Prosody in Medieval English and Norse

How can we reconstruct the rhythms and cadences – the prosody – of past languages? Prosody in Medieval English and Norse approaches this problem by comparing two closely related languages with a long written history in the Middle Ages. Through a series of case studies on vowel reductions and alliterative verse forms, Kaster identifies important continuities in the internal rhythmic structure of words and explores the enduring role of the bimoraic trochee.

The main rhythmic building block of these languages, the bimoraic trochee, shapes both linguistic change and poetic structure. The bimoraic trochee played a defining role in the loss of many unstressed vowels that took place in English and Norse in the 6th and 7th centuries, and continued to influence vowel reductions in later English. In alliterative poetry, the bimoraic trochee explains previously opaque restrictions against using certain words in certain metrical contexts, especially the controversial Kaluza's law in Beowulf and Craigie's law in the Poetic Edda. Together, these case studies allow prosodic change and stability to be traced over time.

Nelson Goering, FWO Senior Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Ghent University

Nelson Goering grew up in the Ocooch 'Mountains' of southwestern Wisconsin, and has a DPhil from the University of Oxford. He has held a British Academy funded postdoctoral fellowship on Norse Influence on Middle English Prosody, in the course of which he published a number of articles on early Germanic foot structure and metrics. He is currently at Ghent University, working on his FWO-funded research project Little Words in Early Germanic. This project combines evidence from metrics, orthography, and sound change to better understand the synchronic and diachronic dimensions of phonological clitic developments in the early Germanic languages.

List of Tables
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations and Symbols
1. Introduction: Bones and the Beast
2. The Toolkit: Syllables, Moras, Feet, and Words
3. Rum, Ram, Ruf: The Prosody of Alliterative Verse
4. The Hēafudu-problem: Early Old English Foot Structure
5. The Sandwich Rule: Kaluza's Law and Resolution in Beowulf
6. Feet in Early Middle English: Ie-Reduction
7. Metrical Resolution in Early Middle English
8. Later Middle English Prosody
9. The Norse Syllable Controversy
10. Vowel Loss in Runic Inscriptions
11. Resolution in Fornyrðislag
12. The Constrained Position: Non-resolution and Craigie's Law
13. Conclusion: Bimoraism in Medieval English and Norse
Appendices
Bibliography
Note on Alphabetisation
Index of Verses
Index of Words
Index of Subjects