Principles of International Investment Law

Ursula Kriebaum, Professor of Law, University of Vienna,Christoph Schreuer, Of Counsel at Zeiler Floyd Zadkovich and Professor Emeritus, University of Vienna,Rudolf Dolzer, Professor Emeritus, University of Bonn

Rudolf Dolzer (1944-2020) was Professor Emeritus at the University of Bonn


Ursula Kriebaum is Professor of Law at the University of Vienna

Christoph Schreuer is Of Counsel at Zeiler Floyd Zadkovich and Professor Emeritus at the University of Vienna

I. History, Sources, and Nature of International Investment Law
1. The history of international investment law
2. The sources of international investment law
3. The nature of international investment law
II. Interpretation and Intertemporal Application of Investment Treaties
1. The interpretation of investment treaties
2. The application of investment treaties in time
III. Investor
1. Private foreign investors
2. Nationality of individuals
3. Nationality of corporations
4. A local company as a foreign investor
5. Nationality planning
6. Denial of benefits
7. An active investor?
IV. Investment
1. Terminology and concept
2. Definitions of investment
3. A general concept of investment?
4. Types of investments
5. The unity of an investment
6. The origin of the investment
7. Investments in the host State's territory
8. Investments in accordance with host State law
9. Indirect investments
V. Investment Contracts
1. Types of investment contracts
2. Applicable law
3. Dispute settlement
4. Stabilization clauses
5. Renegotiation and adaptation
VI. Admission and Establishment
1. The right to control admission and establishment
2. The move towards economic liberalism
3. Investment promotion
4. The right to admission and the right of establishment
5. Treaty models of admission
6. Performance requirements
7. The inception of an investment
VII. Expropriation
1. The object of an expropriation
2. Expropriation as an act of government
3. Indirect expropriation
4. The legality of the expropriation
VIII. Standards of Protection
1. Fair and equitable treatment
2. Full protection and security
3. Arbitrary or discriminatory measures
4. National treatment
5. Most-favoured-nation treatment
6. The umbrella clause
7. Effective means
8. Transfer of funds
IX. Emergency Situations and Armed Conflicts
1. Competing policies
2. Effects of violence under traditional international law
3. The ILC Articles on state responsibility
4. Treaty law
X. Attribution
1. Sources and principles
2. Organs, provinces, and municipalities
3. Exercise of governmental authority
4. Instruction, direction, or control
XI. Political Risk Insurance
1. History and purpose
2. Different types of insurance
3. Subrogation
4. Risks covered
XII. Settling Investment Disputes
1. State-to-State disputes
2. The limited usefulness of domestic courts
3. Settlement of Investor-State disputes by arbitration and conciliation
4. Arbitration institutions and regimes
5. Investment disputes
6. The parties to investment disputes
7. Consent to investment arbitration
8. Conditions for the institution of proceedings
9. MFN clauses and dispute settlement
10. Treaty claims and contract claims
11. Procedure
12. Applicable law
13. Remedies
14. Costs
15. Review of awards
16. Enforcement of awards