Psychology of the Unconscious

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ISBN: 9780486424996 | 0486424995
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 1/27/2003

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In this, his most famous and influential work, Jung made a dramatic break with the Freudian psychoanalytic tradition. Rather than focusing on psychopathology and its symptoms, the Swiss psychiatrist studied dreams, mythology, and literature to define the universal patterns of the psyche. It foreshadows his development of the theory of collective unconscious.

Author's Note

xlvii

PART I INTRODUCTION

(5)

Relation of the Incest Phantasy to the Oedipus Legend

Moral revulsion over such a discovery

The unity of the antique and modern psychology

Followers of Freud in this field

The need of analyzing historical material in relation to individual analysis

Concerning the Two Kinds of Thinking

(34)

Antiquity of the belief in dreams

Dream-meanings psychological, not literal

They concern wish-fulfilments

A typical dream: the sexual assault

What is symbolic in our everyday thinking?

One kind of thinking: intensive and deliberate, or directed

Directed thinking and thinking in words

Origin of speech in primitive nature sounds

The evolution of speech

Directed thinking a modern acquisition

Thinking, not directed, a thinking in images: akin to dreaming

Two kinds of thinking: directed and dream or phantasy thinking

Science an expression of directed thinking

The discipline of scholasticism as a forerunner

Antique spirit created not science but mythology

Their world of subjective phantasies similar to that we find in the child-mind of to-day; or in the savage

The dream shows a similar type

Infantile thinking and dreams a re-echo of the prehistoric and the ancient

The myths a mass-dream of the people: the dream the myth of the individual

Phantastic thinking concerns wishes

Typical cases, showing kinship with ancient myths

Psychology of man changes but slowly

Phantastic thinking tells us of mythical or other material of undeveloped and no longer recognized wish tendencies in the soul

The sexual base

The wish, because of its disturbing nature, expressed not directly, but symbolically

The Miller Phantasies

(7)

Miss Miller's unusual suggestibility

Identifying herself with others

Examples of her autosuggestibility and suggestive effect

Not striking in themselves, but from analytic viewpoint they afford a glance into the soul of the writer

Her phantasies really tell of the history of her love

The Hymn of Creation

(38)

Miss Miller's description of a sea-journey

Really a description of ``introversion''

A retreat from reality into herself

The return to the real world with erotic impression of officer singing in the night-watch

The under-valuing of such erotic impressions

Their often deep effect

The succeeding dream, and poem

The denied erotic impression usurps an earlier transference: it expresses itself through the Father-Imago

Analysis of the poem

Relation to Cyrano, Milton and Job

The attempt to escape the problem by a religious and ethical pose

Contrast with real religion

Escape from erotic by transference to a God or Christ

This made effective by mutual transference: ``Love one another''

The erotic spiritualized, however

The inner conflict kept conscious by this method

The modern, however, represses the conflict and so becomes neurotic

The function of Christianity

Its biologic purpose fulfilled

Its forms of thought and wisdom still available

The Song of the Moth

(40)

The double role of Faust: creator and destroyer

``I came not to send peace, but a sword''

The modern problem of choice between Scylla of world-renunciation and Charybdis of world-acceptance

The ethical pose of The Hymn of Creation having failed, the unconscious projects a new attempt in the Moth-Song

The choice, as in Faust

The longing for the sun (or God) the same as that for the ship's officer

Not the object, however: the longing is important

God is our own longing to which we pay divine honors

The failure to replace by a real compensation the libido-object which is surrendered, produces regression to an earlier and discarded object

A return to the infantile

The use of the parent image

It becomes synonymous with God, Sun, Fire

Sun and snake

Symbols of the libido gathered into the sun-symbol

The tendency toward unity and toward multiplicity

One God with many attributes: or many gods that are attributes of one

Phallus and sun

The sun-hero, the well-beloved

Christ as sun-god

``Moth and sun'' then brings us to historic depths of the soul

The sun-hero creative and destructive

Hence: Moth and Flame: burning one's wings

The destructiveness of being fruitful

Wherefore the neurotic withdraws from the conflict, committing a sort of self-murder

Comparison with Byron's Heaven and Earth

PART II

Aspects of the Libido

127

(12)

A backward glance

The sun the natural god

Comparison with libido

Libido, ``sun-energy''

The sun-image as seen by the mystic in introversion

The phallic symbol of the libido

Faust's key

Mythical heroes with phallic attributes

These heroes personifications of the human libido and its typical fates

A definition of the word ``libido''

Its etymological context

The Conception and the Genetic Theory of Libido

139

(18)

A widening of the conception of libido

New light from the study of paranoia

The impossibility of restricting the conception of libido to the sexual

A genetic definition

The function of reality only partly sexual

Yet this, and other functions, originally derivations from procreative impulse

The process of transformation

Libido, and the conception of will in general

Examples in mythology

The stages of the libido: its desexualized derivatives and differentiations

Sublimation vs. repression

Splittings off of the primal libido

Application of genetic theory of libido to introversion psychoses

Replacing reality by archaic surrogates

Desexualizing libido by means of phantastic analogy formations

Possibly human consciousness brought to present state in this manner

The importance of the little phrase: ``Even as.''

The Transformation of the Libido. A Possible Source of Primitive Human Discoveries

157

(34)

An example of transition of the libido

Act of boring with forefinger: an infantile presexual activity

Similar activities in patient's early childhood

Outcome in dementia praecox

Its phantasies related to mythological products: a reproduction of the creations of antiquity

The freeing of libido from the nutritive to enter the sexual function

The epoch of suckling and the epoch of displaced rhythmic activity

These followed by the beginnings of onanistic attempts

An obstacle in the sexual zone produces regression to a previous mode

These regressions easier in earlier stages of humanity than now

The ethnological phantasy of boring

Examples

The production of fire

Its sexual significance

A substitute for coitus

The invention of fire-making then due to the need of supplying a symbol for the sexual act

The psychological compulsion for such transitions of the libido based on an original division of the will

Regression to incestuous

Prohibition here sends incestuous component of libido back to pre-sexual

Character of its application here

The substitution of Mother-Earth for the parent

Also of infantile boring

Leading then to discovery of fire

An example in Hindoo literature

The sexual significance of the mouth

Its other function: the mating call

The regression which produced fire through boring also elaborated the mating call

The beginnings of speech

Example from the Hindoo

Speech and fire the firstfruits of transformation of libido

The fire-preparation regarded as forbidden, as robbery

The forbidden thing onanism

Onanism a cheating of sexuality of its purpose

The ceremonial fire-production a substitute for the possibility of onanistic regression

Thus a transformation of libido ensues

The Unconscious Origin of the Hero

191

(42)

The cause of introversion

The forward and backward flow of the libido

The abnormal third

The conflict rooted in the incest problem

The ``terrible mother''

Miss Miller's introversion

An internal conflict

Its product of hypnagogic vision and poem

The uniformity of the unconscious in all men

The unconscious the object of a true psychology

The individual tendency with its production of the hero cult

The love for the hero or god a love for the unconscious

A turning back to the mother of humanity

Such regressions act favorably within limits

Miss Miller's mention of the Sphinx

Theriomorphic representations of the libido

Their tendency to represent father and mother

The Sphinx represents the fear of the mother

Miss Miller's mention of the Aztec

Analysis of this figure

The significance of the hand symbolically

The Aztec a substitute for the Sphinx

The name Chi-wan-to-pel

The connection of the anal region with veneration

Chiwantopel and Ahasver, the Wandering Jew

The parallel with Chidher

Heroes generating themselves through their own mothers

Analogy with the Sun

Setting and rising sun: Mithra and Helios, Christ and Peter, Dhulqarnein and Chidher

The fish symbol

The two Dadophores: the two thieves

The mortal and immortal parts of man

The Trinity taken from phallic symbolism

Comparison of libido with phallus

Analysis of libido symbolism always leads back to the mother incest

The hero myth the myth of our own suffering unconscious

Faust

Symbolism of the Mother and of Rebirth

233

(74)

The crowd as symbol of mystery

The city as symbol of the mother

The motive of continuous ``union''

The typical journey of the sun-hero

Examples

A longing for rebirth through the mother

The compulsion to symbolize the mother as City, Sea, Source, etc.

The city as terrible mother and as holy mother

The relation of the water-motive to rebirth

Of the tree-motive

Tree of life a mother-image

The bisexual character of trees

Such symbols to be understood psychologically, not anatomically

The incestuous desire aims at becoming a child again, not at incest

It evades incest by creating myths of symbolic rebirth

The libido spiritualized through this use of symbols

To be born of the spirit

This compulsion toward symbolism brings a release of forces bound up in incest

This process in Christianity

Christianity with its repression of the manifest sexual the negative of the ancient sexual cult

The unconscious transformation of the incest wish into religious exercise does not meet the modern need

A conscious method necessary, involving moral autonomy

Replacing belief by understanding

The history of the symbolism of trees

The rise of the idea of the terrible mother a mask of the incest wish

The myth of Osiris

Related examples

The motive of ``devouring''

The Cross of Christ: tree of death and tree of life

Lilith: the devouring mother

The Lamias

The conquering of the mother

Snake and dragon: the resistance against incest

The father represents the active repulse of the incest wish of the son

He frequently becomes the monster to be overcome by the hero

The Mithraic sacrificing of the incest wish an overcoming of the mother

A replacing of archaic overpowering by sacrifice of the wish

The crucified Christ an expression of this renunciation

Other cross sacrifices

Cross symbol possesses significance of ``union''

Child in mother's womb: or man and mother in union

Conception of the soul a derivative of mother imago

The power of incest prohibition created the self-conscious individual

It was the coercion to domestication

The further visions of Miss Miller

The Battle for Deliverance from the Mother

307

(34)

The appearance of the hero Chiwantopel on horseback

Hero and horse equivalent of humanity and its repressed libido

Horse a libido symbol, partly phallic, partly maternal, like the tree

It represents the libido repressed through the incest prohibition

The scene of Chiwantopel and the Indian

Recalling Cassius and Brutus: also delirium of Cyrano

Identification of Cassius with his mother

His infantile disposition

Miss Miller's hero also infantile

Her visions arise from an infantile mother transference

Her hero to die from an arrow wound

The symbolism of the arrow

The onslaught of unconscious desires

The deadly arrows strike the hero from within

It means the state of introversion

A sinking back into the world of the child

The danger of this regression

It may mean annihilation or new life

Examples of introversion

The clash between the retrogressive tendency in the individual unconscious and the conscious forward striving

Willed introversion

The unfulfilled sacrifice in the Miller phantasy means an attempt to renounce the mother: the conquest of a new life through the death of the old

The hero Miss Miller herself

The Dual Mother Role

341

(87)

Chiwantopel's monologue

His quest for the ``one who understands''

A quest for the mother

Also for the life-companion

The sexual element in the wish

The battle for independence from the mother

Its peril

Miss Miller's use of Longfellow's Hiawatha

An analysis of Hiawatha

A typical hero of the libido

The miraculous birth

The hero's birth symbolic because it is really a rebirth from the mother-spouse

The twofold mother which in Christian mythology becomes twofold birth

The hero his own procreator

Virgin conception a mask for incestuous impregnation

Hiawatha's early life

The identification of mother-nature with the mother

The killing of a roebuck a conquering of the parents

He takes on their strength

He goes forth to slay the father in order to possess the mother

Minnehaha, the mother

Hiawatha's introversion

Hiding in the lap of nature really a return to the mother's womb

The regression to the presexual revives the importance of nutrition

The inner struggle with the mother, to overpower and impregnate her

This fight against the longing for the mother brings new strength

The Mondamin motive in other myths

The Savior-hero the fruit of the entrance of the libido into the personal maternal depths

This is to die, and be born again

Hiawatha's struggle with the fish-monster

A new deliverance from the mother

And so again with Megissogwon, the Magician

The hero must again and again conquer the mother

Then follows his marriage with Minnehaha

Other incidents, his death: the sinking of the sun in the west

Miss Miller also reminded by Chiwantopel's longing of Wagner's Siegfried

Analysis of the Siegfried myth

The treasure-guarding dragon

The dragon the son's repressed longing for the mother

Symbolism of the cave

The separation from the mother, the hero's conquering of the dragon

The symbolism of the cup

Drinking from the mother

Cup of the blood of Christ

The resultant mysterious union of man

Profane interpretations of this mystery

The phallic significance of the serpent

The snake as representing the introverting libido

Self-procreation: or creation of the world through introversion

The world thus an emanation of the libido

The hero himself a serpent

The psychoanalytic treatment of regression

The hidden libido touched upon causes a struggle: that is, the hero fights the fight with the treasure-guarding dragon

The awakening of Brunhilda

Siegfried finding his mother: a symbol of his own libido

The conquest of the terrible mother brings the love and life-giving mother

The Sacrifice

428

Miss Miller's vision again

The paradoxical striving of the libido away from the mother toward the mother

The destroying mother becomes beneficent on being conquered

Chiwantopel a hero of words, not deeds

He has not that will to live which breaks the magic circle of the incestuous

His identification with the author, and her wish for the parents

The end is the devouring of the daughter's libido by the mother

Sexuality of the unconscious merely a symbol

Idle dreaming the mother of the fear of death

This downward path in the poetry of Holderlin

The estrangement from reality, the introversion leading to death

The necessity of freeing libido for a complete devotion to life

Otherwise bound by unconscious compulsion: Fate

Sublimation through voluntary work

Creation of the world through cosmic sacrifice

Man discovers the world when he sacrifices the mother

The incest barrier as the producer of thought

Budding sexuality drawing the individual from the family

The mind dawns at the moment the child begins to be free of the mother

He seeks to win the world, and leave the mother

Childish regression to the presexual brings archaic phantasies

The incest problem not physical, but psychological

Sacrifice of of the horse: sacrifice of the animal nature

The sacrifice of the ``mother libido'': of the son to the mother

Superiority of Christian symbol: the sacrifice, not only of lower nature, but the whole personality

Miss Miller's phantasy passes from sacrifice of the sexual, to sacrifice of the infantile personality

Problem of psychoanalysis, expressed mythologically, the sacrifice and rebirth of the infantile hero

The libido wills the destruction of its creation: horse and serpent

The end of the hero by means of earthquake

The one who understands him is the mother

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Psychology of the Unconscious

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Table of Contents

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