Products Liability and Safety : Cases and Materials

, by Owen, David G.; Montgomery, John E.; Davis, Mary J.

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ISBN: 9781587782008 | 1587782006
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 7/14/2004

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This law school casebook provides detailed information on the subject of products liability and safety includes prominent new cases included on such topics as warning, design, causation, federal preemption, and toxic substances. Daubert issues and the Restatement of Products Liability have been integrated throughout. Explanatory materials designed for law study accompany the cases.

Preface to the Fourth Edition

Acknowledgments

vii

Table of Cases

xxxiii

An Introduction to Products Liability and Safety Law

(40)

The Social Problem of Dangerous Products

(11)

Final Report, National Commission on Product Safety

(6)

Notes

(1)

Final Report, National Commission on Product Safety

(3)

Notes

(1)

The Nature of Products Liability and Safety Law

(3)

Product Safety Law

(2)

Products Liability Law

(1)

Early Products Liability Law

(6)

Roman Law

(1)

J. Thomas, Textbook of Roman Law

(1)

Note

(1)

Justinian's Digest

(1)

Early English Law

(1)

Hamilton, The Ancient Maxim Caveat Emptor

(2)

Note

(1)

Early American Law

(2)

Note

(1)

Modern Products Liability Law

(20)

An Anatomy of Modern Products Liability Litigation

(1)

Interagency Task Force Study

(2)

Note

(1)

Insurance Industry Study

(1)

Notes

(1)

Department of Justice Study

(1)

Jury Verdict Research Study

(1)

Note

(1)

Winter, Jury Awards Soar as Lawsuits Decline on Defective Goods

(2)

Note

(1)

A Case Example

(1)

The Problem

(1)

Roberts, Circular Saw Design: A Hazard Analysis

(4)

Note

(1)

The Regulatory Response

(1)

Guarding of Portable Powered Tools

(1)

Note

(1)

Sticking Guards on Circular Saws Prompt Recall by Hitachi Koki USA

(1)

The Judicial Response

(1)

Cavanaugh v. Skil Corporation

(4)

Notes

(3)

PART I. Theories of Manufacturer Liability

(148)

Shapo, A Representational Theory of Consumer Protection: Doctrine, Function and Legal Liability for Product Disappointment

(2)

Negligence

(34)

The Privity Obstacle

(11)

D. Peck, Decision At Law

(5)

MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co

(3)

Notes

(1)

The Manufacturing Process: Fabrication and Quality Control

(11)

Jenkins v. General Motors Corp.

(3)

Notes

(2)

Posner, A Theory of Negligence

(1)

Notes

(1)

Ford Motor Co. v. Zahn

(2)

Notes

(2)

The Design Process: The Product Concept

(5)

Metzgar v. Playskool Inc.

(2)

Notes

(3)

The Marketing Process: Warnings and Instructions

(7)

Boyl v. California Chemical Co.

(4)

Notes

(2)

Tortious Misrepresentation

(17)

Fraud

(6)

St. Joseph Hospital v. Corbetta Construction Co.

(3)

Notes

(3)

Negligent Misrepresentation

(2)

Notes

(1)

Strict Liability for Misrepresentation

(9)

Baxter v. Ford Motor Co

(1)

Note

(1)

Restatement (Second) of Torts (1965)

(1)

Hauter v. Zogarts

(4)

Notes

(3)

Warranty

(61)

Express Warranty

(11)

Lane v. C.A. Swanson & Sons

(3)

Uniform Commercial Code

(1)

Notes

(2)

Stang v. Hertz Corp

(1)

Hauter v. Zogarts

100

(2)

Notes

102

(3)

Implied Warranty of Merchantability

105

(9)

Prosser, The Implied Warranty of Merchantable Quality

105

(2)

Uniform Commercial Code

107

(1)

Note

108

(1)

J. White & R. Summers, Uniform Commercial Code

108

(1)

Note

109

(1)

Maybank v. S.S. Kresge

110

(1)

Notes

111

(3)

Implied Warranty of Fitness for Particular Purpose

114

(4)

Uniform Commercial Code

114

(1)

Barb v. Wallace

114

(1)

Notes

115

(3)

Parties and Privity: Proper Defendants and Third Party Beneficiaries

118

(10)

Vertical Privity

118

(2)

Notes

120

(1)

Horizontal Privity

120

(1)

Uniform Commercial Code

121

(1)

Lukwinski v. Stone Container Corporation

122

(4)

Notes

126

(2)

Contractual Limitations on Responsibility

128

(27)

The Problem and Judicial Solution

128

(1)

Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc.

128

(4)

Note

132

(1)

Disclaimers Under the UCC

132

(1)

Uniform Commercial Code

132

(1)

Notes

133

(1)

Dorman v. International Harvester Co

134

(4)

Notes

138

(3)

Limitations Under the UCC

141

(1)

Uniform Commercial Code

141

(1)

Note

141

(1)

McCarty v. E.J. Korvette, Inc

141

(4)

Notes

145

(1)

Ford Motor Co. v. Moulton

146

(3)

Notes

149

(1)

Statutory Reform

150

(1)

Rothschild, The Magnuson--Moss Warranty Act: Does It Balance Warrantor and Consumer Interests?

151

(2)

Notes

153

(2)

Strict Liability in Tort

155

(34)

Development

155

(22)

James, Products Liability (Pt. 2)

155

(1)

Note

155

(1)

Escola v. Coca Cola Bottling Co.

156

(2)

Note

158

(1)

Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc

159

(1)

Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc

159

(3)

Priest, The Invention of Enterprise Liability: A Critical History of the Intellectual Foundations of Modern Tort Law

162

(1)

Note

163

(1)

Restatement (Second) of Torts (1965)

163

(2)

Notes

165

(1)

Phipps v. General Motors Corp.

165

(5)

Notes

170

(1)

Denny v. Ford Motor Co

171

(1)

Notes

172

(5)

Rationales

177

(12)

The Moral Foundations of Products Liability Law

178

(1)

Note

179

(1)

Montgomery & Owen, Reflections on the Theory and Administration of Strict Tort Liability for Defective Products

179

(1)

Notes

180

(1)

Klemme, The Enterprise Liability Theory of Torts

181

(1)

Notes

182

(1)

M. Rahdert, Covering Accident Costs

182

(2)

Note

184

(1)

First National Bank v. Nor-Am Agricultural Products, Inc

185

(1)

Notes

185

(4)

PART II. The Concept of Defectiveness

189

(361)

Manufacturing Defects

191

(39)

Defect Tests

191

(4)

Magnuson v. Kelsey-Hayes Co.

191

(1)

Notes

192

(2)

The Morality of Strict Liability for Production Flaws

194

(1)

Proof---Generally

195

(13)

Pouncey v. Ford Motor Co

195

(4)

Notes

199

(2)

Ducko v. Chrysler Motors Corp

201

(3)

Notes

204

(4)

Proof---Expert Testimony

208

(11)

Expert Testimony and the Rule in Daubert

208

(2)

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals

210

(2)

Daubert's Progeny

212

(3)

Booth v. Black & Decker, Inc.

215

(2)

Rudd v. General Motors Corp.

217

(1)

Notes

218

(1)

Food and Drink

219

(11)

Jackson v. Nestle--Beich, Inc

219

(4)

Notes

223

(2)

Shoshone Coca-Cola Bottling Co. v. Dolinski

225

(1)

Notes

226

(4)

Design Defects

230

(79)

In General

231

(6)

Matthews v. Lawnlite Co.

231

(1)

McCormack v. Hankscraft Co.

232

(3)

Note

235

(1)

Design Safety and Theories of Liability

236

(1)

Note

237

(1)

Defect Tests

237

(45)

Consumer Expectations

238

(1)

R. Pound, Social Control Through Law

238

(1)

Corbin on Contracts

238

(1)

Note

239

(1)

Vincer v. Esther Williams All--Aluminum Swimming Pool Co.

239

(2)

Notes

241

(3)

Problems With the Consumer Expectations Test

244

(1)

Notes

245

(2)

Risk--Utility

247

(1)

Nichols v. Union Underwear Co.

248

(2)

Note

250

(1)

Sperry-New Holland v. Prestage

250

(3)

Notes

253

(1)

Design Defectiveness: The Risk-Utility Test

253

(3)

Notes

256

(5)

Alternative Tests

261

(1)

The Birth of ``Defective Condition Unreasonably Dangerous''

262

(2)

Notes

264

(1)

Cronin v. J.B.E. Olson Corp.

264

(1)

Notes

265

(3)

Barker v. Lull Engineering Co.

268

(2)

Notes

270

(1)

Soule v. General Motors Corp

271

(4)

Restatement (3d) of Torts: Products Liability § 2(b) (1998)

275

(1)

Notes

275

(3)

Potter v. Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company

278

(4)

Notes

282

(1)

Proof---Generally

282

(18)

Knitz v. Minster Machine Co.

282

(10)

Notes

292

(8)

Proof---Expert Testimony

300

(9)

Calhoun v. Yamaha Motor Corp.

301

(5)

Notes

306

(3)

Warning Defects

309

(51)

In General

311

(12)

Lewis v. Sea Ray Boats, Inc.

311

(5)

Notes

316

(7)

Defect Tests

323

(4)

Olson v. Prosoco, Inc.

323

(2)

Notes

325

(2)

Warning Methods

327

(14)

Meyerhoff v. Michelin Tire Corp

327

(5)

Notes

332

(9)

Delegation of Warning Obligation

341

(9)

Higgins v. E.I. Dupont de Nemours & Co.

341

(4)

Notes

345

(5)

Prescription Drugs

350

(10)

Notes

351

(9)

Regulating Defectiveness

360

(52)

Direct Agency Regulation

360

(21)

Southland Mower Co. v. Consumer Product Safety Commission

360

(11)

Notes

371

(10)

The Effect of Regulation on Private Litigation

381

(31)

Evidentiary Effect of Violation or Compliance

381

(2)

Preemption

383

(3)

Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc.

386

(8)

Notes

394

(2)

Geier v. American Honda Motor Company

396

(11)

Notes

407

(5)

Limiting Defectiveness: User Choice

412

(60)

The Limits of Law

412

(1)

Obvious Dangers

413

(15)

Campo v. Scofield

413

(1)

Micallef v. Miehle Co.

414

(3)

Notes

417

(1)

Belling v. Haugh's Pools, Ltd.

418

(1)

Notes

419

(3)

Laaperi v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.

422

(1)

Note

423

(5)

Generic Risks: Product Category Liability

428

(30)

Bruner v. Anheuser-Busch, Inc.

430

(1)

Fraust v. Swift & Co.

431

(1)

Notes

432

(1)

McMahon v. Bunn-O-Matic Corp.

433

(5)

Notes

438

(1)

O'Brien v. Muskin Corp

439

(3)

Notes

442

(1)

Henderson & Twerski, Closing the American Products Liability Frontier: The Rejection of Liability Without Defect

443

(2)

Note

445

(1)

Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability §2

445

(1)

Note

446

(1)

Jordon v. K-Mart Corp

446

(1)

Notes

447

(1)

Hearn v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co.

448

(8)

Bogus, War on the Common Law: The Struggle at the Center of Products Liability

456

(1)

Notes

457

(1)

Misuse

458

(14)

Venezia v. Miller Brewing Co

458

(3)

Ellsworth v. Sherne Lingerie, Inc.

461

(1)

Moran v. Faberge, Inc.

462

(4)

Notes

466

(6)

Limiting Defectiveness: Passage of Time

472

(78)

Deterioration

472

(4)

Savage v. Jacobsen Manufacturing Co

472

(1)

Notes

473

(3)

Disposal and Destruction

476

(7)

High v. Westinghouse Electric Corp

476

(5)

Notes

481

(2)

State of the Art

483

(41)

Durable Products

484

(1)

Pontifex v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.

484

(1)

Bruce v. Martin-Marietta Corp

484

(2)

Boatland of Houston, Inc. v. Bailey

486

(5)

Notes

491

(1)

Toxic Substances

491

(1)

Beshada v. Johns--Manville Prod. Corp.

491

(6)

Responsibility for Unforeseeable Product Risks

497

(2)

Notes

499

(1)

Feldman v. Lederle Laboratories

500

(5)

Notes

505

(2)

Anderson v. Owens--Corning Fiberglas Corp

507

(3)

Notes

510

(4)

Sternhagen v. Dow Company

514

(2)

Vassallo v. Baxter Healthcare Corp

516

(5)

Green v. Smith & Nephew AHP, Inc

521

(2)

Notes

523

(1)

Intergenerational Harm

524

(7)

Grover v. Eli Lilly & Co

524

(5)

Notes

529

(2)

Post-Sale Duties

531

(10)

Ostendorf v. Clark Equipment Company

531

(7)

Notes

538

(3)

Statutory Repose

541

(9)

Zamboni v. Aladan Corp.

541

(5)

Notes

546

(4)

PART III. Causation

550

(75)

Cause in Fact

551

(34)

General Principles

551

(2)

Tests of Cause-in-Fact: Of But--for and Substantial Factor

551

(1)

Notes

552

(1)

Proof of Causation

553

(19)

Identifying the Defendant

553

(1)

Drayton v. Jiffee Chemical Corp

553

(3)

Notes

556

(3)

Sutowski v. Eli Lilly & Co

559

(4)

Notes

563

(1)

Establishing Causation: Sufficiency of the Evidence

563

(1)

Henderson v. Sunbeam Corp

563

(2)

Calhoun v. Honda Motor Co

565

(5)

Notes

570

(2)

The Special Problem of Warnings and Reliance

572

(13)

Greiner v. Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft

573

(2)

Notes

575

(2)

Nissen Trampoline Co. v. Terre Haute First Nat'l Bank

577

(2)

Notes

579

(6)

Proximate Cause

585

(40)

Duty and Foreseeability Limitations on Liability

586

(10)

Crankshaw v. Piedmont Driving Club, Inc.

587

(1)

Notes

587

(2)

Winnett v. Winnett

589

(1)

Richelman v. Kewanee Machinery & Conveyor Co.

590

(1)

Notes

591

(5)

Intervening Causes

596

(29)

Dugan v. Sears, Roebuck & Co

596

(3)

Anderson v. Dreis & Krump Manufacturing Corp

599

(7)

Notes

606

(7)

Price v. Blaine Kern Artista, Inc.

613

(3)

Williams v. RCA Corp

616

(2)

In Re September 11 Litigation

618

(3)

Notes

621

(2)

Mini-Problems

623

(2)

PART IV. Defenses and Damages

625

(110)

Defenses Based on Plaintiff's Conduct

625

(43)

Contributory and Comparative Negligence

625

(23)

Reed v. Carlyle & Martin, Inc.

625

(2)

Parris v. M.A. Bruder & Sons, Inc.

627

(1)

Notes

628

(3)

McCown v. International Harvester Co.

631

(2)

Note

633

(1)

Madonna v. Harley Davidson, Inc

634

(1)

Notes

635

(1)

Daly v. General Motors Corp.

636

(6)

Notes

642

(1)

General Motors Corporation v. Sanchez

643

(2)

Coulter v. American Bakeries Co

645

(1)

Notes

646

(2)

Assumption of Risk

648

(16)

Moran v. Raymond Corp

648

(3)

Notes

651

(2)

Bowen v. Cochran

653

(2)

Notes

655

(2)

Johnson v. Clark Equipment Co.

657

(3)

Notes

660

(4)

Misuse

664

(4)

Note

665

(1)

Mini-Problems: Consumer Misconduct

666

(2)

Damages

668

(67)

Personal Injury and Death

668

(6)

Anderson v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.

668

(4)

Notes

672

(2)

Emotional Distress

674

(13)

Kroger Co. v. Beck

674

(2)

Notes

676

(2)

Khan v. Shiley Inc.

678

(4)

Notes

682

(1)

Pearsall v. Emhart Industries, Inc.

683

(2)

Notes

685

(2)

Economic Loss and Property Damage

687

(11)

Cooperative Power Assn. v. Westinghouse Electric Corp.

687

(4)

Casa Clara Condominium Ass'n, Inc. v. Charley Toppino & Sons, Inc.

691

(5)

Notes

696

(2)

Punitive Damages

698

(37)

Gryc v. Dayton-Hudson Corp.

698

(7)

Note

705

(2)

Acosta v. Honda Motor Co

707

(7)

Notes

714

(2)

Henley v. Philip Morris Inc.

716

(11)

Notes

727

(8)

PART V. Special Types of Defendants, Products, and Transactions

735

(126)

Special Types of Defendants

736

(78)

Retailers, Wholesalers, and Distributors

737

(6)

Zamora v. Mobil Corp.

737

(3)

Notes

740

(3)

Component Part Manufacturers

743

(8)

City of Franklin v. Badger Ford Truck Sales, Inc.

743

(1)

Lee v. Butcher Boy

744

(1)

Apperson v. E.I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co

745

(4)

Notes

749

(2)

The Federal Government

751

(7)

Berkovitz v. United States

751

(6)

Notes

757

(1)

Government Contractors

758

(7)

Kerstetter v. Pacific Scientific Co

758

(5)

Notes

763

(2)

Parent and Apparent Manufacturers

765

(10)

Fletcher v. Atex, Inc.

765

(8)

Notes

773

(2)

Certifiers and Endorsers

775

(3)

Hanberry v. Hearst Corp.

775

(2)

Notes

777

(1)

Successor Corporations

778

(5)

Guzman v. MRM/Elgin

778

(3)

Notes

781

(2)

Employers

783

(4)

Employers as Manufacturers: Product Safety in the Industrial Setting

783

(3)

Notes

786

(1)

Allocating Responsibility and Loss: Contribution and Indemnity

787

(27)

In General

787

(1)

Phillips, Contribution and Indemnity in Products Liability

788

(2)

Indemnity and Contribution

790

(1)

DiGregorio v. Champlain Valley Fruit Co

790

(2)

Notes

792

(2)

Promaulayko v. Johns Manville Sales Corp

794

(4)

Notes

798

(3)

Work-Related Injuries

801

(1)

Eaton, Revisiting the Intersection of Workers' Compensation and Product Liability: An Assessment of a Proposed Federal Solution to an Old Problem

801

(6)

Notes

807

(1)

Partial Settlements

808

(1)

Cartel Capital Corp. v. Fireco Of New Jersey

808

(3)

Notes

811

(3)

Special Types of Products and Transactions

814

(47)

Leases and Bailments

814

(8)

Samuel Friedland Family Enterprises v. Amoroso

814

(4)

Notes

818

(1)

Keen v. Dominick's Finer Foods, Inc.

818

(3)

Notes

821

(1)

Services

822

(12)

Cafazzo v. Central Medical Health Services, Inc.

822

(5)

Notes

827

(4)

Rossetti v. Busch Entertainment Corp

831

(2)

Notes

833

(1)

Used Products

834

(6)

Jordan v. Sunnyslope Appliance Propane & Plumbing Supplies Company

834

(5)

Notes

839

(1)

Real Estate

840

(6)

Menendez v. Paddock Pool Construction Co.

840

(4)

Notes

844

(2)

Miscellaneous ``Products''

846

(15)

Latham v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

846

(2)

Note

848

(1)

Winter v. G.P. Putnam's Sons

849

(3)

Notes

852

(1)

Bryant v. Tri-County Electric Membership Corp

853

(5)

Notes

858

(3)

PART VI. Special Types of Litigation

861

(162)

Special Issues in Automotive Litigation

861

(61)

Crashworthiness

863

(26)

Burgos v. Lutz

864

(1)

Notes

865

(1)

Sumnicht v. Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc

866

(10)

Notes

876

(5)

Quintana-Ruiz v. Hyundai Motor Corp

881

(8)

Notes

889

(1)

Driver Fault

889

(10)

Lowe v. Estate Motors, Ltd

889

(9)

Notes

898

(1)

Punitive Damages

899

(14)

Grimshaw v. Ford Motor Co

899

(9)

Owen, Problems in Assessing Punitive Damages Against Manufacturers of Defective Products

908

(3)

Notes

911

(2)

Recall

913

(9)

United States v. General Motors Corp

914

(4)

Mitchell, Ford: Faulty Capri Wipers Safer Than Recall Hazards

918

(1)

Notes

918

(4)

Special Issues in Toxic Substance and Mass Tort Litigation

922

(101)

The Nature of Toxic Substance Litigation

923

(11)

Hensler & Peterson, Understanding Mass Personal Injury Litigation: A Socio-Legal Analysis

924

(3)

Borel v. Fibreboard Paper Products Corp

927

(6)

Notes

933

(1)

Judicial Administration

934

(40)

Weinstein, Ethical Dilemmas in Mass Tort Litigation

934

(1)

Aggregation Devices in Mass Tort Litigation

934

(1)

Schwarzer et. al., Judicial Federalism: A Proposal to Amend the Multi-District Litigation Statute * * *

935

(2)

Notes

937

(3)

Class Actions---Certification

940

(2)

Castano v. American Tobacco Co.

942

(11)

Notes

953

(6)

Amchem Products, Inc. v. Windsor

959

(10)

Notes

969

(1)

Class Actions---Management

969

(1)

Cimino v. Raymark Industries, Inc.

970

(4)

Notes

974

(1)

Causation

974

(34)

General Causation---The Capacity of the Agent to Cause Plaintiff's Disease

975

(1)

Black & Lilienfeld, Epidemiologic Proof in Toxic Tort Litigation

976

(4)

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

980

(2)

Notes

982

(5)

Specific Causation---Whether Plaintiff's Disease Was Caused by the Agent

987

(1)

In Re Agent Orange Product Liability Litigation

987

(8)

Notes

995

(3)

Identifying the Party Responsible for the Agent

998

(1)

Smith v. Eli Lilly & Co.

998

(7)

Notes

1005

(3)

Damages, Apportionment, and Miscellany

1008

(15)

Norfolk & Western Railway v. Ayers

1008

(7)

Notes

1015

(8)

Index

1023

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Products Liability and Safety : Cases and Materials

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials