Principles of Forest Pathology

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ISBN: 9780471129523 | 0471129526
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/26/1996

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This book focuses on the practical aspects of forest diseases and on practical measures to minimize damage and loss. Forest Pathology is a reference book that deals with the study of the problems and damage to forests due to: plant diseases, insects, fire, weather, and animals. It is both a forestry book and a plant pathology book. The first section deals with general topics and principles, including both abiotic causes and biotic causes such as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasms, and viruses. The second section presents the details of particular forest diseases and offers practical management suggestions.

Preface

xiii

PART ONE: PRINCIPLES OF FOREST PATHOLOGY

(296)

Introduction

(19)

Plants and Disease

(3)

Historical Perspectives

(16)

Disease in Concept

(17)

Disease Defined

(1)

The Symbiosis Concept of Disease

(2)

The Disease Square

(2)

The Diseased Tree---The Suscept

(3)

The Pathogen

(1)

Numerical Spectrum of Biotic Pathogens

(1)

Parasitism and Pathogenicity

(2)

The Environment

(2)

Classification of Plant and Tree Diseases

(3)

Abiotic Causes of Disease

(48)

Climatic Causes

(14)

Chemical Causes

(11)

Edaphic Causes

(23)

Biotic Causes of Disease

(77)

Fungi

(44)

Bacteria

131

(5)

Mycoplasmas

136

(2)

Viruses

138

(4)

Parasitic Flowering Plants

142

(8)

Nematodes

150

(3)

Insects

153

(2)

Allelopathy

155

(1)

Multiple Pathogen Complexes---Synergistic, Neutral, and Antagonistic

156

(2)

The Disease Cycle

158

(3)

Generalized Cycle of a Leaf Disease

161

(3)

Inoculum

164

(21)

Introduction

164

(1)

Inoculum

164

(10)

Inoculum Potential

174

(4)

Conclusions

178

(7)

Inoculation and Penetration

185

(15)

Introduction

185

(1)

Inoculation

185

(1)

Germination

186

(3)

Penetration

189

(1)

Prepenetration Interactions Between Pathogen and Susscept

189

(5)

Penetration Through Protective Barriers

194

(4)

Conclusions

198

(2)

Colonization and Pathogenesis

200

(37)

Introduction

200

(1)

Local Versus Systemic Invasion

200

(1)

Destructive Versus Balanced Parasitism

201

(1)

Biochemistry of Infection

202

(5)

Effects on the Host

207

(21)

Plant Resistance

228

(9)

Epidemiology

237

(35)

The Scope of Epidemiology

237

(1)

Increase and Spread of Plant Disease

238

(14)

The Role of Environmental Factors and Cultural Practices in the Development of the Epidemic

252

(2)

Geophytopathology

254

(2)

Quantitative Analysis of Epidemics

256

(4)

Disease Forecasting and Hazard Evaluation

260

(3)

Yield Losses Due to the Epidemic

263

(9)

Principles of Disease Management

272

(25)

Introduction

272

(4)

Disease Detection

276

(2)

Damage Appraisal

278

(2)

Disease Management Strategies

280

(5)

Integrated Forest Protection

285

(1)

Development of a Pest Management System

286

(11)

PART TWO: BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF FOREST DISEASES

297

(496)

Root Pathology

299

(12)

Biology of Root Diseases

299

(2)

Diagnostic Features

301

(1)

Evolution of Root-Disease Concepts

301

(6)

Classification of Root-Infecting and Soil-Inhabiting Organisms, Concentrating on Fungi

307

(1)

Ecology of the Rhizosphere

308

(1)

Root Pathology Characterization

309

(2)

Feeder Root Diseases

311

(62)

Pregermination (Seed) Disease

311

(2)

Postgermination (Root) Diseases

313

(3)

Disease Profile---Damping-Off

315

(1)

Damping-Off

316

(11)

Disease Profile---Black Root Disease

325

(2)

Black Root Disease

327

(5)

Disease Profile---Cylindrocladium Root Disease

330

(2)

Cylindrocladium Root Disease

332

(9)

Disease Profile---Nematode-Caused Diseases in Nurseries and Plantations

338

(2)

Disease Profile---Littleleaf Disease

340

(1)

Littleleaf Disease

341

(32)

Disease Profile---Phytophthora Root Disease of Port Orford Cedar

368

(2)

Disease Profile---Senna Seymeria, Root Parasite of Southern Pines

370

(3)

Feeder Root Symbioses: Mycorrhizae

373

(19)

Definition

373

(1)

History

373

(1)

Ecosystematic Functions

374

(1)

Economic Importance

375

(1)

Host Plants

375

(1)

Morphology

376

(1)

Classification

376

(4)

Function

380

(1)

Protection

381

(1)

Formation

382

(1)

Management

382

(10)

Disease Profile---Ectomycorrhizae

388

(2)

Disease Profile---Endomycorrhizae

390

(2)

Root System Decay

392

(52)

Introduction

392

(3)

Disease Profile---Annosum Root Disease

393

(2)

Annosum Root Disease

395

(17)

Disease Profile---Laminated Root Disease

411

(1)

Laminated Root Disease

412

(9)

Disease Profile---Armillaria Root Disease

419

(2)

Armillaria Root Disease

421

(15)

Disease Profile---Clitocybe Root Disease

432

(3)

Disease Profile---Tomentosus Root Disease

435

(1)

Tomentosus Root Disease

436

(8)

Disease Profile---Schweinitzii Root and Butt Disease

440

(2)

Disease Profile---Rhizina Root Disease

442

(2)

Foliage Pathology

444

(54)

Hardwoods

444

(1)

Anthracnose of Sycamore, Oak, and Other Hardwoods

445

(6)

Disease Profile---Anthracnose of Sycamore, Oak, and Other Hardwoods

449

(2)

Powdery Mildews of Oak and Other Hardwoods

451

(15)

Disease Profile---Powdery Mildews of Oak and Other Hardwoods

455

(1)

Disease Profile---Sooty Molds

456

(2)

Disease Profile---Tar Spots of Maples

458

(2)

Disease Profile---Leaf Blister and Related Diseases

460

(1)

Disease Profile---Marssonina Leaf Spot of Poplars

461

(2)

Disease Profile---Dogwood Anthracnose

463

(1)

Disease Profile---Air Pollution Effects on Hardwoods

464

(2)

Conifers

466

(2)

Disease Profile---Brown Spot

467

(1)

Brown Spot

468

(30)

Disease Profile---Elytroderma Needle Blight

485

(2)

Disease Profile---Lophodermium Needle Cast

487

(2)

Disease Profile---Diplodia Tip Blight

489

(2)

Disease Profile---Dothistroma Needle Blight

491

(1)

Disease Profile---Rhabdocline Needle Cast of Douglas-fir

492

(2)

Disease Profile---Swiss Needle Cast of Douglas-fir

494

(2)

Disease Profile---Air Pollution Effects on Conifers

496

(2)

Stem, Foliage, and Cone Rusts

498

(72)

Biology of Tree Rusts

498

(1)

Pine Stem Rusts

498

(2)

Disease Profile---White Pine Blister Rust

499

(1)

White Pine Blister Rust

500

(20)

Disease Profile---Fusiform Rust

518

(2)

Fusiform Rust

520

(33)

Disease Profile---Comandra Rust

543

(1)

Disease Profile---Pine--Sweetfern Rust

544

(2)

Disease Profile---Pine--Cowwheat Rust

546

(2)

Disease Profile---Limb Rusts

548

(2)

Disease Profile---Pine--Oak Rust

550

(2)

Disease Profile---Pine--Pine Rust

552

(1)

Cedar and Juniper Stem Rusts

553

(4)

Disease Profile---Gymnosporangium Rusts

554

(1)

Disease Profile---Juniper Broom Rust

555

(2)

Foliage Rusts

557

(10)

Disease Profile---Cedar--Apple Rust

557

(2)

Disease Profile---Pine Needle Rust

559

(2)

Disease Profile---Spruce Needle Rust

561

(1)

Disease Profile---Ash Rust

562

(2)

Disease Profile---Fir Broom Rust

564

(2)

Disease Profile---Poplar Rusts

566

(1)

Cone Rusts

567

(2)

Disease Profile---Southern Cone Rust

568

(1)

Other Cone Rusts

569

(1)

Canker Diseases

570

(75)

Introduction

570

(1)

Hardwood Cankers

571

(2)

Disease Profile---Chestnut Blight

571

(2)

Chestnut Blight

573

(11)

Disease Profile---Hypoxylon Canker

583

(1)

Hypoxylon Canker

584

(11)

Disease Profile---Hypoxylon Dieback

592

(2)

Disease Profile---Beech Bark Disease

594

(1)

Beech Bark Disease

595

(29)

Disease Profile---Nectria Canker

606

(1)

Disease Profile---Thyronectria/Tubercularia Canker

607

(2)

Disease Profile---Strumella Canker

609

(2)

Disease Profile---Eutypella Canker

611

(1)

Disease Profile---Fusarium Canker of Hardwoods

612

(2)

Disease Profile---Ceratocystis Canker

614

(2)

Disease Profile---Septoria Canker

616

(2)

Disease Profile---Fire Blight

618

(1)

Disease Profile---Butternut Canker

619

(3)

Disease Profile---Diffuse Cankers

622

(2)

Conifers

624

(1)

Disease Profile---Scleroderris Canker

624

(1)

Scleroderris Canker

625

(7)

Disease Canker---Pitch Canker

632

(13)

Disease Profile---Larch Canker

634

(3)

Disease Profile---Cytospora Canker

637

(1)

Disease Profile---Basal Canker of White Pine

638

(2)

Disease Profile---Sirococcus Shoot Blight

640

(2)

Disease Profile---Diplodia Canker

642

(1)

Disease Profile---Atropellis Canker

643

(2)

Stem Pathology: Systemic Diseases

645

(52)

Vascular Wilts and Stains

645

(2)

Disease Profile---Dutch Elm Disease

646

(1)

Dutch Elm Disease

647

(20)

Disease Profile---Elm Yellows

665

(2)

Elm Yellows

667

(6)

Disease Profile---Oak Wilt

671

(2)

Oak Wilt

673

(12)

Disease Profile---Conifer Wilt

683

(1)

Disease Profile---Black-Stain Root Disease

684

(1)

Black-Stain Root Disease

685

(12)

Disease Profile---Verticillium Wilt

690

(2)

Disease Profile---Mimosa Wilt

692

(2)

Disease Profile---Persimmon Wilt

694

(3)

Diebacks and Declines

697

(24)

Diebacks and Declines

697

(7)

Disease Profile---Birch Dieback

698

(1)

Disease Profile---Pole Blight of Western White Pine

699

(2)

Disease Profile---Sweetgum Blight

701

(2)

Disease Profile---Oak Decline

703

(1)

Oak Decline

704

(10)

Disease Profile---Ash Dieback

708

(2)

Disease Profile---Maple Blight

710

(2)

Disease Profile---Pine Wood Nematode

712

(2)

Pine Wood Nematode

714

(7)

Disease Profile---Sapstreak

718

(3)

Mistletoes

721

(22)

Biology of Mistletoes

721

(1)

Dwarf Mistletoes

721

(22)

Disease Profile---Southwestern Dwarf Mistletoe

731

(2)

Disease Profile---Douglas-fir Dwarf Mistletoe

733

(1)

Disease Profile---Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe

734

(2)

Disease Profile---Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe

736

(2)

Disease Profile---Hemlock Dwarf Mistletoe

738

(2)

Disease Profile---Leafy Mistletoes

740

(3)

Wood Decay

743

(50)

Discoloration and Decay in Living Trees

743

(17)

Heart Decay

760

(33)

Disease Profile---Red Heart Decay

777

(2)

Disease Profile---Brown Stringy Decay

779

(2)

Disease Profile---White Trunk Decay

781

(2)

Disease Profile---Red Ring Decay

783

(2)

Disease Profile---Decay of Southern Hardwoods

785

(2)

Disease Profile---Discoloration and Decay in Northern Hardwoods

787

(2)

Disease Profile---Canker Decays of Hardwoods

789

(2)

Disease Profile---Wetwood

791

(2)

Glossary

793

(8)

Index

801

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Principles of Forest Pathology

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Principles of Forest Pathology

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Digital License