Judge's Role in Plea Bargaining and Considering Plea Agreements | p. 361 |
Withdrawing a Guilty Plea | p. 365 |
Jury Trials | |
Right to Jury Trial | p. 368 |
Aspects of the Jury Trial Right | p. 371 |
Selecting Prospective Jurors | p. 373 |
The Fair Cross-Section Requirement | p. 374 |
Jury Selection Process | p. 375 |
Exercising Peremptory Challenges | p. 377 |
Freedom of the Press and Fair Trials | |
Failing to Control the Press | p. 379 |
Pretrial Publicity and Defendant's Right to a Fair Trial | p. 381 |
Change of Venue | p. 381 |
Due Process and Pretrial Publicity | p. 382 |
Gagging the Press | p. 385 |
Press Access to Judicial Proceedings | p. 386 |
Broadcasting Legal Proceedings | p. 388 |
Confrontation and Compulsory Process Rights | |
Identification Procedures | p. 390 |
Preliminary Hearing | p. 390 |
Confrontation Rights at Trial | p. 391 |
Confronting and Cross-Examining Adverse Witnesses | p. 391 |
Right to Be Present During Criminal Proceedings | p. 391 |
Out-of-Court Hearsay Statements | p. 392 |
Joint Trials and the Confrontation Clause | p. 393 |
Compulsory Process | p. 394 |
Sentencing | |
Noncapital Sentencing Alternatives | p. 395 |
Death as a Punishment | p. 398 |
The Problem of Fairness | p. 398 |
The Typical Capital Case | p. 399 |
Proportionality of Punishment | p. 403 |
Sentencing Procedures | p. 407 |
Double Jeopardy | |
Mistrials and the Possibility of a Retrial | p. 413 |
Termination of the Case by Dismissal or Acquittal | p. 416 |
Termination of the Case by Conviction | p. 417 |
Double Jeopardy Regarding Punishment | p. 418 |
Appeals | |
Review by the Trial Court | p. 421 |
Direct Appeal in the State Courts | p. 422 |
Harmless Error and Plain Error | p. 423 |
The Right to Appeal | p. 424 |
Appeals of Last Resort | p. 425 |
Collateral Remedies | |
Introduction | p. 426 |
Time Considerations | p. 427 |
Exhaustion of State Remedies | p. 428 |
Custody | p. 429 |
Evidentiary Hearings | p. 430 |
Violations of Federal Law | p. 431 |
Abuse of the Writ and Procedural Default | p. 434 |
Successive Petitions as an Abuse of the Writ | p. 434 |
Procedural Default | p. 434 |
Claims of Actual Innocence as "Gateways" to Federal Habeas Corpus Review | p. 436 |
Table of Cases | p. 439 |
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