In Quest of the Historical Pharisees

This work sketches the many portraits of the Pharisees that emerge from ancient sources. Based upon the Gospels, the writings of Paul, Josephus, the Mishnah, the Tosefta, and archeology, the volume profiles the Pharisees and explores the relationship between the Pharisees and the Judaic religious system foreshadowed by the library of Qumran. A great virtue of this study is that no attempt is made to homogenize the distinct pictures or reconstruct a singular account of the Pharisees; instead, by carefully considering the sources, the chapters allow different pictures of the Pharisees to stand side by side.

Preface	p. vii
First-Century Accounts
Josephus's Pharisees: The Narratives	p. 3
Josephus's Pharisees: The Philosophy	p. 41
Matthew's and Mark's Pharisees	p. 67
Luke's Pharisees	p. 113
John's Pharisees	p. 131
Paul and the Pharisees	p. 149
Paul and Gamaliel	p. 175
The Pharisees and the Dead Sea Scrolls	p. 225
Archaeology and the Pharisees	p. 237
The Pharisees in Rabbinic Judaism
The Pharisees and the Sadducees in the Earliest Rabbinic Documents	p. 255
The Rabbinic Traditions about the Pharisees before 70 CE: An Overview	p. 297
The Pharisaic Agenda: Laws Attributed in the Mishnah and the Tosefta to Pre-70 Pharisees	p. 313
The Pre-70 Pharisees after 70 and after 140	p. 329
The Pharisees in Modern Theology
The German Theological Tradition	p. 353
The Anglo-American Theological Tradition to 1970	p. 375
The Debate with E. P. Saunders since 1970	p. 395
Conclusion
What Do We Really Know about the Pharisees, and How Do We Know It?	p. 409
Journal and Series Abbreviations	p. 425
Notes	p. 429
Bibliography	p. 481
About the Contributors	p. 511
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In Quest of the Historical Pharisees

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