On the Purity of the Art of Logic : The Shorter and the Longer Treatises

, by Walter Burley; Translated by Paul Vincent Spade

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ISBN: 9780300082005 | 0300082002
Cover: Trade Book
Copyright: 12/11/2000

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This is the first complete English translation of On the Purity of the Art of Logic, a handbook of logic written in Latin by English philosopher Walter Burley (c. 1275-1344/5). The work circulated in the Middle Ages in two versions, a shorter and a longer one, both translated here by Paul Vincent Spade. The translations arc based on the only complete edition of Burley's treatises, corrected by Spade on the basis of one of the surviving manuscripts. The book also includes an extensive introduction, explanatory notes, a table of corresponding passages between the two versions, a select annotated bibliography, and three indexes.

A contemporary of John Duns Scotus and William of Ockham, Burley was active at the universities of both Paris and Oxford. He became one of the most important figures in the transformation of medieval logic and semantics that took place in the early fourteenth century. Burley used new tools and techniques of logical and semantical analysis, yet in many cases he used them in defense of traditional views, such as a realist metaphysical theo

Introduction

xix

Walter Burley's Life, Writings, and Influence

xix

Burley's On the Purity of the Art of Logic

xxii

The Text and the Translation

xxiii

THE SHORTER TREATISE ON THE PURITY OF THE ART OF LOGIC

(2)

The First Part: On General Rules

(74)

The First Subpart: On General Rules of Inferences

(24)

Rule 1

(1)

Rule 2

(1)

Sophism

(1)

Reply to the Sophisms

(1)

Additional Rules

(1)

Counterexamples

(1)

Replies to the Counterexamples

(3)

Rule 3

(1)

Rule 4

(1)

Doubts and Replies

(1)

Copulative Propositions

(1)

Disjunctive Propositions

(1)

Conditional Propositions

(1)

Reduplicative Propositions

(1)

A General Rule

(1)

Rule 5

(1)

Rule 6

(1)

Rule 7

(1)

Counterexamples

(1)

Replies to the Counterexamples

(1)

Rule 8

(1)

Doubts

(1)

Doubt 1

(1)

Doubt 2

(1)

Reply to the Doubts

(1)

Reply to the Doubt 1

(1)

Reply to Doubt 2

(1)

Rule 9

(2)

Rule 10

(1)

On Syllogistic Inference

(1)

The Second Subpart: The Treatise on Syncategoremata

(50)

The Division of Syncategoremata

(3)

`Alone' and `Only'

(1)

On Exceptives

(1)

`Begins' and `Stops'

(1)

`Not'

(1)

`Not' Taken Merely Negatively

(1)

Rule 1

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

Rule 2

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

Rule 3

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

Rule 4

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

Rule 5

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

On Infinitizing Negation

(1)

On Infinite Names

(2)

On the Negation of Infinite Verbs

(1)

On Modal Words

(1)

First Division of Necessity and Contingency

(1)

Second Division of Necessity and Contingency

(1)

That the Mode Is Not Predicated in Modal Propositions

(1)

First Proof

(1)

Second Proof

(1)

Third Proof

(1)

Fourth Proof

(1)

Fifth Proof

(1)

That the Mode Is Not a Disposition of the Predicate in Modal Propositions

(1)

Third Division of Necessity

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

Third Division of Contingency

(1)

A Rule

(1)

A Second Rule

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

A Second Sophism

(1)

`And'

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

A Rule

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

A Second Rule

(1)

A Third Rule

(1)

Disjunctive Words

(1)

`Or'

(1)

Two Sophisms

(2)

A Rule

(1)

Doubts

(2)

A Sophism

(1)

`Whether'

(1)

A Rule

(1)

A Second Rule

(1)

`If'

(1)

A Rule

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

A Second Sophism

(1)

A Second Rule

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

`Insofar As', `According As'

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

`Every'

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

A Second Sophism

(1)

A Third Sophism

(1)

A Fourth Sophism

(1)

A Rule

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

`Both', `Neither'

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

`The Whole'

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

`Whatever' and `Whoever'

(1)

On Quantifiers Distributive of Accidents

(1)

A Sophism

(1)

A Second Sophism

(1)

A Third Sophism

(1)

`Infinite'

(1)

A Sophism

(2)

THE LONGER TREATISE ON THE PURITY OF THE ART OF LOGIC

(2)

Tract 1: On the Properties of Terms

(1)

Part One: On Supposition

(52)

On the Division of Supposition

(3)

On Material Supposition

(4)

On Simple Supposition in Particular

(15)

On the Division of Simple Supposition

(9)

Objections

(1)

Replies to the Objections

(6)

On Personal Supposition

101

(16)

Two Objections and Replies

110

(1)

On the Supposition of Relative Terms

111

(6)

In Which Doubts Are Resolved by Means of the Above Statements

117

(13)

Difficulties

117

(1)

Replies to These Difficulties

118

(6)

Difficulties over Confused and Distributive Supposition

124

(5)

Difficulties over Relative Terms

129

(1)

On Improper Supposition

130

(1)

Part Two: On Appellation

131

(8)

Part Three: On Copulation

139

(6)

Tract 2: On Hypothetical Propositions and Syllogisms

145

(1)

Part One: On Conditional Hypothetical Propositions

145

(30)

On General Rules of Inferences

146

(6)

General Rules

147

(5)

First Main Rule

147

(1)

Two Subrules

147

(1)

Second Main Rule

147

(1)

Alternative Form of the Second Main Rule

147

(1)

Two False Rules

147

(1)

Two Subrules

148

(1)

Third Main Rule

148

(1)

Fourth Main Rule

148

(1)

First Subrule

149

(1)

Second Subrule

149

(1)

Third Subrule

149

(1)

Fifth Main Rule

150

(1)

First Subrule

151

(1)

Second Subrule

151

(1)

On the Manner of Arguing Enthymematically with Conditionals

152

(14)

First Observation

152

(1)

Second Observation

152

(1)

Third Observation

153

(1)

Fourth Observation

153

(1)

Fifth Observation

154

(1)

Sixth Observation

154

(1)

Seventh Observation

155

(1)

Eighth Observation

155

(1)

Ninth Observation

156

(8)

First Doubt

158

(1)

Second Doubt

158

(1)

Third Doubt

158

(1)

A Confirming Argument

158

(1)

Reply to the First Doubt

159

(1)

Reply to the Second Doubt

159

(1)

Reply to the Third Doubt

160

(2)

Reply to the Confirming Argument

162

(1)

Objection 1

162

(1)

Objection 2

163

(1)

Reply to Objection 1

163

(1)

Reply to Objection 2

163

(1)

Tenth Observation

164

(2)

First Special Rule

164

(1)

Second Special Rule

164

(1)

Third Special Rule

164

(1)

Fourth Special Rule

165

(1)

In Which Are Solved Difficulties That Seem to Be Against the Rules in the First Chapter

166

(9)

Doubts

166

(2)

Against the Second Main Rule

166

(1)

First Doubt

166

(1)

Second Doubt

166

(1)

Third Doubt

167

(1)

Against the First Subrule to the Second Main Rule

167

(1)

Against the Fifth Main Rule

167

(1)

Against the Third Main Rule

168

(1)

Replies to These Doubts

168

(6)

Replies to the Doubts Against the Second Main Rule

168

(1)

Reply to the First Doubt

168

(1)

Reply to the Second Doubt

169

(1)

Reply to the Third Doubt

170

(1)

Reply to the Doubt Against the First Subrule to the Second Main Rule

171

(2)

Reply to the Doubts Against the Fifth Main Rule

173

(1)

Reply to the Doubt Against the Third Rule

174

(1)

Clarification of an Earlier Rule

174

(1)

Part Two: On the Manner of Arguing Syllogistically in Hypothetical Conditionals

175

(19)

On Conditional Syllogisms in the First Figure

176

(4)

Moods of the First Figure

177

(3)

On Conditional Syllogisms in the Second Figure with Both Premises Conditional

180

(5)

Moods of the Second Figure

181

(4)

Affirmative Conditional Hypothetical Syllogisms

182

(1)

Conditional Syllogisms in One Premise of Which the Condition-Sign Is Affirmed and in the Other Denied

183

(2)

On Conditional Syllogisms in the Third Figure

185

(5)

Moods of the Third Figure

187

(3)

On Syllogisms from One Conditional and One Categorical Premise

190

(4)

Moods of Such Syllogisms

192

(2)

Part Three: On Other Hypothetical Propositions

194

(1)

Subpart 1: On Other Explicit Hypotheticals

194

(25)

Chapter 1

194

(25)

On Copulatives

197

(6)

The Truth, Possibility, and Impossibility of Copulatives

198

(1)

Doubt 1

199

(1)

Doubt 2

199

(1)

Reply to Doubt 1

199

(1)

Reply to Doubt 2

200

(1)

The Contradictory Opposite of a Copulative

200

(1)

Doubt 1

200

(1)

Doubt 2

201

(1)

Reply to Doubt 1

201

(1)

How to Form Syllogisms with Copulatives

202

(1)

On Disjunctives

203

(8)

The Truth, Necessity, Possibility, and Impossibility of Disjunctives

203

(3)

What is the Contradictory of a Disjunctive?

206

(1)

On Disjunctive Syllogisms

206

(1)

On Disjunctives Formed with `Or'

207

(1)

Objection 1

207

(1)

Objection 2

208

(1)

Reply to Objection 1

208

(1)

Reply to Objection 2

208

(1)

On Ways of Forming Syllogisms from Disjunctives

209

(1)

On the Word `Whether'

210

(1)

On Causals

211

(5)

The Truth of Causals

212

(1)

The Necessity, Possibility and Impossibility of Causals

212

(1)

The Contradictory of a Causal

212

(1)

How to Form Syllogisms from Causals

213

(1)

A Sophism

214

(1)

Reply to the Sophism

215

(1)

On Temporals

216

(3)

The Truth of Temporals

216

(1)

The Necessity, Possibility, and Impossibility of a Temporal

217

(1)

The Contradictory of a Temporal

218

(1)

How to Form Syllogisms with Temporals

219

(1)

Subpart 2: On Implicit Hypotheticals

219

(74)

On Exclusives

219

(35)

Rule 1

219

(1)

First Subrule

220

(1)

Second Subrule

220

(1)

Rule 2

220

(3)

A Subrule

222

(1)

First Subrule of the Subrule

222

(1)

Second Subrule of the Subrule

222

(1)

Rule 3

223

(1)

Rule 4

223

(1)

A Subrule

223

(1)

A Sophism

223

(1)

Summary of the Rules

224

(1)

Objections and Replies

225

(4)

First Objection

225

(1)

Reply to the First Objection

225

(2)

Second Objection: A Sophism

227

(1)

Reply to the Sophism

228

(1)

Third Objection: Another Sophism

228

(1)

Reply to the Sophism

229

(1)

Rule 5

229

(3)

Sophisms

230

(1)

First Sophism

230

(1)

Reply to the Sophism

230

(1)

Second Sophism

231

(1)

Reply to the Sophism

231

(1)

Third Sophism and Reply

232

(1)

Rule 6

232

(1)

First Sophism

232

(1)

Solution to the First Sophism

232

(1)

Second Sophism

233

(1)

Solution to the Second Sophism

233

(1)

Two Rules of the Old Authors

233

(2)

First Rule

233

(1)

Second Rule

234

(1)

Rejection of These Two Rules

234

(1)

Rule 7

235

(2)

A Sophism

236

(1)

Reply to the Sophism

236

(1)

Rule 8

237

(1)

A Putative Rule

237

(1)

Rejection of the Putative Rule

238

(1)

Rule 9

238

(2)

A Sophism

238

(1)

Reply to the Sophism

238

(1)

Another Sophism

239

(1)

Reply to the Sophism

240

(1)

On Exclusive Syllogisms

240

(5)

On Exclusive Syllogisms in the First Figure

241

(3)

Eight Rules for Exclusive Syllogisms in the First Figure

244

(1)

On Exclusive Syllogisms in the Second Figure

245

(4)

Nine Rules for Exclusive Syllogisms in the Second Figure

248

(1)

On Exclusive Syllogisms in the Third Figure

249

(5)

Nineteen Rules for Exclusive Syllogisms in the Third Figure

253

(1)

On Exceptives

254

(13)

`Besides'

255

(8)

Rule 1

257

(1)

Rule 2

257

(1)

Rule 3

258

(1)

Rule 4

258

(1)

A Sophism

258

(1)

Reply to the Sophism

259

(1)

Rule 5

259

(1)

A Sophism

259

(1)

Solution to the Sophism

259

(1)

Rule 6

260

(1)

A Sophism

260

(1)

Solution to the Sophism

260

(1)

Rule 7

261

(1)

Rule 8

261

(1)

A Sophism

261

(1)

Solution to the Sophism

262

(1)

Another Sophism

262

(1)

Solution to the Sophism

262

(1)

A Remark

263

(1)

Another Remark

263

(1)

`Unless'

263

(3)

A Sophism

264

(1)

Solution to the Sophism

264

(1)

Another Sophism

265

(1)

Solution to the Sophism

265

(1)

On Exceptive Syllogisms

266

(1)

On Reduplicatives

267

(16)

The Truth of a Reduplicative

267

(7)

Reduplicatives with Both the Reduplication and the Main Verb Affirmed

269

(2)

Sophisms

271

(1)

Reduplicatives in Which Both the Reduplication and That on Which the Reduplication Falls Are Affirmed and the Main Verb Is Denied

272

(1)

Reduplicatives in Which the Reduplication Is Denied and the Main Verb Is Affirmed

273

(1)

Reduplicatives in Which That on Which the Reduplication Falls Is Denied and Both the Reduplication and the Main Verb Are Affirmed

273

(1)

Reduplicatives in Which Both That on Which the Reduplication Falls and the Main Verb Are Denied

274

(1)

How Contradiction Is to Be Taken With Reduplicatives

274

(3)

First Doubt

275

(1)

Second Doubt

276

(1)

Reply to the First Doubt

276

(1)

Reply to the Second Doubt

276

(1)

How Terms Supposit in Reduplicatives

277

(1)

On Reduplicative Syllogisms

278

(5)

Reduplicative Syllogisms in the First Figure

278

(1)

Reduplicative Syllogisms in the Second Figure

279

(3)

Reduplicative Syllogisms in the Third Figure

282

(1)

On Propositions in Which the Verbs `Begins' and `Stops' Occur

283

(10)

A Sophism

285

(1)

Other Verbs That Signify the Beginning or End of Being or Nonbeing

285

(1)

Which Expositions Yield True Propositions?

286

(1)

Rule 1

287

(1)

Rule 2

287

(1)

Rule 3

288

(1)

A Sophism

288

(1)

Solution to the Sophism

288

(1)

Rule 4

289

(1)

A Sophism

289

(1)

Solution to the Sophism

289

(1)

Another Sophism

289

(1)

Solution to the Sophism

290

(1)

Rule 5

290

(1)

A Sophism

290

(1)

Solution to the Sophism

290

(1)

Syllogisms Made up of Such Propositions

291

(2)

Appendix: Tables of Parallel Passages

293

(2)

Select Annotated Bibliography

295

(10)

Index of Persons

305

(2)

Index of Propositions, Rules, and Sophisms

307

(6)

Index of Topics

313

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On the Purity of the Art of Logic : The Shorter and the Longer Treatises

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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On the Purity of the Art of Logic : The Shorter and the Longer Treatises

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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