Pulling Against Gravity

In Pulling Against Gravity Donald Savoie, one of Canada's foremost authorities on regional public policy, offers a sweeping overview of the policy challenges faced by Frank McKenna as New Brunswick premier in the 1980s and 1990s. He documents McKenna's attempts at affecting changes that went to the very core of the province's economic and social life. Set against this backdrop, Pulling Against Gravity assesses the successes and failures of the McKenna years and beyond. This study is a must-read for students of federalism and all concerned about the future of Canada's Atlantic region.

Donald J. Savoie currently holds the Clement-Cormier Chair in Economic Development at l'Universite de Moncton and he is senior scholar at IRPP.

Foreword

i

Preface

iii

Introduction and Overview

1

(14)

Outline

7

(8)

THE SETTING

Pulling Against Gravity

15

(22)

Betrayed by Confederation?

16

(12)

The Region as a Supplicant

28

(9)

Dealing with the Supplicant

37

(26)

In the Beginning There was Duncan

38

(2)

Defining the Nation Through Government Initiatives

40

(5)

A New Approach for the Supplicant

45

(2)

The Rise and Fall of DREE

47

(6)

The Supplicant is not Alone

53

(10)

THE PLAY

New Brunswick in 1987

63

(22)

New Brunswick Before McKenna

65

(4)

The New Brunswick Economy, Circa 1987

69

(6)

The New Brunswick Government, Circa 1987

75

(10)

The McKenna Reforms: Taking Stock

85

(42)

Reforming the Public Service

86

(7)

Promoting Economic Development: Starting with New Brunswickers

93

(3)

The People Factor

96

(3)

Looking to NBTel and Bilingualism to Create Jobs

99

(5)

The Traditional Economic Sectors

104

(2)

Repairing New Brunswick's Fiscal House

106

(4)

Dealing with Ottawa

110

(6)

Matters Unattended

116

(11)

THE DENOUEMENT

New Brunswick in 1997

127

(50)

New Brunswick, Circa 1997

128

(8)

The Public Service

136

(3)

The Balance Sheet

139

(3)

The New Brunswick Economy, Circa 1997

142

(22)

Employment

143

(8)

Output and Incomes

151

(3)

Productivity and Trade Structure

154

(10)

The McKenna Years: A Report Card on Economic Development

164

(13)

Lessons Learned

177

(22)

Leaving a Trace

179

(1)

Economics as if History Does Not Matter

180

(5)

National Political Institutions Also Matter

185

(6)

What Now?

191

(8)

Notes about the Author

199

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Pulling Against Gravity

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials