The Python Standard Library by Example

Doug Hellmann is a senior developer with Racemi, Inc., and communications director of the Python Software Foundation. He has programmed with Python since version 1.4, and has worked on multiple platforms in mapping, medical publishing, banking, and data center automation. Hellmann was previously columnist and editor-in-chief for Python Magazine and, since 2007, has blogged the popular Python Module of the Week series at doughellmann.com.

1.1 string—Text Constants and Templates 4

1.2 textwrap—Formatting Text Paragraphs 9

1.3 re—Regular Expressions 13

1.4 difflib—Compare Sequences 61

2.1 collections—Container Data Types 70

2.2 array—Sequence of Fixed-Type Data 84

2.3 heapq—Heap Sort Algorithm 87

2.4 bisect—Maintain Lists in Sorted Order 93

2.5 Queue—Thread-Safe FIFO Implementation 96

2.6 struct—Binary Data Structures 102

2.7 weakref—Impermanent References to Objects 106

2.8 copy—Duplicate Objects 117

2.9 pprint—Pretty-Print Data Structures 123

3.1 functools—Tools for Manipulating Functions 129

3.2 itertools—Iterator Functions 141

3.3 operator—Functional Interface to Built-in Operators 153

3.4 contextlib—Context Manager Utilities 163

4.1 time—Clock Time 173

4.2 datetime—Date and Time Value Manipulation 180

4.3 calendar—Work with Dates 191

5.1 decimal—Fixed and Floating-Point Math 197

5.2 fractions—Rational Numbers 207

5.3 random—Pseudorandom Number Generators 211

5.4 math—Mathematical Functions 223

6.1 os.path—Platform-Independent Manipulation of Filenames 248

6.2 glob—Filename Pattern Matching 257

6.3 linecache—Read Text Files Efficiently 261

6.4 tempfile—Temporary File System Objects 265

6.5 shutil—High-Level File Operations 271

6.6 mmap—Memory-Map Files 279

6.7 codecs—String Encoding and Decoding 284

6.8 StringIO—Text Buffers with a File-like API 314

6.9 fnmatch—UNIX-Style Glob Pattern Matching 315

6.10 dircache—Cache Directory Listings 319

6.11 filecmp—Compare Files 322

7.1 pickle—Object Serialization 334

7.2 shelve—Persistent Storage of Objects 343

7.3 anydbm—DBM-Style Databases 347

7.4 whichdb—Identify DBM-Style Database Formats 350

7.5 sqlite3—Embedded Relational Database 351

7.6 xml.etree.ElementTree—XML Manipulation API 387

7.7 csv—Comma-Separated Value Files 411

8.1 zlib—GNU zlib Compression 421

8.2 gzip—Read and Write GNU Zip Files 430

8.3 bz2—bzip2 Compression 436

8.4 tarfile—Tar Archive Access 448

8.5 zipfile—ZIP Archive Access 457

9.1 hashlib—Cryptographic Hashing 469

9.2 hmac—Cryptographic Message Signing and Verification 473

10.1 subprocess—Spawning Additional Processes 481

10.2 signal—Asynchronous System Events 497

10.3 threading—Manage Concurrent Operations 505

10.4 multiprocessing—Manage Processes like Threads 529

11.1 socket—Network Communication 561

11.2 select—Wait for I/O Efficiently 594

11.3 SocketServer—Creating Network Servers 609

11.4 asyncore—Asynchronous I/O 619

11.5 asynchat—Asynchronous Protocol Handler 629

12.1 urlparse—Split URLs into Components 638

12.2 BaseHTTPServer—Base Classes for Implementing Web Servers 644

12.3 urllib—Network Resource Access 651

12.4 urllib2—Network Resource Access 657

12.5 base64—Encode Binary Data with ASCII 670

12.6 robotparser—Internet Spider Access Control 674

12.7 Cookie—HTTP Cookies 677

12.8 uuid—Universally Unique Identifiers 684

12.9 json—JavaScript Object Notation 690

12.10 xmlrpclib—Client Library for XML-RPC 702

12.11 SimpleXMLRPCServer—An XML-RPC Server 714

13.1 smtplib—Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client 727

13.2 smtpd—Sample Mail Servers 734

13.3 imaplib—IMAP4 Client Library 738

13.4 mailbox—Manipulate Email Archives 758

14.1 getopt—Command-Line Option Parsing 770

14.2 optparse—Command-Line Option Parser 777

14.3 argparse—Command-Line Option and Argument Parsing 795

14.4 readline—The GNU Readline Library 823

14.5 getpass—Secure Password Prompt 836

14.6 cmd—Line-Oriented Command Processors 839

14.7 shlex—Parse Shell-Style Syntaxes 852

14.8 ConfigParser—Work with Configuration Files 861

14.9 logging—Report Status, Error, and Informational Messages 878

14.10 fileinput—Command-Line Filter Framework 883

14.11 atexit—Program Shutdown Callbacks 890

14.12 sched—Timed Event Scheduler 894

Chapter 15: Internationalization and Localization 899

15.1 gettext—Message Catalogs 899

15.2 locale—Cultural Localization API 909

16.1 pydoc—Online Help for Modules 920

16.2 doctest—Testing through Documentation 921

16.3 unittest—Automated Testing Framework 949

16.4 traceback—Exceptions and Stack Traces 958

16.5 cgitb—Detailed Traceback Reports 965

16.6 pdb—Interactive Debugger 975

16.7 trace—Follow Program Flow 1012

16.8 profile and pstats—Performance Analysis 1022

16.9 timeit—Time the Execution of Small Bits of Python Code 1031

16.10 compileall—Byte-Compile Source Files 1037

16.11 pyclbr—Class Browser 1039

17.1 site—Site-Wide Configuration 1046

17.2 sys—System-Specific Configuration 1055

17.3 os—Portable Access to Operating System Specific Features 1108

17.4 platform—System Version Information 1129

17.5 resource—System Resource Management 1134

17.6 gc—Garbage Collector 1138

17.7 sysconfig—Interpreter Compile-Time Configuration 1160

18.1 warnings—Nonfatal Alerts 1170

18.2 abc—Abstract Base Classes 1178

18.3 dis—Python Bytecode Disassembler 1186

18.4 inspect—Inspect Live Objects 1200

18.5 exceptions—Built-in Exception Classes 1216

19.1 imp—Python’s Import Mechanism 1235

19.2 zipimport—Load Python Code from ZIP Archives 1240

19.3 pkgutil—Package Utilities 1247

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