- ISBN: 9781118978252 | 1118978250
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 1/11/2016
This text is an unbound, three hole punched version.
In the 13th edition of Psychology and the Challenges of Life: Adjustment and Growth, Binder Ready Version, 13th Edition authors Jeffrey Nevid and Spencer Rathus continue to reflect on the many ways in which psychology relates to the lives we live and the important roles that psychology can play in helping us adjust to the many challenges we face in our daily lives. Throughout, the authors explore applications of psychological concepts and principles in meeting life challenges such as managing our time, developing our self-identity, building and maintaining friendships and intimate relationships, adopting healthier behaviors and lifestyles, coping with stress, and dealing with emotional problems and psychological disorders.
Jeffrey S. Nevid and Spencer A. Rathus are the authors of Psychology and the Challenges of Life: Adjustment and Growth, Binder Ready Version, 13th Edition, published by Wiley.
1 Psychology and the Challenges of Life 2
Psychology and Adjustment 7
Adjustment and Modern Life: Cell Phone Nation: A Blessing or a Curse? 8
Touchpoints in Our Study of Adjustment 9
Adjustment and Personal Growth: Two Aspects of the Psychology of Adjustment 9
Nature versus Nurture: Is Biology Destiny? 9
The Clinical Approach versus the Healthy-Personality Approach 10
Adjustment and Modern Life: What Makes People Happy? 11
Human Diversity and Adjustment 12
Ethnic Diversity 12
Adjustment and Modern Life: Who We Are Today, Who We Will Be Tomorrow 13
Gender 14
Other Meanings of Diversity 14
Critical Thinking and Adjustment 15
Features of Critical Thinking 16
Thinking Critically About Astrology and Other Pseudosciences 17
Thinking Critically About Self-Help Books: Are There Any Quick Fixes? 19
Thinking Critically When Surfing Online 20
How Psychologists Study Adjustment 21
The Scientific Method: Putting Ideas to the Test 22
Including Women and Members of Diverse Ethnic Groups in Research 23
Methods of Research 23
The Case Study Method 23
The Survey Method 24
The Naturalistic Observation Method 25
The Correlational Method: Seeing What Goes Up and What Comes Down 25
Self-Assessment: Dare You Say What You Think? The Social Desirability Scale 27
The Experimental Method: Trying Things Out 28
Adjustment and Modern Life: Do U Txt? LOL. (Of course you do.) 30
Testing Your Texting Skills 31
Becoming a Successful Student—in This and Your Other Courses 32
Adjustment and Modern Life: Multitasking: In a Word, When Studying, Don’t 34
Recite 36
Reflect 37
2 Personality 40
Psychodynamic Theories 42
Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Personality 42
The Geography of the Mind 42
Structure of Personality 43
Stages of Psychosexual Development 45
A Closer Look: Sigmund Freud 45
Other Psychodynamic Theorists 46
Carl Jung 47
Alfred Adler 47
Karen Horney 47
Erik H. Erikson 48
A Closer Look: Erik Erikson—“Who Am I, Really?” 48
The Healthy Personality 49
The Abilities to Love and to Work 49
Ego Strength 50
A Creative Self 50
Compensation for Feelings of Inferiority 50
Erikson’s Positive Outcomes 50
Evaluation of Psychodynamic Approaches 50
Learning Theories 51
Behaviorism 52
Classical Conditioning: Learning by Association 52
Conditioning of Fears 53
Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery 54
Operant Conditioning: Learning by Consequences 54
Types of Reinforcers 55
Punishment 55
A Closer Look: B. F. (Burrhus Frederic) Skinner 56
Social-Cognitive Theory 57
Competencies: What Can You Do? 57
Encoding Strategies: How Do You See It? 57
Expectancies: What Will Happen? 58
Self-Regulatory Systems and Plans: Getting from Here to There 59
The Healthy Personality 59
Self-Assessment: Will You Be a Hit or a Miss? The Expectancy for Success Scale 60 Evaluation of Learning Theories 61
Humanistic Theory 62
Abraham Maslow and the Challenge of Self-Actualization 62
The Hierarchy of Needs: What Do You Do When You’re No Longer Hungry? 63
Carl Rogers’s Self Theory 64
Self-Esteem and Positive Regard 64
The Healthy Personality 65
Evaluation of Humanistic Theory 65
Trait Theories 66
Hans Eysenck 66
The Five-Factor Model 67
Adjustment and Modern Life: Are You A Facebook Extravert? Or A Twitter Narcissist? 68
Adjustment and Modern Life: Does Facebook Know You Better Than Your Friends Do? 69
The Healthy Personality 69
Adjustment and Modern Life: Are Our Traits Imprinted in Our Genes? 70
Changing the Unchangeable: Is Biology Destiny? 70
Evaluation of Trait Theories 71
The Sociocultural Perspective 71
Individualism versus Collectivism 72
Sociocultural Factors and the Self 73
The Healthy Personality 74
Adjustment and Modern Life: Acculturation: A Double-Edged Sword? 74
Balancing Competing Cultural Demands 75
Coping Effectively with Discrimination 75
Becoming Acculturated without Losing Your Cultural Identity 75
Evaluation of the Sociocultural Perspective 76
Assessing Personality 76
Objective Personality Tests 76
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 77
Projective Personality Tests 78
The Rorschach Inkblot Test 78
The Thematic Apperception Test 78
Understanding Myself 79
Recite 80
Reflect 82
3 Stress: What It Is and How to Manage It 84
Sources of Stress 86
Daily Hassles: The Stress of Everyday Life 86
Life Changes: Are You Going Through Changes? 88
Self-Assessment: How Much Are You Stressed? 89
The Challenges of Acculturative Stress 90
Ethnic Identity as a Buffer Against Stress 91
Pain and Discomfort: Your Body’s Warning Signal 92
Endorphins 93
Coping with Pain 93
Frustration: When the Wall Is Too High 95
The Frustrations of Commuting 95
Psychological Barriers 96
Tolerance for Frustration 96
Conflict: “Darned If You Do, Darned If You Don’t” 96
Irrational Beliefs: Ten Doorways to Distress 97
The Type A Behavior Pattern: Burning Out from Within? 100
Environmental Stressors: It Can Be Dangerous Out There 100
Disasters: Of Fire and of Ice 100
Terrorism: When Our Sense of Security in Our Own Land Is Threatened 101
Noise: Effects of Living Life Loudly 101
Adjustment and Modern Life: Warning Signs of Trauma-Related Stress 102
Temperature: “Getting Hot Under the Collar” 103
Air Pollution: “Don’t Breathe the Air” 103
Crowding and Other Stresses of City Life 103
Personal Space 104
Psychological Moderators of Stress 105
Self-Efficacy Expectations: “The Little Engine That Could” 105
Psychological Hardiness—Are You Tough Enough? 105
Sense of Humor: “A Merry Heart Doeth Good Like a Medicine” 106
Predictability and Control: “If I Know What’s Coming, I Can Better Prepare for It” 106 Optimism: Is the Glass Half Full or Half Empty? 107
Self-Assessment: Are You an Optimist or a Pessimist? 107
Social Support: On Being in It Together 108
Managing Stress 109
Recite 114
Reflect 114
4 Psychological Factors and Health 116
Physical, Emotional, and Cognitive Effects of Stress 117
The Body’s Response to Stress 118
The General Adaptation Syndrome 118
Adjustment and Modern Life: “Fight or Flight” or “Tend and Befriend?” Understanding Gender Differences in Response to Stress 121
Emotional Effects of Stress 122
Cognitive Effects of Stress 123
Effects of Stress on the Immune System 123
Life Changes and Physical Health 124
Factors in Health and Illness 126
Human Diversity and Health: A Land of Many Nations 128
Psychological Factors in Physical Health Problems 132
Headaches: Pounding Away 132
Muscle‐Tension Headache 132
Migraine Headache 133
Headache Treatment 133
Menstrual Problems 134
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) 134
Coping with Menstrual Discomfort 135
Coronary Heart Disease: Taking Stress to Heart 135
Adopting Healthier Habits to Reduce the Risk of CHD 138
Modifying Type A Behavior 139
Cancer: Swerving Off Course 141
Risk Factors 141
Psychological Treatment of Cancer Patients 142
Prevention of, and Coping with, Cancer 143
Becoming an Active Health Care Consumer 144
Self-Assessment: Are You an Active or a Passive Health Care Consumer? 144
Recite 147
Reflect 148
5 Developing Healthier Behaviors 150
Nutrition: The Stuff of Life 151
Nutrients: Ingredients in a Healthful Diet 152
Proteins 152
Carbohydrates 152
Fats 153
Vitamins and Minerals 153
Adjustment and Modern Life: Eating Right on Campus 154
Obesity: Are We Losing the Battle of the Bulge? 155
Biological Factors 156
Psychosocial Factors 157
Adjustment and Modern Life: Texting Your Way to a Slimmer Figure 158
Taking It Off and Keeping It Off—Weight, That Is 158
Eating Disorders 162
Anorexia Nervosa 162
Bulimia Nervosa 163
Causes of Eating Disorders 163
Adjustment and Modern Life: How Do I Shape Up on Facebook? 164
Fitness: Run (at Least Walk) for Your Life 166
Types of Exercise 168
Effects of Exercise 168
Exercise and Physical Health 168
Exercise and Mental Health 169
Making Physical Activity a Part of Your Lifestyle 169
Sleep: A Time for Renewal 171
Self-Assessment: Are You Getting Your Zs? 172
Functions of Sleep 173
Insomnia: “When Sleep Eludes Us” 174
To Sleep, Perchance to Dream 175
Substance Abuse and Dependence: When Drug use Causes Harm 176
Substance Abuse and Dependence: Crossing the Line 178
Factors in Substance Abuse and Dependence 178
Depressants: Drugs That Slow You Down 179
Alcohol: The “Swiss Army Knife” of Psychoactive Substances 179
Adjustment and Modern Life: Binge Drinking on Campus 180
Self-Assessment: How Do You Know If You Are “Hooked?” 183
Opioids 183
Barbiturates 184
Stimulants: Drugs That Speed You Up 184
Nicotine 185
Amphetamines 186
Ecstasy: A Dangerous “Rave?” 187
Cocaine 187
Hallucinogens: Drugs That Twist You Inside Out 188
LSD and Other Hallucinogens 188
Marijuana 188
Adjustment and Modern Life: Internet Addiction 190
Finding Healthful Alternatives to Harmful Substances 190
Recite 193
Reflect 194
6 The Self in a Social World 196
The Self: The Core of Your Psychological Being 198
Your Physical Self: My Body, Myself 198
The Social Self: The Self You Show to Others 199
Your Personal Self—The Inner You 200
Adjustment and Modern Life: Hey Mom, What’s on Your Facebook Page? 200
What’s in a Name? 201
What Do You Value? 202
Adjustment and Modern Life: Ms. Rose, by Any Other Name, Might Still Be a Florist 202
Self-Assessment: Values Clarification—What Is Important to You? 203
Self‐Concept, Self‐Esteem, and Self‐Identity 204
Examining Your Self‐Concept 205
Adjustment and Modern Life: Your Self in Cyberspace: Which Self Is It? 206
Self‐Esteem 207
Self‐Identity and Identity Crisis 208
Identity Statuses 208
A Closer Look: Carl Rogers—A Case Study in Identity Achievement 211
Perception of Others 212
The Importance of First Impressions 212
Managing First Impressions 212
Body Language 213
Using Body Language to Foster Adjustment and Enhance Social Relationships 214
Prejudice and Discrimination 215
Sources of Prejudice and Discrimination 216
Combating Prejudice and Discrimination 217
Role Reversal: An Immunization Technique? 217
Intergroup Contact 218
Seeking Compliance with the Law 218
Self‐Examination 218
Raising Tolerant Children 219
Attribution Theory and Personal Adjustment 219
The Fundamental Attribution Error 220
The Actor‐Observer Effect 220
The Self‐Serving Bias 221
Cultural Differences in Attributional Biases 221
Enhancing Self‐Esteem 222
Recite 225
Reflect 226
7 Social Influence: Being Influenced by—and Influencing—Others 228
Persuasion: Of Hard Pushing, Soft Pedaling, and You 230
Factors in Persuasion 230
A New Model of Persuasion: You Take the Low Road, I’ll Take the High Road 230
The Persuasive Message: Say What? Say How? Say How Often? 232
The Persuasive Communicator: Whom Do You Trust? 232
The Context of the Message: Get ’Em in a Good Mood 233
The Persuaded Audience: Are You a Person Who Can’t Say No? 233
Sales Ploys: Saying No to Persuasive Sales Tactics 234
The Foot‐in‐the‐Door Technique 234
Low‐Balling 234
Bait‐and‐Switch 234
Countering Manipulative Sales Tactics 235
Group Influences: of Obedience, Conformity, and Mob Behavior 236
Obedience to Authority: Does Might Make Right? 236
The Milgram Studies: Shocking Stuff at Yale 236
On Truth at Yale 237
On Deception at Yale 238
Conformity: Do Many Make Right? 240
A Closer Look: Stanley Milgram: The Man Who Shocked the World 240
Seven Line Judges Can’t Be Wrong, Can They? The Asch Study 240
Factors Influencing Conformity 241
Getting Mobbed: Watch Out for the “Beast with Many Heads” 242
Altruism and Helping Behavior: Preventing the Social Fabric from Tearing 243
The Bystander Effect: Some Watch While Others Die 243
Bystander Intervention: Deciding to Help . . . or Not? 244
The Helper: Who Helps? 244
The Victim: Who Is Helped? 245
Becoming an Assertive Person (Winning Respect and Influencing People) 246
Adjustment and Modern Life: “Becoming Successfully Shy”: Bernardo Carducci in His Own Words 248
Recite 250
Reflect 250
8 Psychological Disorders 252
What are Psychological Disorders? 254
Criteria for Determining Abnormal Behavior 254
Classifying Psychological Disorders 255
Types of Psychological Disorders 256
Anxiety‐Related Disorders 257
Types of Anxiety‐Related Disorders 257
Phobias 258
Panic Disorder 260
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 260
Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder 261
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder 261
Causal Factors 263
Psychological Views 263
Biological Views 264
Dissociative and Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders 265
Types of Dissociative Disorders 266
Dissociative Amnesia 266
Dissociative Identity Disorder 266
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder 267
Causal Factors in Dissociative Disorders 267
Types of Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders 268
Conversion Disorder 268
Somatic Symptom Disorder 269
Causal Factors in Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders 269
Mood Disorders 270
Types of Mood Disorders 270
Major Depression 270
Bipolar Disorder 271
A Closer Look: Why Are More Women Depressed? 272
Is There a Thin Line Between Genius and Madness? 272
Causal Factors 272
Psychological Factors 273
Self-Assessment: Do Your Own Thoughts Put You Down in the Dumps? 274
Biological Factors 276
Adjustment and Modern Life: Does Facebook Pose a Risk to Your Mental Health? 277
Schizophrenia 278
Causal Factors 279
Genetic Factors 280
The Dopamine Theory of Schizophrenia 280
Personality Disorders 281
Types of Personality Disorders 281
Causal Factors 283
Helping a Friend in Crisis 284
Recite 286
Reflect 287
9 Therapies: Ways of Helping 290
Psychodynamic Therapies: Digging Deep Within 292
Traditional Psychoanalysis: “Where Id Was, There Shall Ego Be” 293
Free Association 293
Transference 294
Dream Analysis 295
Modern Psychodynamic Approaches 295
Humanistic‐Existential Therapies: Becoming Oneself 296
Client‐Centered Therapy: Removing Roadblocks to Self‐Actualization 297
Gestalt Therapy: Piecing It Together 298
Behavior Therapy: Adjustment is What You do 300
Fear‐Reduction Methods 300
Flooding 300
Gradual Exposure 300
Systematic Desensitization 301
Modeling 301
Aversive Conditioning 302
Operant Conditioning Procedures 302
The Token Economy 302
Social Skills Training 302
Biofeedback Training 302
Cognitive Therapies: Adjustment is What You Think (and Do) 303
Cognitive Therapy: Correcting Errors in Thinking 304
Rational‐Emotive Behavior Therapy: Overcoming “Musts” and “Shoulds” 305 Eclectic Therapy: Some of This, Some of That 306
Self-Assessment: Are You Making Yourself Miserable? The Irrational‐Beliefs Questionnaire 306
Group, Couple, and Family Therapy: When Therapy Goes Beyond the Individual 308
Group Therapy: We’re in This Together 308
Couple Therapy: When the Group Is the Couple 309
Family Therapy: When the Group Is the Family 309
Adjustment and Modern Life: Internet Counseling: Psychological Help May Be Only a Few Mouse Clicks Away 310
The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy 311
Is Therapy Effective? 311
Does Therapy Help Because of the Specific Method or Because of Nonspecific Factors? 312
Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs) 312
Psychotherapy and Human Diversity 313
Psychotherapy and Ethnic Minority Groups 313
African Americans 314
Asian Americans 314
Latino and Latina Americans 314
Native Americans 315
Feminist Psychotherapy 315
A Closer Look: Beverly A. Greene: In Her Own Words 315
Biomedical Therapies 316
Drug Therapy: In Search of the Magic Pill? 316
Antianxiety Drugs 317
Antipsychotic Drugs 317
Antidepressants 317
Lithium 318
Electroconvulsive Therapy 318
Psychosurgery 318
Evaluating Biomedical Therapies 319
Coping with Emotional Responses to Stress: Anxiety, Anger, and Depression 320
Recite 325
Reflect 326
10 Interpersonal Attraction: Of Friendship and Love 328
Attraction: The Force That Binds 330
Physical Attractiveness: How Important Is Looking Good? 330
Gender Differences in Perception of Attractiveness 332
Stereotypes of Attractive People: Do Good Things Come in Pretty Packages? 334
Culture and Attractiveness: Who’s Good-Looking? 334
The Matching Hypothesis: Who Is “Right” for You? 335
Adjustment and Modern Life: One Nation, Under Facebook, but Not for Everyone 336 Attraction and Similarity: Birds of a Feather Flock Together 336
Proximity: Seeing You Is Liking You 337
Reciprocity: If You Like Me, You Must Have Excellent Judgment 337
Sexual Orientation: The Direction of Erotic Attraction 337
Adjustment and Modern Life: Like Them on Facebook? Or Keep Them Guessing? 338
Sexual Orientation: Like the Colors of the Rainbow 338
Origins of Sexual Orientation 339
Attitudes Toward Gay Males and Lesbians 340
“Coming Out” 340
Adjustment of Gay Males and Lesbians 341
Adjustment and Modern Life: Ethnicity and Sexual Orientation: A Matter of Belonging 342
Friendship: “Gotta Have Friends” 344
Adjustment and Modern Life: Safe Social Networking in College 345
Love: Our Deepest Emotion 346
Styles of Love 346
Romantic Love in Contemporary Western Culture 347
The Love Triangle—That Is, the Triangular Model of Love 347
Romantic versus Companionate Love: Is Romantic Love Any Basis for a Marriage? 349
Self-Assessment: Has Cupid Shot His Arrow into Your Heart? Sternberg’s Triangular Love Scale 350
Coping with Loneliness 352
Recite 353
Reflect 354
11 Relationships and Communication: Getting from Here to There 356
The Abc(De)S of Relationships 357
A Is for Attraction 358
Adjustment and Modern Life: Twenty‐First‐Century Dating: Matches Made in (Cyber) Heaven 359
Guidelines for Safer Cyberdating 361
B Is for Building 361
The “Opening Line:” How Do You Get Things Started? 361
Exchanging “Name, Rank, and Serial Number” 362
Not‐So‐Small Talk: Auditioning for Love 362
Adjustment and Modern Life: Is Facebook Use a Threat to Your Grades? 363
Self‐Disclosure: You Tell Me and I’ll Tell You . . . Carefully 363
How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Post the Ways 364
C Is for Continuation 364
Trust 364
Caring 364
Mutuality: When the “We,” Not the “I’s,” Have It 365
Commitment 365
Jealousy 365
Equity 366
Get That Date! 366
D Is for Deterioration 367
Adjustment and Modern Life: They Say You Can’t Hurry Love . . . But How About Speed Dating? 367
Active and Passive Responses to a Deteriorating Relationship 368
E Is for Ending 369
Marriage 370
Whom Do We Marry? Are Marriages Made in Heaven or in the Neighborhood? 371
The Marriage Contract: A Way of Clarifying Your Expectations 372
Marital Satisfaction: Is Everybody Happy? 373
Adjustment and Modern Life: Emotional Intelligence: The Emotional Pathway to Success 375
Extramarital Affairs: On Truth and Consequences 376
Intimate Partner Violence 377
Self-Assessment: Do You Endorse a Traditional or a Liberal Marital Role? 378
Divorce 380
The Cost of Divorce 380
Adjustment and Modern Life: Dating Again? 382 Adjustment in Stepparent Families 383
Being Single 384
Cohabitation: “Would You Be My POSSLQ”? 386
Who Cohabits? 386
Why Do People Cohabit? 386
Styles of Cohabitation 387
Cohabitation and Later Marriage: Benefit or Risk? 387
Making Relationships Work 388
Recite 392
Reflect 393
12 Gender and Sexuality 394
Gender Roles and Gender Stereotypes: What Does it Mean to be Masculine or Feminine? 396
Adjustment and Psychological Androgyny: The More Traits the Merrier? 398
Adjustment and Modern Life: Acculturation and Changing Gender Roles—Rafael Javier in His Own Words 399
Challenges to Androgyny 400
Gender Differences: Vive la Différence or Vive la Similarité? 400
Gender Differences in Cognitive Abilities 401
Gender Differences in Personality and Social Behavior 402
Gender‐Typing: On Becoming A Woman or A Man 404
Biological Influences on Gender‐Typing: It’s Nature’s Way 405
Brain Organization 405
Psychosocial Influences on Gender‐Typing 406
Psychodynamic Theory 406
Social‐Cognitive Theory 407
A Closer Look: Jayne Thomas, Ph.D.—In Her Own Words 407
A Closer Look: Psychologist Jayne Thomas 408
Gender‐Schema Theory 408
The Biological Basis of Sex 410
Female Sexual Anatomy 410
Male Sexual Anatomy 412
Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior 413
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle 413
Organizing and Activating Effects of Sex Hormones 413
Sexual Behavior and Response 414
Varieties of Sexual Expression 414
Values and Sexual Expression 415
Methods of Contraception 415
The Sexual Response Cycle 417
Excitement Phase 418
Plateau Phase 418
Adjustment and Modern Life: “Cybersex Addiction”—A New Adjustment Problem 418
Self-Assessment: Warning Signs of Cybersex Addiction 420
Orgasmic Phase 420
Resolution Phase 420
Sexual Dysfunctions 422
Types of Sexual Dysfunctions 422
Causes of Sexual Dysfunctions 423
Biological Causes 423
Psychological Causes 424
Sociocultural Causes 425
Sex Therapy 425
Rape 426
Why Do Men Rape Women? 428
Myths About Rape 429
Preventing Rape 429
Self-Assessment: Cultural Myths That Create a Climate That Supports Rape 431
Practicing Healthier Behaviors to Prevent the Spread of Hiv/Aids and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases 432
Recite 437
Reflect 438
13 Adolescent and Adult Development: Going Through Changes 440
Adolescence 442
Physical Changes of Adolescence 442
Puberty 443
Cognitive Development 443
Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage 444
Adolescent Egocentrism: “You Just Don’t Understand!” 444
Social and Personality Development 445
The Quest for Independence: “I Gotta Be Me” 445
Adolescent Adjustment—Sometimes a Risky Business 446
Ego Identity versus Role Diffusion 446
Adolescent Sexual Adjustment 447
Self-Assessment: What’s Your Identity Status? 448
Young And Middle Adulthood 449
Physical Development during Adulthood 450
Reaching Our Peak 450
Menopause 451
What About Men? Is There a Manopause? 452
Cognitive Development 453
Social and Personality Development 453
Making Your Way in the World: The Challenges of Young Adulthood 454
Children: To Have or Not to Have 455
Becoming an Authoritative Parent: Rearing Competent Children 456
Types of Parenting Styles 456
Adjustment and Modern Life: Childbirth Advice Is Just a Few Clicks Away 456
Becoming an Authoritative Parent 457
Transitions to Mastery: Facing the Challenges of Midlife 458
Midlife Transition 458
The Midlife Crisis 459
Toward Mastery 459
Middlescence 459
The Empty‐Nest Syndrome 459
Late Adulthood 460
Physical Development 461
Sensory Changes 462
Changes in Lung Capacity, Muscle Mass, and Metabolism 462
Changes in Bone Density 462
Changes in Sexual Functioning 463
Cognitive Development 464
Keeping the Mind Sharp: The Seattle Longitudinal Study 464
Alzheimer’s Disease: The Long Goodbye 464
Aging, Gender, and Ethnicity: Different Patterns of Aging 465
Personality and Social Development 466
On Living Independently 467
On Retirement 467
On Psychological Well‐Being 468
On Death and Dying 468
Living Longer and Healthier Lives 471
Recite 472
Reflect 473
14 The Challenge of the Workplace 474
Career Development 476
Motives for Working 477
Stages of Career Development 478
Getting a Job 479
Writing a Résumé 479
The Cover Letter 482
How to Wow the Interviewer! 484
Developmental Tasks in Taking a Job: How to Succeed in Business with Really Trying 484
Adjustment and Modern Life: Careers: What’s Hot, What’s Not 485
Adjustment In The Workplace 488
Job Satisfaction 488
What Determines Job Satisfaction? 489
Enhancing Job Satisfaction: Improving the Quality of Work Life Is Also Good Business 489
Adjustment and Modern Life: Challenges of a Changing Workplace 492
Work and Stress 494
The Role of the Worker 494
How to Cope with Stress on the Job 494
Burnout 495
Women In The Workplace 498
Why Do Women Work? 499
Women in the Workplace 500
The Earnings Gap 501
Sexual Harassment 502
Motives for Sexual Harassment 503
How Widespread Is the Problem? 503
Resisting Sexual Harassment 504
Finding A Career That Fits 506
Self-Assessment: What’s Your Career Type? Attend the Job Fair and Find Out! 508
Recite 509
Reflect 510
Name Index NI-1
Subject Index SI-17
References—Available online at www.wiley.com/college/nevid
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