- ISBN: 9780205183463 | 0205183468
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 9/26/2011
Where great science meets great teaching. At just fourteen chapters, Psychology: Core Conceptsprovides rich coverage of the foundational topics taught in most introductory courses. Psychology: Core Conceptsfocuses on a manageable number of core concepts (usually three to five) in each chapter, allowing students to attain a deeper level of understanding of the material. Learning is reinforced through focused application and critical thinking activities, and connections between concepts are drawn across chapters to help students see the big picture of psychology as a whole. The 7thedition features an enhanced critical thinking emphasis, with new chapter-opening "Problems" and new end-of-chapter critical thinking applications that promote active learning. Teaching & Learning Experience Personalize Learning -The new MyPsychLab delivers proven results in helping students succeed, provides engaging experiences that personalize learning, and comes from a trusted partner with educational expertise and a deep commitment to helping students and instructors achieve their goals. Improve Critical Thinking- Pedagogical features are designed to help students learn the problem-solving skills and critical thinking techniques of a good psychologist. Engage Students- In-text learning activities and the new MyPsychLab Video Series maintain student interest both in and out of the classroom. Explore Research -Current research reflects the most up-to-date psychological theories and applications. Understand Culture and Diversity- Cross-cultural, multicultural, and gender research is woven throughout the text to reflect the increasing diversity and global reach of psychology. Support Instructors -An Instructors Manual, Test Bank (both print and computerized), Interactive PowerPoints, the new MyPsychLab Video Series, Telecourse Videos, and a Telecourse Study Guide provide instructors with the ultimate supplements package. Note:MyPsychLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MyPsychLab, please visit:www.mypsychlab.comor you can purchase a valuepack of the text + MyPsychLab (at no additional cost). VP: 0205255000 / 9780205255009
Philip Zimbardo
Philip Zimbardo is internationally recognized as the “voice and face of contemporary American psychology” through his widely seen PBS-TV series, Discovering Psychology, his classic research, The Stanford Prison Experiment, authoring the oldest current textbook in psychology, Psychology and Life, in its 18th Edition, and his popular trade books on Shyness in adults and in children; Shyness: What it is, what to do about it, and The Shy Child. Past president of the American Psychological Association, and the Western Psychological Association.
Zimbardo has been a Stanford University professor since 1968 (now an Emeritus Professor), having taught previously at Yale, NYU, and Columbia University. He is currently on the faculty of the Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, and the Naval Postgraduate School at Monterey, CA. He has been given numerous awards and honors as an educator, researcher, writer, and service to the profession. Recently, he was awarded the Vaclav Havel Foundation Prize for his lifetime of research on the human condition. His more than 300 professional publications and 50 books convey his research interests in the domain of social psychology, with a broad spread of interests from shyness to time perspective, madness, cults, political psychology, torture, terrorism, and evil.
Zimbardo has served also as the Chair of the Council of Scientific Society Presidents (CSSP) representing 63 scientific, math and technical associations (with 1.5 million members), and now is Chair of the Western Psychological Foundation. He heads a philanthropic foundation in his name to promote student education in his ancestral Sicilian towns. Zimbardo adds further to his retirement list activities: serving as the new executive director of a Stanford center on terrorism -- the Center for Interdisciplinary Policy, Education, and Research on Terrorism (CIPERT). He was an expert witness for one of the soldiers in the Abu Ghraib Prison abuses, and has studied the interrogation procedures used by the military in that and other prisons as well as by Greek and Brazilian police torturers.
Noted for his personal and professional efforts to actually 'give psychology away to the public', Zimbardo has also been a social-political activist, challenging the U.S. Government's wars in Vietnam and Iraq, as well as the American Correctional System.
His new book has been a New York Times bestseller: THE LUCIFER EFFECT: UNDERSTANDING HOW GOOD PEOPLE TURN EVIL (Random House, 2007; see www.lucifereffect.org).
Robert L. Johnson
Robert Johnson, Ph.D., taught introductory psychology for 28 years at Umpqua Community College. He is especially interested in applying psychological principles to the teaching of psychology and in encouraging linkages between psychology and other disciplines. In keeping with those interests, Bob founded the Pacific Northwest Great Teachers Seminar, of which he was the director for 20 years. He was also one of the founders of Psychology Teachers at Community Colleges (PT@CC), serving as its executive committee chair during 2004. That same year he also received the Two-Year College Teaching Award given by the Society for the Teaching of Psychology. Bob has long been active in APA, APS, the Western Psychological Association, and the Council of Teachers of Undergraduate Psychology.
Aside from his contributions as coauthor of Psychology: Core Concepts, Bob is particularly proud of his articles in Teaching of Psychology. Recently he began a term as editor of The General Psychologist, the newsletter of the Society for General Psychology (Division 1 of APA). And, he is working on a book that brings to light what Shakespeare had to say about psychology.
Bob and his wife live on the North Umpqua River in Southern Oregon, where they can go kayaking in their front yard or bicycling in the valleys of the Cascade Mountains. In his spare time he likes making pottery and Thai curries.
Vivian McCann
Vivian McCann, a senior faculty member in Psychology at Portland Community College in Portland, Oregon, teaches a wide variety of courses, including introductory psychology, human relations, intimate relationships, and social psychology. Born and raised in the California desert just 10 miles from the Mexican border, she learned early on the importance of understanding cultural backgrounds and values in effective communication and in teaching, which laid the foundation for her current interest in teaching and learning psychology from diverse cultural perspectives. She loves to travel and learn about people and cultures, and to nurture the same passions in her students: She has led groups of students on three trips abroad, and in her own travels has visited 20 countries so far.
Vivian maintains a strong commitment to teaching excellence, and has developed and taught numerous workshops in that area. She currently serves on the APA’s Committee for Psychology Teachers at Community Colleges (PT@CC), and is an active member of the Western Psychological Association and APS. She is also the author of Human Relations: The Art and Science of Building Effective Relationships.
IN THIS SECTION:
1.) BRIEF
2.) COMPREHENSIVE
BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Chapter 1: Mind, Behavior, and Psychological Science
Chapter 2: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
Chapter 4: Learning and Human Nature
Chapter 5: Memory
Chapter 6: Thinking and Human Intelligence
Chapter 7: Development over the Lifespan
Chapter 8: States of Consciousness
Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
Chapter 10: Personality: Theories of the Whole Person
Chapter 11: Social Psychology
Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders
Chapter 13: Therapies for Psychological Disorders
Chapter 14: Stress, Health, and Well-Being
COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Chapter 1: Mind, Behavior, and Psychological Science
1.1 What Is Psychology – And What Is It Not?
Psychology: It’s More than You Think
Psychology Is Not Psychiatry
Thinking Critically about Psychology and Pseudopsychology
Psychology Matters: Using Psychology to Learn Psychology
1.3 What Are Psychology’s Six Main Perspectives?
Separation of Mind and Body and the Modern Biological Perspective
The Founding of Scientific Psychology and the Modern Cognitive Perspective
The Behavioral Perspective: Focusing on Observable Behavior
The Whole-Person Perspectives: Psychodynamic, Humanistic, Trait and Temperament
The Developmental Perspective: Changes Arising from Nature and Nurture
The Sociocultural Perspective: The Individual in Context
The Changing Face of Psychology
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Psychology as a Major
1.2 How Do Psychologists Develop New Knowledge?
Four Steps in the Scientific Method
Five Types of Psychological Research
Controlling Biases in Psychological Research
Ethical Issues in Psychological Research
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: The Perils of Pseudopsychology
Critical Thinking Applied: Facilitated Communication
Chapter Summary
Discovering Psychology Viewing Guide
Chapter 2: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
2.1 How Are Genes and Behavior Linked?
Evolution and Natural Selection
Genetics and Inheritance
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Choosing Your Children’s Genes
2.2 How Does the Body Communicate Internally?
The Neuron: Building Block of the Nervous System
The Nervous System
The Endocrine System
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: How Psychoactive Drugs Affect the Nervous System
2.3 How Does the Brain Produce Behavior and Mental Processes?
Windows on the Brain
Three Layers of the Brain
Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Dominance
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Using Psychology to Learn Psychology
Critical Thinking Applied: Left Brain vs. Right Brain
Chapter Summary
Discovering Psychology Viewing Guide
Chapter 4: Learning and Human Nurture
4.1 What Sort of Learning Does Classical Conditioning Explain?
The Essentials of Classical Conditioning
Applications of Classical Conditioning
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Taste Aversions and Chemotherapy
4.2 How Do We Learn New Behaviors by Operant Conditioning?
Skinner’s Radical Behaviorism
The Power of Reinforcement
The Problem of Punishment
A Checklist for Modifying Operant Behavior
Operant and Classical Conditioning Compared
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Using Psychology to Learn Psychology
4.3 How Does Cognitive Psychology Explain Learning?
Insight Learning: Köhler in the Canaries with the Chimps
Cognitive Maps: Tolman Finds out What’s on a Rat’s Mind
Observational Learning: Bandura’s Challenge to Behaviorism
Rethinking Behavioral Learning in Cognitive Terms
Brain Mechanisms and Learning
“Higher” Cognitive Learning
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Fear of Flying Revisited
Critical Thinking Applied: Do Different People Have Different “Learning Styles”?
Chapter Summary
Discovering Psychology Viewing Guide
Chapter 5: Memory
5.1 What Is Memory?
Metaphors for Memory
Memory’s Three Basic Tasks
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Would You Want a “Photographic” Memory?
5.2 How Do We Form Memories?
The First Stage: Sensory Memory
The Second Stage: Working Memory
The Third Stage: Long-Term Memory
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: “Flashbulb” Memories: Where Were You When…?
5.3 How Do We Retrieve Memories?
Implicit and Explicit Memory
Retrieval Cues
Other Factors Affecting Retrieval
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: On the Tip of Your Tongue
5.4 Why Does Memory Sometimes Fail Us?
Transience: Fading Memories Cause Forgetting
Absent-Mindedness: Lapses of Attention Cause Forgetting
Blocking: Access Problems
Misattribution: Memories in the Wrong Context
Suggestibility: External Cues Distort or Create Memories
Bias: Beliefs, Attitudes, and Opinions Distort Memories
Persistence: When We Can’t Forget
The Advantages of the “Seven Sins” of Memory
Improving Your Memory with Mnemonics
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Using Psychology to Learn Psychology
Critical Thinking Applied: The Recovered Memory Controversy
Chapter Summary
Discovering Psychology Viewing Guide
Chapter 6: Thinking and Intelligence
6.1 What Are the Components of Thought?
Concepts
Imagery and Cognitive Maps
Thought and the Brain
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Schemas and Scripts Help You Know What to Expect
6.2 What Abilities Do Good Thinkers Possess?
Problem Solving
Judging and Making Decisions
On Becoming a Creative Genius
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Using Psychology to Learn Psychology
6.3 How Is Intelligence Measured?
Binet and Simon Invent a School Abilities Test
American Psychologists Borrow Binet and Simon’s Idea
Problems with the IQ Formula
Calculating IQs “on the Curve”
IQ Testing Today
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: What Can You Do for an Exceptional Child?
6.4 Is Intelligence One or Many Abilities?
Psychometric Theories of Intelligence
Cognitive Theories of Intelligence
Cultural Definitions of Intelligence
Animals Can Be Intelligent–But Do They Think?
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Test Scores and the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
6.5 How Do Psychologists Explain IQ Differences Among Groups?
Intelligence and the Politics of Immigration
What Evidence Shows That Intelligence Is Influenced by Heredity?
What Evidence Shows That Intelligence is Influenced by Environment?
Heritability (Not Heredity) and Group Differences
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Stereotype Threat
Critical Thinking Applied: The Question of Gender Differences
Chapter Summary
Discovering Psychology Viewing Guide
Chapter 7: Development Over the Lifespan
7.1 What Innate Abilities Does the Infant Possess?
Prenatal Development
The Neonatal Period: Abilities of the Newborn Child
Infancy: Building on the Neonatal Blueprint
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Not Just Fun and Games: The Role of Child’s Play in Life Success
7.2 What are the Developmental Tasks of Childhood?
How Children Acquire Language
Cognitive Development: Piaget’s Theory
Social and Emotional Development
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: The Puzzle of ADHD
7.3 What Changes Mark the Transition of Adolescence?
Adolescence and Culture
Physical Maturation in Adolescence
Adolescent Sexuality
Neural and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
Moral Development: Kohlberg’s Theory
Social and Emotional Issues in Adolescence
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Using Psychology to Learn Psychology
7.4 What Developmental Challenges Do Adults Face?
Early Adulthood: Explorations, Autonomy, and Intimacy
The Challenges of Midlife: Complexity and Generativity
Late Adulthood: The Age of Integrity
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: A Look Back at the Jim Twins and Your Own Development
Critical Thinking Applied: The Mozart Effect
Chapter Summary
Discovering Psychology Viewing Guide
Chapter 8: States of Consciousness
8.1 How Is Consciousness Related to Other Mental Processes?
Tools for Studying Consciousness
Models of the Conscious and Nonconscious Minds
What Does Consciousness Do for Us?
Coma and Related States
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Using Psychology to Learn Psychology
8.2 What Cycles Occur in Everyday Consciousness?
Daydreaming
Sleep: The Mysterious Third of Our Lives
Dreaming: The Pageants of the Night
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Sleep Disorders
8.3 What Other Forms Can Consciousness Take?
Hypnosis
Meditation
Psychoactive Drug States
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Dependence and Addiction
Critical Thinking Applied: The Unconscious–Reconsidered
Chapter Summary
Discovering Psychology Viewing Guide
Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
9.1 What Motivates Us?
Why People Work: McClelland’s Theory
The Unexpected Effects of Rewards on Motivation
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Using Psychology to Learn Psychology
9.2 How Are Our Motivational Priorities Determined?
Instinct Theory
Drive Theory
Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Putting It All Together: A New Hierarchy of Needs
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Determining What Motivates Others
9.3 Where Do Hunger and Sex Fit into the Motivational Hierarchy?
Hunger: A Homeostatic Drive and a Psychological Motive
The Problem of Will Power and Chocolate Cookies
Sexual Motivation: An Urge You Can Live Without
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: The What and Why of Sexual Orientation
9.4 How Do Our Emotions Motivate Us?
What Emotions Are Made Of
What Emotions Do for Us
Counting the Emotions
Cultural Universals in Emotional Expression
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Gender Differences in Emotion Depend on Both Biology and Culture
9.5 What Processes Control Our Emotions?
The Neuroscience of Emotion
Arousal, Performance, and the Inverted U
Theories of Emotion: Resolving Some Old Issues
How Much Conscious Control Do We Have over Our Emotions?
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Detecting Deception
Critical Thinking Applied: Do Lie Detectors Really Detect Lies?
Chapter Summary
Discovering Psychology Viewing Guide
Chapter 10: Personality: Theories of the Whole Person
10.1 What Forces Shape Our Personalities?
Biology, Human Nature, and Personality
The Effects of Nurture: Personality and the Environment
The Effects of Nature: Dispositions and Mental Processes
Social and Cultural Contributions to Personality
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Explaining Unusual People and Unusual Behavior
10.2 What Persistent Patterns, or Dispositions, Make Up Our Personalities?
Personality and Temperament
Personality as a Composite of Traits
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Finding Your Type
10.3 What Mental Processes Help Shape Our Personalities?
Psychodynamic Theories: Emphasis on Motivation and Mental Disorder
Humanistic Theories: Emphasis on Human Potential and Mental Health
Social-Cognitive Theories: Emphasis on Social Learning
Current Trends: The Person in a Social System
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Using Psychology to Learn Psychology
10.4 What “Theories” Do People Use to Understand Themselves and Others?
Implicit Personality Theories
Self-Narratives: The Stories of Our Lives
The Effects of Culture on Our Views of Personality
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: The Personality of Time
Critical Thinking Applied: The Person-Situation Controversy
Chapter Summary
Discovering Psychology Viewing Guide
Chapter 11: Social Psychology
11.1 How Does the Social Situation Affect Our Behavior?
Social Standards of Behavior
Conformity
Obedience to Authority
Cross-Cultural Tests of Milgram’s Research
Some Real-World Extensions of the Milgram Obedience to Authority Paradigm
The Bystander Problem: The Evil of Inaction
Need Help? Ask for It!
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: On Being “Shoe” at Yale U
11.2 Constructing Social Reality: What Influences Our Judgments of Others?
Interpersonal Attraction
Loving Relationships
Making Cognitive Attributions
Prejudice and Discrimination
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Stereotype Lift and Values Affirmations
11.3 How Do Systems Create Situations that Influence Behavior?
The Stanford Prison Experiment
Chains of System Command
Preventing Bullying by Systematic Changes and Reframing
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Using Psychology to Learn Psychology
Critical Thinking Applied: Is Terrorism “A Senseless Act of Violence, Perpetrated by Crazy Fanatics”?
Chapter Summary
Discovering Psychology Viewing Guide
Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders
12.1 What Is Psychological Disorder?
Changing Concepts of Psychological Disorder
Indicators of Abnormality
A Caution to Readers
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: The Plea of Insanity
12.2 How Are Psychological Disorders Classified in the DSM-IV?
Overview of the DSM-IV Classification System
Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Schizophrenia
Developmental Disorders
Personality Disorders
Adjustment Disorders and Other Conditions: The Biggest Category of Them All
Gender Differences in Mental Disorders
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Shyness
12.3 What Are the Consequences of Labeling People?
Diagnostic Labels, Labeling, and Depersonalization
The Cultural Context of Psychological Disorder
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Using Psychology to Learn Psychology
Critical Thinking Applied: Insane Places Revisited—Another Look at the Rosenhan Study
Chapter Summary
Discovering Psychology Viewing Guide
Chapter 13: Therapies for Psychological Disorders
13.1 What Is Therapy?
Entering Therapy
The Therapeutic Alliance and the Goals of Therapy
Therapy in Historical and Cultural Context
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Paraprofessionals Do Therapy, Too
13.2 How Do Psychologists Treat Psychological Disorders?
Insight Therapies
Behavior Therapies
Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy: A Synthesis
Evaluating the Psychological Therapies
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Where Do Most People Get Help?
13.3 How Is the Biomedical Approach Used to Treat Psychological Disorders?
Drug Therapy
Other Medical Therapies for Psychological Disorders
Hospitalization and the Alternatives
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: What Sort of Therapy Would You Recommend?
13.4 How Do the Psychological Therapies and Biomedical Therapies Compare?
Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Psychological versus Medical Treatment
Schizophrenia: Psychological versus Medical Treatment
"The Worried Well" and Other Problems: Not Everyone Needs Drugs
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Using Psychology to Learn Psychology
Critical Thinking Applied: Evidence-Based Practice
Chapter Summary
Discovering Psychology Viewing Guide
Chapter 14: From Stress to Health, and Well-Being
14.1 What Causes Distress?
Traumatic Stressors
Chronic Stressors
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Student Stress
14.2 How Does Stress Affect Us Physically?
Physiological Responses to Stress
Stress and the Immune System
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Cognitive Appraisal of Ambiguous Threats
14.3 Who Is Most Vulnerable to Stress?
Type A Personality and Hostility
Locus of Control
Hardiness
Optimism
Resilience
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Using Psychology to Learn Psychology
14.4 How Can We Transform Negative Stress into Positive Life Strategies?
Psychological Coping Strategies
Positive Lifestyle Choices: A “Two-for-One” Benefit to Your Health
Putting It All Together: Developing Happiness and Subjective Well-Being
PSYCHOLOGY MATTERS: Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology
Critical Thinking Applied: Is Change Really Hazardous to Your Health?
Chapter Summary
Discovering Psychology Viewing Guide
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