Principles of Transnational Civil Procedure

UNIDROIT was founded in 1926 as a specialized agency of the League of Nations. It exists as an independent intergovernmental organization on the basis of a multilateral agreement, the UNIDROIT Statute. Its purpose is to study needs and methods for modernizing, harmonizing, and coordinating private laws between states and groups of states and to prepare legislative texts for consideration by governments.

Foreword

xxiii

Reporters' Preface

xxvii

Preface, by E. Bruce Leonard

xxix

Preface, by Jorge A. Sánchez-Cordero Dávila

xxxi

A Drafter's Reflections on the Principles of Transnational Civil Procedure, by Geoffrey C. Hazard, Jr.

xli

Introduction

1

(15)

PRINCIPLES OF TRANSNATIONAL CIVIL PROCEDURE (with commentary)

Principle

Scope and Implementation

16

(13)

Comment

16

(1)

1. Independence, Impartiality, and Qualifications of the Court and Its Judges

17

(1)

Comment

18

(1)

2. Jurisdiction Over Parties

18

(2)

Comment

19

(1)

3. Procedural Equality of the Parties

20

(2)

Comment

21

(1)

4. Right to Engage a Lawyer

22

(1)

Comment

22

(1)

5. Due Notice and Right to Be Heard

22

(2)

Comment

23

(1)

6. Languages

24

(1)

Comment

24

(1)

7. Prompt Rendition of Justice

25

(1)

Comment

25

(1)

8. Provisional and Protective Measures

25

(3)

Comment

26

(2)

9. Structure of the Proceedings

28

(1)

Comment

28

(1)

10. Party Initiative and Scope of the Proceeding

29

(1)

Comment

29

(1)

11. Obligations of the Parties and Lawyers

30

(1)

Comment

31

(1)

12. Multiple Claims and Parties; Intervention

31

(1)

Comment

32

(1)

13. Amicus Curiae Submission

32

(1)

Comment

33

(1)

14. Court Responsibility for Direction of the Proceeding

33

(1)

Comment

34

(1)

15. Dismissal and Default Judgment

34

(2)

Comment

35

(1)

16. Access to Information and Evidence

36

(2)

Comment

37

(1)

17. Sanctions

38

(1)

Comment

38

(1)

18. Evidentiary Privileges and Immunities

39

(1)

Comment

39

(1)

19. Oral and Written Presentations

40

(1)

Comment

40

(1)

20. Public Proceedings

41

(1)

Comment

41

(1)

21. Burden and Standard of Proof

42

(1)

Comment

42

(1)

22. Responsibility for Determinations of Fact and Law

42

(2)

Comment

43

(1)

23. Decision and Reasoned Explanation

44

(1)

Comment

44

(1)

24. Settlement

44

(1)

Comment

45

(1)

25. Costs

45

(1)

Comment

46

(1)

26. Immediate Enforceability of Judgments

46

(1)

Comment

46

(1)

27. Appeal

47

(1)

Comment

47

(1)

28. Lis Pendens and Res Judicata

47

(1)

Comment

48

(1)

29. Effective Enforcement

48

(1)

Comment

48

(1)

30. Recognition

48

(1)

Comment

49

(1)

31. International Judicial Cooperation

49

(51)

Comment

49

(2)

PRINCIPLES OF TRANSNATIONAL CIVIL PROCEDURE (with commentary), French Version

51

(48)

APPENDIX: REPORTERS' STUDY

99

(1)

RULES OF TRANSNATIONAL CIVIL PROCEDURE (with commentary)

100

(57)

Rule

A. Interpretation and Scope

1. Standards of Interpretation

100

(1)

Comment

100

(1)

2. Disputes to Which These Rules Apply

100

(1)

Comment

101

(2)

B. Jurisdiction, Joinder, and Venue

3. Forum and Territorial Competence

103

(1)

Comment

103

(1)

4. Jurisdiction Over Parties

103

(1)

Comment

104

(1)

5. Multiple Claims and Parties; Intervention

105

(1)

Comment

105

(1)

6. Amicus Curiae Submission

106

(1)

Comment

106

(1)

7. Due Notice

107

(1)

Comment

107

(1)

8. Languages

108

(1)

Comment

108

(1)

C. Composition and Impartiality of the Court

9. Composition of the Court

108

(1)

Comment

109

(1)

10. Impartiality of the Court

109

(1)

Comment

109

(1)

D. Pleading Stage

Commencement of the Proceeding and Notice

110

(1)

Comment

110

(1)

12. Statement of Claim (Complaint)

111

(1)

Comment

111

(1)

13. Statement of Defense and Counterclaims

112

(1)

Comment

113

(1)

14. Amendments

114

(1)

Comment

115

(1)

15. Dismissal and Default Judgment

116

(1)

Comment

116

(1)

16. Settlement Offer

117

(1)

Comment

118

(2)

E. General Authority of the Court

17. Provisional and Protective Measures

120

(1)

Comment

121

(2)

18. Case Management

123

(1)

Comment

124

(1)

19. Early Court Determinations

125

(1)

Comment

126

(1)

20. Orders Directed to a Third Person

127

(1)

Comment

128

(1)

F. Evidence

21. Disclosure

128

(1)

Comment

129

(1)

22. Exchange of Evidence

130

(1)

Comment

131

(3)

23. Deposition and Testimony by Affidavit

134

(1)

Comment

134

(2)

24. Public Proceedings

136

(1)

Comment

137

(1)

25. Relevance and Admissibility of Evidence

137

(1)

Comment

137

(2)

26. Expert Evidence

139

(1)

Comment

139

(2)

27. Evidentiary Privileges

141

(1)

Comment

141

(2)

28. Reception and Effect of Evidence

143

(1)

Comment

143

(1)

G. Final Hearing

29. Concentrated Final Hearing

144

(1)

Comment

144

(3)

30. Record of the Evidence

147

(1)

Comment

147

(1)

31. Final Discussion and Judgment

147

(1)

Comment

148

(1)

32. Costs

148

(1)

Comment

149

(1)

H. Appellate and Subsequent Proceedings

33. Appellate Review

150

(1)

Comment

151

(1)

34. Rescission of Judgment

152

(1)

Comment

153

(1)

35. Enforcement of Judgment

153

(1)

Comment

154

(1)

36. Recognition and Judicial Assistance

155

(1)

Comment

155

(2)

A Bibliography of Writings about the ALI/UNIDROIT Project

157

(6)

Index

163

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Principles of Transnational Civil Procedure

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials