Principles of Science for Nurses

This very basic textbook aims to provide nursing students with the essential bioscience they will need to complete their Common Foundation Programme. The book will explore the relevant basic scientific principles, apply these principles to clinical situations and then ask review questions. For anyone who has not studied science before this will be an excellent introduction to the key concepts of chemistry, physics and biology, as applied to nursing.

Joyce James is the author of Principles of Science for Nurses, published by Wiley.

Colin Baker is the author of Principles of Science for Nurses, published by Wiley.

Helen Swain is the author of Principles of Science for Nurses, published by Wiley.

Preface

viii

Introduction

ix

Homeostasis

ix

Measurement and units

x

Summary

xvii

Review questions

xvii

Atoms

1

(18)

Learning objectives

1

(1)

Introduction

1

(1)

Matter

1

(2)

Atoms

3

(1)

Elements

4

(2)

Atomic number and mass number

6

(1)

Isotopes

6

(1)

Relative atomic mass

6

(1)

Electron arrangement

7

(1)

Compounds

8

(1)

Chemical equations

8

(2)

Chemical bonding

10

(5)

The mole

15

(2)

Relative formula mass

17

(1)

Summary

17

(1)

Review questions

17

(1)

Further reading

18

(1)

Water and electrolyte balance

19

(21)

Learning objectives

19

(1)

Introduction

19

(1)

Bonding in water

19

(2)

Water as a solvent

21

(4)

Concentrations

25

(2)

Diffusion and osmosis

27

(3)

Tonicity of cells

30

(2)

Filtration

32

(1)

Electrolyte balance

32

(1)

Water in the body

33

(2)

Water balance

35

(2)

Water regulation

37

(1)

Dialysis

38

(1)

Summary

39

(1)

Review questions

39

(1)

Further reading

39

(1)

Acids and bases

40

(18)

Learning objectives

40

(1)

Introduction

40

(1)

Acids

40

(1)

Bases

41

(1)

Neutralisation

42

(1)

Salts

42

(1)

Strong and weak acids and bases

43

(2)

The pH scale

45

(2)

pH of body fluids

47

(1)

Chemical buffers

48

(2)

Respiratory regulation of pH

50

(2)

Renal regulation of pH

52

(1)

When the balancing act no longer works

53

(3)

Compensation - systems working together

56

(1)

Summary

56

(1)

Review questions

57

(1)

Further reading

57

(1)

Biomolecules

58

(19)

Learning objectives

58

(1)

Introduction

58

(1)

Organic chemistry

58

(1)

Carbohydrates

59

(4)

Lipids

63

(3)

Proteins

66

(4)

Nucleic acids

70

(2)

Digestion and absorption of biomolecules

72

(3)

Summary

75

(1)

Review questions

75

(1)

Further reading

76

(1)

Cells

77

(15)

Learning objectives

77

(1)

Introduction

77

(1)

Two cell types

77

(1)

Viruses and prions

78

(1)

Cell structure

79

(3)

Human cell organelles

82

(6)

Growth of cells and cell division

88

(3)

Summary

91

(1)

Review questions

91

(1)

Further reading

91

(1)

Genetics

92

(17)

Learning objectives

92

(1)

Introduction

92

(1)

Genes

92

(3)

Gene inheritance patterns

95

(2)

Genetic disorders

97

(2)

Characteristics of single-gene disorders

99

(5)

Genetic techniques

104

(4)

Summary

108

(1)

Review questions

108

(1)

Further reading

108

(1)

Microorganisms

109

(15)

Learning objectives

109

(1)

Introduction

109

(1)

Microorganisms

109

(1)

Microorganism structure

109

(3)

Growth

112

(2)

Laboratory techniques

114

(1)

Infection

115

(2)

Prevention of infection

117

(3)

Drug-resistant bacteria

120

(3)

Summary

123

(1)

Review questions

123

(1)

Further reading

123

(1)

Immunology

124

(13)

Learning objectives

124

(1)

Introduction

124

(1)

The immune system

124

(1)

Innate and adaptive immunity

125

(2)

Immune system structure

127

(4)

Defective immune responses

131

(1)

Applications of the immune system

132

(4)

Summary

136

(1)

Review questions

136

(1)

Further reading

136

(1)

Fluids - liquids and gases

137

(20)

Learning objectives

137

(1)

Introduction

137

(1)

Pressure

137

(1)

Atmospheric pressure

137

(2)

Liquids

139

(1)

Blood - pressure, resistance and flow

140

(6)

Gases

146

(9)

Summary

155

(1)

Review questions

156

(1)

Further reading

156

(1)

Nutrition and metabolism

157

(20)

Learning objectives

157

(1)

Introduction

157

(1)

Definition of energy

157

(2)

Nutrition

159

(4)

Adenosine triphosphate - ATP

163

(1)

Metabolism

164

(1)

Metabolic pathways

165

(8)

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

173

(2)

Summary

175

(1)

Review questions

175

(1)

Further reading

176

(1)

Electromagnetic radiation

177

(14)

Learning objectives

177

(1)

Introduction

177

(1)

What is electromagnetic radiation?

177

(1)

The sun and electromagnetic radiation

178

(2)

Non-ionising radiation

180

(1)

Radioisotopes

180

(3)

Monitoring exposure and reducing dosage

183

(1)

Clinical uses of radioisotopes

183

(2)

Non-invasive imaging techniques

185

(4)

Summary

189

(1)

Review questions

189

(1)

Further reading

190

(1)

Temperature and heat

191

(11)

Learning objectives

191

(1)

Introduction

191

(1)

Heat and temperature

191

(3)

Latent heat

194

(1)

Transmission of heat

195

(2)

Temperature homeostasis - heat balance in the body

197

(2)

Control of abnormal body temperatures - hypothermia and hyperthermia

199

(1)

Summary

200

(1)

Review questions

201

(1)

Further reading

201

(1)

Forces and mechanics

202

(11)

Learning objectives

202

(1)

Introduction

202

(1)

Getting things moving - Newton's laws of motion

202

(2)

The force of gravity

204

(2)

Friction

206

(2)

Levers

208

(2)

Pulleys

210

(1)

Forces, levers and moving and handling issues

210

(2)

Summary

212

(1)

Review questions

212

(1)

Further reading

212

(1)

Electricity

213

(15)

Learning objectives

213

(1)

Introduction

213

(1)

Electricity

213

(4)

Electricity and the body

217

(6)

Medical applications of electricity

223

(3)

Summary

226

(1)

Review questions

226

(1)

Further reading

227

(1)

Periodic table of the elements

228

(1)

Glossary

229

(7)

Answers

236

(9)

Index

245

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Principles of Science for Nurses

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Principles of Science for Nurses

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Digital License