The Psychology of Behaviour at Work: The Individual in the Organization

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ISBN: 9781841695037 | 1841695033
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/18/2005

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"This authoritative introduction to organizational psychology and organizational behaviour builds on the foundations of the highly successful first edition. Complete with thoroughly updated explanations of key topics, helpful examples and end-of-chapter summaries, The Psychology of Behaviour at Work provides a critical yet highly accessible overview. Explanations of key research studies, alongside examples of human resources applications and an analysis of cross-cultural issues, lead the reader through theoretical complexities to practical applications." "An essential text for psychology students on work and organizational behaviour courses, The Psychology of Behaviour at Work will also be a valuable resource for students in related disciplines and for human resource managers eager to expand their knowledge of this important field."--BOOK JACKET.

Preface	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
What is organizational or work psychology?	p. 1
Assumptions and premises of work psychology	p. 6
What do work psychologists do?	p. 7
Professional accreditation	p. 8
What, then, is an organization?	p. 15
Terminological differences	p. 17
Management science, work psychology and common sense	p. 21
Knowledge about occupational psychology	p. 25
Evolutionary psychology in business	p. 33
Theories, laws and models in work psychology	p. 36
The direction of causality	p. 39
Conclusion	p. 51
The history of organizational psychology and the study of work psychology	p. 61
Introduction	p. 61
Different approaches to historical understanding	p. 64
Models of man approach to work psychology	p. 66
The great thinker perspective	p. 69
The time-band perspective	p. 84
The school of thought perspective	p. 88
The seminal study approach	p. 94
Integrating the different perspectives	p. 98
Conclusion	p. 99
Vocational choice, organizational selection and socialization	p. 107
Introduction	p. 107
Vocational choice and guidance	p. 108
Career typology	p. 111
Theories in vocational psychology	p. 112
Recruitment	p. 116
Person-job fit	p. 116
Expectancy theory and occupational choice	p. 126
Personnel selection	p. 129
Job analysis	p. 131
Organizational choice	p. 143
Organizational socialization	p. 144
Conclusion	p. 148
Personality and individual differences	p. 159
Introduction	p. 159
Six approaches to personality and individual differences at work	p. 163
Personality testing at work	p. 170
Trait theories of organizational behaviour	p. 171
The concepts of style and preference	p. 188
The biodata method	p. 196
Intelligence at work	p. 204
Self-esteem at work	p. 211
Why personality traits may not predict behaviour at work	p. 213
Conclusion	p. 216
Work-related attitudes, values and perceptions	p. 231
Introduction	p. 231
Do work attitudes predict behaviour at work?	p. 231
The theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour	p. 233
Work-related belief systems	p. 239
Social values and work	p. 257
Perceiving others at work	p. 261
Conclusion	p. 269
Work motivation and satisfaction	p. 277
Introduction	p. 277
The motivation to work	p. 280
Compensation, money and pay	p. 281
Personality and motivation	p. 285
Need theories	p. 286
Equity theories	p. 294
Value theories	p. 300
Reinforcement theories	p. 302
Expectancy theories	p. 306
Job facet theory and quality of working life	p. 313
Attributional style	p. 315
Comparison and integration of the different theories	p. 317
Motivation-enhancing techniques	p. 320
Work-related locus of control	p. 322
Measuring job motivation and involvement	p. 327
Work satisfaction	p. 329
Theories of the causes of job satisfaction	p. 331
Job satisfaction and life satisfaction	p. 332
Measuring job satisfaction	p. 339
Current issues	p. 339
Stress at work	p. 354
Introduction	p. 354
Theories and models in stress research	p. 358
Occupational stress	p. 363
The cause of stress	p. 365
The consequences of stress	p. 372
Health and safety at work	p. 375
The psychology of absenteeism	p. 376
Accident proneness	p. 379
Conclusion	p. 384
Cooperation, power and ethical behaviour in organizations	p. 394
Introduction	p. 394
Cooperation in organizations	p. 397
Conflict in organizations	p. 401
The conflict process	p. 402
Causes of conflict	p. 408
Structural solutions	p. 410
Conflict management	p. 411
Power and influence in organizations	p. 412
Organizational politics	p. 416
Group power	p. 419
Business ethics	p. 422
Conclusion	p. 428
Learning and training at work	p. 435
Introduction	p. 435
Education versus training	p. 439
Management literacy	p. 441
Theories of learning	p. 443
Observational learning: learning by modelling others	p. 445
Punishing and disciplining undesirable behaviour	p. 448
Current trends in training	p. 449
Developing a training strategy	p. 455
Motivating trainees	p. 458
Learning styles	p. 459
Training needs	p. 461
Measuring the effectiveness of training	p. 464
Conclusion	p. 468
Group dynamics	p. 477
Introduction	p. 477
What is a group?	p. 478
Group development	p. 481
Formal and informal groups	p. 483
Group characteristics	p. 485
The characteristics of an effective workgroup	p. 494
Teamwork	p. 496
Group diversity	p. 497
Individuals, teams and occupational success	p. 499
Benefits and drawbacks of working in groups	p. 505
Intergroup behaviour	p. 510
Women at work	p. 514
Diversity and discrimination at work	p. 515
Conclusion	p. 516
Decision-making	p. 525
Introduction	p. 525
Personal decision style	p. 531
How "rational" are human beings?	p. 534
Behavioural economics and money decisions	p. 541
Individual versus group decision-making	p. 543
Brainstorming	p. 545
Techniques to improve decision-making	p. 550
Group-think	p. 553
Group polarization when taking risky decisions	p. 556
Conclusion	p. 558
Leadership	p. 566
Introduction	p. 566
A historical review of approaches to leadership	p. 570
Followership and mutual influence	p. 593
Networking, negotiating and enabling	p. 595
Conclusion	p. 597
Culture at work	p. 608
Introduction	p. 608
Whence national differences?	p. 610
Corporate culture	p. 613
The problem of definition	p. 615
Dimensions, factors and other distinctions	p. 618
Classifying and categorizing culture	p. 620
The major impact of corporate culture on organizations	p. 626
Cultural dimensions and international management	p. 631
Assessing and measuring corporate culture	p. 632
Corporate climate	p. 635
The causes and consequences of climate	p. 639
Measuring climate	p. 643
Conclusion	p. 646
Organizational structure, change and development	p. 654
Introduction	p. 654
The uptake of innovation	p. 658
Teleworking	p. 659
Organizational charts	p. 661
Departmentalization	p. 666
Kinds of departments	p. 667
Centralization versus decentralization	p. 668
Big versus small: Over- versus understaffing	p. 671
The consequences of a poor structure	p. 672
Organizational change	p. 675
Factors associated with organizational change	p. 679
Characteristics of the change situation	p. 682
Reactions to change	p. 683
Organization development	p. 685
Assessment of change checklist	p. 690
Conclusion	p. 691
Working abroad	p. 700
Introduction	p. 700
Types of expatriates	p. 701
Culture shock	p. 706
The U-curve hypothesis	p. 710
Preparing, selecting, training, evaluating and repatriating managers	p. 715
Reducing expatriate stress	p. 721
Globalization and international relocation	p. 724
Coping with job transfers	p. 730
Managing cross-culturally	p. 733
Considerations for successful relocation	p. 741
Conclusion	p. 742
The future of work	p. 752
Introduction	p. 752
Optimism and pessimism	p. 754
Forecasting	p. 756
The changing nature of work	p. 760
Alternative work arrangements	p. 761
Forecasting the present: The view from 30 years ago	p. 765
Education and the future of work	p. 772
The limitations of past approaches	p. 773
The future of work psychology	p. 777
Conclusion	p. 778
Author Index	p. 787
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The Psychology of Behaviour at Work: The Individual in the Organization

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The Psychology of Behaviour at Work: The Individual in the Organization

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