Principles Of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text w/ Physics Now

, by Serway, Raymond A.; Jewett, John W.

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ISBN: 9780534491437 | 053449143X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 2/23/2005

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This successful text was the first to address the latest teaching and learning trends as suggested by the Introductory University Physics Project (IUPP) guidelines. PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS features a concise approach to traditional topics, an early introduction to modern physics, integration of physics education research pedagogies, as well as the integration of contemporary topics throughout the text. This revision of PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS also contains text/media integration unlike no other through the PhysicsNow online assessment, tutorial, and course management system.

An Invitation to Physics

(3)

Introduction and Vectors

(30)

Standards of Length, Mass, and Time

(3)

Dimensional Analysis

(1)

Conversion of Units

(1)

Order-of-Magnitude Calculations

(1)

Significant Figures

(1)

Coordinate Systems

(2)

Vectors and Scalars

(1)

Some Properties of Vectors

(2)

Components of a Vector and Unit Vectors

(5)

Modeling, Alternative Representations, and Problem-Solving Strategy

(12)

CONTEXT 1 Alternative-Fuel Vehicles

(189)

Motion in One Dimension

(32)

Average Velocity

(3)

Instantaneous Velocity

(4)

Analysis Models---The Particle Under Constant Velocity

(2)

Acceleration

(3)

Motion Diagrams

(1)

The Particle Under Constant Acceleration

(4)

Freely Falling Objects

(4)

Context Connection---Acceleration Required by Consumers

(10)

Motion in Two Dimensions

(27)

The Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Vectors

(2)

Two-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration

(2)

Projectile Motion

(6)

The Particle in Uniform Circular Motion

(3)

Tangential and Radial Acceleration

(1)

Relative Velocity

(3)

Context Connection---Lateral Acceleration of Automobiles

(10)

The Laws of Motion

(29)

The Concept of Force

(1)

Newton's First Law

(2)

Mass

100

(1)

Newton's Second Law---The Particle Under a Net Force

101

(2)

The Gravitational Force and Weight

103

(1)

Newton's Third Law

104

(3)

Applications of Newton's Laws

107

(7)

Context Connection --- Forces on Automobiles

114

(11)

More Applications of Newton's Laws

125

(31)

Forces of Friction

126

(6)

Newton's Second Law Applied to a Particle in Uniform Circular Motion

132

(6)

Nonuniform Circular Motion

138

(2)

Motion in the Presence of Velocity-Dependent Resistive Forces

140

(3)

The Fundamental Forces of Nature

143

(2)

Context Connection --- Drag Coefficients of Automobiles

145

(11)

Energy and Energy Transfer

156

(32)

Systems and Environments

157

(1)

Work Done by a Constant Force

157

(3)

The Scalar Product of Two Vectors

160

(2)

Work Done by a Varying Force

162

(4)

Kinetic Energy and the Work--Kinetic Energy Theorem

166

(3)

The Nonisolated System

169

(4)

Situations Involving Kinetic Friction

173

(4)

Power

177

(2)

Context Connection---Horsepower Ratings of Automobiles

179

(9)

Potential Energy

188

(35)

Potential Energy of a System

188

(2)

The Isolated System

190

(5)

Conservative and Nonconservative Forces

195

(5)

Conservative Forces and Potential Energy

200

(2)

The Nonisolated System in Steady State

202

(1)

Potential Energy for Gravitational and Electric Forces

203

(3)

Energy Diagrams and Stability of Equilibrium

206

(1)

Context Connection---Potential Energy in Fuels

207

(16)

Conclusion Present and Future Possibilities

220

(3)

CONTEXT 2 Mission to Mars

223

(148)

Momentum and Collisions

226

(33)

Linear Momentum and Its Conservation

227

(4)

Impulse and Momentum

231

(2)

Collisions

233

(6)

Two-Dimensional Collisions

239

(3)

The Center of Mass

242

(3)

Motion of a System of Particles

245

(3)

Context Connection --- Rocket Propulsion

248

(11)

Relativity

259

(32)

The Principle of Newtonian Relativity

260

(2)

The Michelson--Morley Experiment

262

(1)

Einstein's Principle of Relativity

263

(1)

Consequences of Special Relativity

264

(8)

The Lorentz Transformation Equations

272

(3)

Relativistic Momentum and the Relativistic Form of Newton's Laws

275

(1)

Relativistic Energy

276

(3)

Mass and Energy

279

(1)

General Relativity

280

(3)

Context Connection---From Mars to the Stars

283

(8)

Rotational Motion

291

(46)

Angular Position, Speed, and Acceleration

292

(3)

Rotational Kinematics: The Rigid Object Under Constant Angular Acceleration

295

(1)

Relations Between Rotational and Translational Quantities

296

(2)

Rotational Kinetic Energy

298

(5)

Torque and the Vector Product

303

(3)

The Rigid Object in Equilibrium

306

(3)

The Rigid Object Under a Net Torque

309

(4)

Angular Momentum

313

(3)

Conservation of Angular Momentum

316

(3)

Precessional Motion of Gyroscopes

319

(1)

Rolling Motion of Rigid Objects

320

(3)

Context Connection---Turning the Spacecraft

323

(14)

Gravity, Planetary Orbits, and the Hydrogen Atom

337

(34)

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Revisited

338

(3)

Structural Models

341

(1)

Kepler's Laws

342

(3)

Energy Considerations in Planetary and Satellite Motion

345

(6)

Atomic Spectra and the Bohr Theory of Hydrogen

351

(6)

Context Connection---Changing from a Circular to an Elliptical Orbit

357

(14)

Conclusion A Successful Mission Plan

367

(4)

CONTEXT 3 Earthquakes

371

(91)

Oscillatory Motion

373

(27)

Motion of a Particle Attached to a Spring

374

(1)

Mathematical Representation of Simple Harmonic Motion

375

(6)

Energy Considerations in Simple Harmonic Motion

381

(3)

The Simple Pendulum

384

(2)

The Physical Pendulum

386

(1)

Damped Oscillations

387

(2)

Forced Oscillations

389

(1)

Context Connection---Resonance in Structures

390

(10)

Mechanical Waves

400

(32)

Propagation of a Disturbance

401

(2)

The Wave Model

403

(2)

The Traveling Wave

405

(3)

The Speed of Transverse Waves of Strings

408

(3)

Reflection and Transmission of Waves

411

(2)

Rate of Energy Transfer by Sinusoidal Waves on Strings

413

(2)

Sound Waves

415

(2)

The Doppler Effect

417

(4)

Context Connection---Seismic Waves

421

(11)

Superposition and Standing Waves

432

(30)

The Principle of Superposition

433

(1)

Interference of Waves

434

(3)

Standing Waves

437

(3)

Standing Waves in Strings

440

(3)

Standing Waves in Air Columns

443

(3)

Beats: Interference in Time

446

(2)

Nonsinusoidal Wave Patterns

448

(2)

Context Connection---Building on Antinodes

450

(12)

Conclusion Minimizing the Risk

459

(3)

CONTEXT 4 Search for the Titanic

462

(35)

Fluid Mechanics

464

(33)

Pressure

465

(1)

Variation of Pressure with Depth

466

(4)

Pressure Measurements

470

(1)

Buoyant Forces and Archimedes's Principle

470

(5)

Fluid Dynamics

475

(1)

Streamlines and the Continuity Equation for Fluids

476

(2)

Bernoulli's Equation

478

(2)

Other Applications of Fluid Dynamics

480

(1)

Context Connection---A Near Miss Even Before Leaving Southampton

481

(16)

Conclusion Finding and Visiting the Titanic

493

(4)

CONTEXT 5 Global Warming

497

(104)

Temperature and the Kinetic Theory of Gases

499

(32)

Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

500

(1)

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

501

(4)

Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids

505

(5)

Macroscopic Description of an Ideal Gas

510

(3)

The Kinetic Theory of Gases

513

(5)

Distribution of Molecular Speeds

518

(2)

Context Connection---The Atmospheric Lapse Rate

520

(11)

Energy in Thermal Processes: The First Law of Thermodynamics

531

(41)

Heat and Internal Energy

532

(1)

Specific Heat

533

(3)

Latent Heat and Phase Changes

536

(3)

Work in Thermodynamic Processes

539

(3)

The First Law of Thermodynamics

542

(2)

Some Applications of the First Law of Thermodynamics

544

(3)

Molar Specific Heats of Ideal Gases

547

(3)

Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas

550

(1)

Molar Specific Heats and the Equipartition of Energy

551

(3)

Energy Transfer Mechanisms in Thermal Processes

554

(4)

Context Connection --- Energy Balance for the Earth

558

(14)

Heat Engines, Entropy, and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

572

(29)

Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

573

(2)

Reversible and Irreversible Processes

575

(1)

The Carnot Engine

575

(3)

Heat Pumps and Refrigerators

578

(1)

An Alternative Statement of the Second Law

579

(1)

Entropy

580

(3)

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

583

(2)

Entropy Changes in Irreversible Processes

585

(2)

Context Connection---The Atmosphere as a Heat Engine

587

(14)

Conclusion Predicting the Earth's Surface Temperature

597

(4)

CONTEXT 6 Lightning

601

(124)

Electric Forces and Electric Fields

603

(39)

Historical Overview

604

(1)

Properties of Electric Charges

604

(2)

Insulators and Conductors

606

(2)

Coulomb's Law

608

(3)

Electric Fields

611

(5)

Electric Field Lines

616

(2)

Motion of Charged Particles in a Uniform Electric Field

618

(3)

Electric Flux

621

(3)

Gauss's Law

624

(2)

Application of Gauss's Law to Symmetric Charge Distributions

626

(4)

Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium

630

(1)

Context Connection---The Atmospheric Electric Field

631

(11)

Electric Potential and Capacitance

642

(41)

Potential Difference and Electric Potential

643

(2)

Potential Differences in a Uniform Electric Field

645

(2)

Electric Potential and Electric Potential Energy Due to Point Charges

647

(3)

Obtaining Electric Field from Electric Potential

650

(2)

Electric Potential Due to Continuous Charge Distributions

652

(3)

Electric Potential of a Charged Conductor

655

(1)

Capacitance

656

(4)

Combinations of Capacitors

660

(4)

Energy Stored in a Charged Capacitor

664

(3)

Capacitors with Dielectrics

667

(5)

Context Connection---The Atmosphere as a Capacitor

672

(11)

Current and Direct Current Circuits

683

(42)

Electric Current

684

(3)

Resistance and Ohm's Law

687

(4)

Superconductors

691

(1)

A Structural Model for Electrical Conduction

692

(4)

Electric Energy and Power

696

(3)

Sources of emf

699

(1)

Resistors in Series and in Parallel

700

(5)

Kirchhoff's Rules

705

(3)

RC Circuits

708

(4)

Context Connection---The Atmosphere as a Conductor

712

(13)

Conclusion Determining the Number of Lightning Strikes

723

(2)

CONTEXT 7 Magnetic Levitation Vehicles

725

(79)

Magnetic Forces and Magnetic Fields

727

(38)

Historical Overview

728

(1)

The Magnetic Field

728

(4)

Motion of a Charged Particle in a Uniform Magnetic Field

732

(3)

Applications Involving Charged Particles Moving in a Magnetic Field

735

(3)

Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor

738

(3)

Torque on a Current Loop in a Uniform Magnetic Field

741

(2)

The Biot--Savart Law

743

(3)

The Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Conductors

746

(1)

Ampere's Law

747

(3)

The Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

750

(2)

Magnetism in Matter

752

(1)

Context Connection---The Attractive Model for Magnetic Levitation

753

(12)

Faraday's Law and Inductance

765

(39)

Faraday's Law of Induction

765

(5)

Motional emf

770

(5)

Lenz's Law

775

(3)

Induced emfs and Electric Fields

778

(2)

Self-Inductance

780

(2)

RL Circuits

782

(3)

Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field

785

(2)

Context Connection---The Repulsive Model for Magnetic Levitation

787

(17)

Conclusion Lifting, Propelling, and Braking the Vehicle

801

(3)

CONTEXT 8 Lasers

804

(131)

Electromagnetic Waves

806

(33)

Displacement Current and the Generalized Ampere's Law

807

(1)

Maxwell's Equations

808

(2)

Electromagnetic Waves

810

(4)

Hertz's Discoveries

814

(4)

Energy Carried by Electromagnetic Waves

818

(2)

Momentum and Radiation Pressure

820

(2)

The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves

822

(2)

Polarization

824

(2)

Context Connection---The Special Properties of Laser Light

826

(13)

Reflection and Refraction of Light

839

(28)

The Nature of Light

840

(1)

The Ray Model in Geometric Optics

841

(1)

The Wave Under Reflection

842

(3)

The Wave Under Refraction

845

(5)

Dispersion and Prisms

850

(1)

Huygens's Principle

851

(2)

Total Internal Reflection

853

(2)

Context Connection---Optical Fibers

855

(12)

Image Formation by Mirrors and Lenses

867

(31)

Images Formed by Flat Mirrors

868

(3)

Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors

871

(7)

Images Formed by Refraction

878

(3)

Thin Lenses

881

(7)

Context Connection---Medical Fiberscopes

888

(10)

Wave Optics

898

(37)

Conditions for Interference

899

(1)

Young's Double-Slit Experiment

899

(2)

Light Waves in Interference

901

(3)

Change of Phase Due to Reflection

904

(1)

Interference in Thin Films

905

(4)

Diffraction Patterns

909

(3)

Resolution of Single-Slit and Circular Apertures

912

(3)

The Diffraction Grating

915

(3)

Diffraction of X-Rays by Crystals

918

(2)

Context Connection---Holography

920

(15)

Conclusion Using Lasers to Record and Read Digital Information

931

(4)

Context 9 The Cosmic Connection

935

Quantum Physics

937

(46)

Blackbody Radiation and Planck's Theory

938

(4)

The Photoelectric Effect

942

(5)

The Compton Effect

947

(2)

Photons and Electromagnetic Waves

949

(1)

The Wave Properties of Particles

950

(4)

The Quantum Particle

954

(3)

The Double-Slit Experiment Revisited

957

(2)

The Uncertainty Principle

959

(2)

An Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics

961

(2)

A Particle in a Box

963

(3)

The Quantum Particle Under Boundary Conditions

966

(1)

The Schrodinger Equation

967

(3)

Tunneling Through a Potential Energy Barrier

970

(3)

Context Connection---The Cosmic Temperature

973

(10)

Atomic Physics

983

(33)

Early Structural Models of the Atom

984

(1)

The Hydrogen Atom Revisited

985

(2)

The Wave Functions for Hydrogen

987

(4)

Physical Interpretation of the Quantum Numbers

991

(6)

The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table

997

(6)

More on Atomic Spectra: Visible and X-Ray

1003

(4)

Context Connection---Atoms in Space

1007

(9)

Nuclear Physics

1016

(32)

Some Properties of Nuclei

1017

(6)

Binding Energy

1023

(2)

Radioactivity

1025

(4)

The Radioactive Decay Processes

1029

(6)

Nuclear Reactions

1035

(1)

Context Connection---The Engine of the Stars

1036

(12)

Particle Physics

1048

The Fundamental Forces in Nature

1049

(1)

Positrons and Other Antiparticles

1050

(3)

Mesons and the Beginning of Particle Physics

1053

(2)

Classification of Particles

1055

(2)

Conservation Laws

1057

(3)

Strange Particles and Strangeness

1060

(1)

Measuring Particle Lifetimes

1061

(2)

Finding Patterns in the Particles

1063

(2)

Quarks

1065

(3)

Colored Quarks

1068

(2)

The Standard Model

1070

(2)

Context Connection---Investigating the Smallest System to Understand the Largest

1072

Conclusion Problems and Perspectives

1086

Appendix A Tables

(12)

Conversion Factors

(1)

Symbols, Dimensions, and Units of Physical Quantities

(2)

Table of Atomic Masses

(9)

Appendix B Mathematics Review

(17)

Scientific Notation

(1)

Algebra

(5)

Geometry

(1)

Trigonometry

(2)

Series Expansions

(1)

Differential Calculus

(2)

Integral Calculus

(3)

Propagation of Uncertainty

(3)

Appendix C Periodic Table of the Elements

(2)

Appendix D SI Units

(1)

SI Base Units

(1)

Some Derived SI Units

(1)

Appendix E Nobel Prizes

(5)

Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

Index

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Principles Of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text w/ Physics Now

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials