Progress in Nickel Toxicology

The Third International Conference on Nickel Metabolism and Toxicology was held at the PLM St Jacques Hotel in Paris in September 1984, under the joint sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the Association of Clinical Scientists, and the Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA). The Paris Conference was attended by 150 participants from 19 countries, including many of the world's authorities on nickel in the areas of trace analysis, biochemistry, radiochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, pathology, immunology, industrial hygiene, epidemiology, occupational health and clinical medicine. The text of the Richard T. Barton memorial lecture and synopses of the scientific papers that were presented at the Conference are published in this volume, which provides a valuable reference for postgraduate and research workers in toxicology, clinical chemistry and pathology.

Introduction: 100 years of nickel toxicology; Muscle tumorigenesis by nickel compounds Carcinogenesis; In vitro study of Ni3S2-induced rhabdomyosarcomas in normal and polymyopathic hamsters; Effects of calcium and megnesium salts on nickel subsulfide carcinogenesis in Fischer rats; Nickel-induced malignant tumors; Tumor induction in rats after intrapleural injection of nickel subsulphide and nickel oxide; Electron microscopy of pulmonary lesions, including carcinoma, induced by inhalation exposure of rats to nickel oxide aerosol; Electron microscopic observations on leiomyosarcomas induced with nickel subsulfide; Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of nickel oxide, nickel sulfate and nickel subsulfide: design od study and characterization of nickel compounds; Alterations of human fetal kidney epithelial cells produced by nickel sulfate; Biological characterization of cells cultured from a sinonasal carcinoma of a former nickel worker; Incorporation of Ni3S2 and NiS into human embryonic pulmonary cells in culture; Toxicology X-ray microanalytical and autoradiographic detection of nickel in bacterial cells; Solubility of metallic nickel and nickel oxides in a biological fluid at different pH levels; An in vitro genotoxicity assay to complement in vivo inhalation studies and for occupational monitoring of metallic aerosols and welding fumes; Pulmonary deposition and clearance of inhaled nickel oxide aerosol; Comparative toxicity of nickel salts to the lung; Alveolar proteinosis induced in rats by long-term inhalation of nickel oxide Increased lipid peroxidationin liver, kidney and lung of NiCl2-treated rats; Effects of unilateral administration of nickel subsulfide to rats on erythropoietin concentrations in serum and in extracts of both kidneys; Further insights into mehanisms of nickel-induced DNA damage: studies with cultured rat liver cells; Relationships between nickel ingestion and calcium, magnesium and glucose in the rat; Critical review of the evidence for nickel(III) in animals and man; Left-handed structures of alternating purine-pyramidine polynucleotides induced by Ni2+ ions: an I R spectroscopy study; Activation of the calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase by nickel ions; Clinical pathology; Simultaneous determination of nickel and cadmium in whole blood by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometry: blood nickel and cadmium levels in the general population of Denmark; Square wave voltammetry: a new approach for the sensitive determination of nickel and cobalt in human samples; Hypernickelemia in hemodialysis patients; Serum and lymphocyte nickel and aluminium concentrations in patients with extracorporeal hemodialysis; The measurement of nickel in chronic renal failure; Serum nickel concentrations in patients with unstable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction; Urinary excretion of nickel and chrmium in workers of a steel foundry; External and internal nickel exposure of arc welders during one working week; Effects of NiCl2 and diethyldithiocarbamate on heme oxygenase, metallothionein, glutathione and trace metals in rat liver and kidney; The effect of nickel and manganese on natural killer cell activity; Nickel-induced occupational asthma: immunological and clinical aspects; Biological consequences of long-term exposure to orthopaedic implants; Cytology as a screening method in the detection of precancerous nasal mucosal changes in nickel workers; Occupational Exposures; Atmospheric monitoring of nickel-containing dusts at the INCO refinery in Clydach, Wales; The determination of occupational exposure to airborne dust containing nickel; NiPERA 82-06 air sampling method for inorganic nickel; Concentration du nickel et du chrome dans l''atmosphere des ateliers siderurgiques; Un nouvel appareil de prelevement de poussieres, le CI P10; Estimating past exposures to airborne nickel compounds in the Copper Cliff sinter plant; Mortality analysis in a Canadian sinter plant: a comparison of two cohorts